Một bát cơm nguội để lâu trong không khí trải qua các giai đoạn: những chấm nhỏ màu xanh xuất hiện trên mặt. Các sợi mốc phát triển thành từng vệt dài và mọc trùm lên các chấm màu xanh. Sợi nấm mọc xen kẽ mốc, sau hai tuần nấm có màu vàng nâu bao trùm lên toàn bộ bề mặt cơm. Diễn biến đó là

A.Sự phân huỷ

B.Sự cộng sinh giữa các loài

C.Quá trình diễn thế

D.Sự ức chế cảm nhiễm

Khi nói về nguyên nhân và cơ chế phát sinh đột biến gen, phát biểu nào sau đây không đúng?

A. Đột biến gen được phát sinh chủ yếu trong quá trình nhân đôi ADN.

B. Tần số phát sinh đột biến gen không phụ thuộc vào liều lượng, cường độ của tác nhân gây đột biến.

C. Đột biến gen phát sinh do tác động của các tác nhân lí hoá ở môi trường hay do các tác nhân sinh học.

D. Trong quá trình nhân đôi ADN, sự có mặt của bazơ nitơ dạng hiếm có thể phát sinh đột biến gen

Áp dụng bao nhiêu biện pháp sau đây sẽ cho phép tăng nhanh đàn gia súc?

(1) Tăng nhiều con đực.

(2) Tăng nhiều con cái.

(3) Bố trí số con đực và con cái như nhau.

      (4) Tách con non ra khỏi mẹ sớm

A. 4

B. 3

C. 2.

D. 1

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

   In the last few decades, the world of work has dramatically changed how people earn their living and plan their work lives. This new labour market is evolving at accelerating speed as old industrial-age jobs are replaced by knowledge-based work and information technology continues to alter how we work, play and learn. This dramatic change in how goods and services are produced and distributed has been labelled the “New Economy.” The old economy was based on resources; the New Economy is based on knowledge and is driven by technology and information.

   Working in new ways: In this New Economy, new forms of work are being created, as employment in a “job-for-life” is replaced by a variety of “work alternatives.” These work alternatives can include working part time, contracting, consulting or owning a business where you hire your own employees.

   In British Columbia, more and more people are working in this way, and economists are predicting that this trend will continue in the future. Career counsellors are encouraging people to prepare for these work alternatives rather than for just a full-time job.

   New thinking for a new millennium: The New Economy demands that we change our thinking about the labour market. Traditional job patterns that we took for granted for most of the last century have disappeared. Letting go of the way things used to be in the world of work is one of the hardest challenges that career planners face today. Here are some trends that all workers will have to adapt to:

   Change: Rapid change will be constant in the workplace of the new millennium. Those who understand change and can manage it effectively will be more successful.

   Just-in-time training: In the information economy, it is impossible to leam everything you need to know ahead of time to do a job. Rapid learning will be commonplace. The advantage will go to those who can leam - and instruct - the fastest. Workers must commit to continuous learning throughout their life or work.

   Fusion: Job classifications and occupational titles will become less important. The jobs of the future will be hyphenated; in other words, there will be a fusion of titles like carpenter-architect, accountant-sales rep, or graphic designer-webmaster. Being able to combine a variety of skills to apply to a particular task will be increasingly important.

   Self-reliance: Work is becoming more “entrepreneurial” in the sense that workers have to be prepared for a variety of work alternatives and take the initiative to market their skills more creatively. As a result, people will need to be more responsible for their own career development. The notion of “career self-management” is emerging as a means not only of surviving in the New Economy, but also of thriving and making the best of its new opportunities.

   Emphasis on skills: Workers can no longer expect long-term job security, but they can rely on “skills security”. If workers keep their skills up-to-date and market them effectively in areas of the economy that are growing, they will be able to find work. An essential ingredient of career self-management is knowing and developing skill sets and then finding areas of work where they can be applied.

   Balance in life/work: Information technology is fuelling the accelerating pace of change. We are “plugged in” to work more than ever before through communications (e-mail, phone, fax, pagers, the Internet). To maintain their health and well-being, workers will have to rethink how and where they work and find balance between earning a living and living their lives.

   Finding opportunity. In this New Economy, it is beneficial for people to use their creativity to find new opportunities where they can apply their skills and abilities. This means keeping an open mind about where and how you work.

   The New Economy is very different from the old. It offers even more opportunities to find challenging, rewarding and satisfying work. If you spend time and energy planning for this new reality, you will be able to create a career plan that offers excitement, anticipation and hope for the future.

The main difference between the New Economy and the old one is _____________ .

A. opportunities offered

B. high living standard

C. skill security

D. careers chosen

Dựa trên hình vẽ mô tả hệ tuần hoàn của động vật, có bao nhiêu phát biểu sau đây đúng?

   (1) Hình vẽ mô tả sơ đồ hệ tuần hoàn hở ở mực ống, bạch tuộc, giun đốt.

   (2) Chú thích (I) là tim, là nơi bơm máu chảy vào hệ mạch.

   (3) Chú thích (II) là mao mạch máu, là nơi mà máu trao đổi chất với tế bào thông qua thành mao mạch.

   (4) Chú thích (III) là động mạch, máu chảy trong động mạch này với 1 áp lực cao hoặc trung bình.

