a. \(\sqrt{x^2+1}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\pm\sqrt{15}\)
b. \(\sqrt{x^2+5x+20}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+20=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
c. \(x-5\sqrt{x}+4=0\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2-5t+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=4\\t=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (TM)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
d. \(\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+3\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}+3=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4\sqrt{x}-5=0\)
Tương tự câu c ta được: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(TM\right)\\x=-1\left(KTM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)