13.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=5\\x^3+2y^3+\left(x-5\right)^2+\left(y+5\right)^2=55\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=5\\x^3+2y^3+x^2+y^2-10x+10y+50=55\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=5\\x^3+2y^3=10x-10y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=5\\x^3+2y^3=2.5\left(x-y\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=5\\x^3+2y^3=2.\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) ta có: \(x^3-2x^2y+2xy^2-4y^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)\left(x^2+2y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2y=0\\x^2+2y^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=5\\x-2y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y^2=5\\x=2y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=5\\x^2+2y^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=5\\y^2=-5\end{matrix}\right.\text{ vô nghiệm}\)
Vậy hệ pt đã cho có 2 nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;2\right);\left(-1;-2\right)\right\}\)