   (5) Chú thích (IV) là tĩnh mạch, là nơi dẫn máu từ mao mạch cơ thể về tim.

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

FIRST TIME IN THE AIR

When John Mills was going to fly in an airplane for the first time, he was frightened. He did not like the idea of being thousands of feet up in the air. "I also didn't like the fact that I wouldn't be in control," says John.

"I'm a terrible passenger in the car. When somebody else is driving, I tell them what to so. It drives everybody crazy."

However John couldn't avoid flying any longer. It was the only way he could visit his grandchildren in Canada.

"I had made up my mind that I was going to do it, I couldn't let my son, his wife and their three children travel all the way here to visit me. It would be so expensive for them and I know Tom's business isn't doing so well at the moment - it would also be tiring for the children - it's a nine-hour flight!" he says.

To get ready for the flight John did lots of reading about airplanes. When he booked his seat, he was told that he would be flying on a Boeing 747, which is better known as a jumbo jet. "I needed to know as much as possible before getting in that plane. I suppose it was a way of making myself feel better. The Boeing 747 is the largest passenger aircraft in the world at the moment. The first one flew on February 9th 1969 in the USA. It can carry up to 524 passengers and 3.400 pieces of luggage. The fuel for airplanes is kept in the wings and the 747's wings are so big that they can carry enough fuel for an average car to be able to travel 16,000 kilometers a year for 70 years. Isn't that unbelievable? Even though I had discovered all this very interesting information about the jumbo, when I saw it for the first time, just before I was going to travel to Canada, I still couldn't believe that something so enormous was going to get up in the air and fly. I was even more impressed when I saw how big it was inside with hundreds of people!"

The biggest surprise of all for John was the flight itself. "The take-off itself was much smoother than I expected although I was still quite scared until we were in the air. In the end, I managed to relax, enjoy the food and watch one of the movies and the view from the window was spectacular. I even managed to sleep for a while!

"Of course," continues John, "the best reward of all was when I arrived in Canada and saw my son and his family, particularly my beautiful grandchildren. Suddenly, I felt so silly about all the years when I couldn't even think of getting on a plane. I had let my fear of living stop me from seeing the people I love most in the world. I can visit my son and family as often as I like now!"

Question 37: Why did John read about airplane?

A. He wanted to know how they work.

B. It was his hobby.

C. It made him feel safer.

D. He had found a book on them.

Thực hiện thí nghiệm điều chế khí X, khí X được thu vào bình tam giác theo hình vẽ sau:

Thí nghiệm đó là:

A. Cho dung dịch H 2 S O 4 đặc vào bình đựng lá kim loại Cu.

B. Cho dung dịch HCl vào bình đựng bột C a C O 3

C. Cho dung dịch N H 4 C l tác dụng với dung dịch NaOH

D. Cho dung dịch HCl đặc vào bình đựng tinh thể K 2 C r O 7

Lưỡng cư sống được ở cả dưới nước và trên cạn vì

A. nguồn thức ăn ở hai môi trường đều phong phú

B. lưỡng cư hô hấp cả bằng da (chủ yếu) và bằng phổi

C. da lưỡng cư luôn cần ẩm ướt

D. chi của lưỡng cư có màng, vừa bơi, vừa nhảy được ở trên cạn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

While watching sports on TV, the chances are children will see professional players cheating, having tantrums, fighting, or abusing officials. In addition, it’s highly likely that children will be aware of well-known cases of sportspeople being caught using drugs to improve their performance. The danger of all this is that it could give children the idea that winning is all that counts and you should win at all costs. Good behavior and fair play aren’t the message that comes across. Instead, it looks as if cheating and bad behavior are reasonable ways of getting what you want. This message is further bolstered by the fact that some of these sportspeople acquire enormous fame and wealth, making it seem they are being handsomely rewarded either despite or because of their bad behavior.

What can parents do about this? They can regard sport on television as an opportunity to discuss attitudes and behavior with their children. When watching sports together, if parents see a player swearing at the referee, they can get the child’s opinion on that behavior and discuss whether a player’s skill is more important than their behavior. Ask what the child thinks the player’s contribution to the team is. Point out that no player can win a team game on their own, so it’s important for members to work well together.

Another thing to focus on is what the commentators say. Do they frown on bad behavior from players, think it’s amusing or even consider it’s a good thing? What about the officials? If they let players get away with a clear foul, parents can discuss with children whether this is right and what effect it has on the game. Look too at the reactions of coaches and managers. Do they accept losing with good grace or scowl and show a bad attitude? Parents can use this to talk about attitudes to winning and losing and to remind children that both are part of sport.

However, what children learn from watching sports is by no means all negative and parents should make sure they accentuate the positives too. They should emphasise to children the high reputation that well-behaved players have, not just with their teammates but also with spectators and the media. They can focus on the contribution made by such players during a game, discussing how valuable they are in the team. In the interviews after a game, point out to a child that the well-behaved sportspeople don’t gloat when they win or sulk when they lose. And parents can stress how well these people conduct themselves in their personal lives and the good work they do for others when not playing. In other words, parents should get their children to focus on the positive role models, rather than the antics of the badly behaved but often more publicized players.

(Adapter from “New English File – Advanced” by Will Maddox)

The word “bolstered” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. inspired.

B. represented.

C. energized.

D. reinforced.