Could you turn off the light,please ?

\(\Rightarrow\) Would you mind if I turned off the light ?

1. I like living in the countryside for a number of reasons. It is a peaceful place. In the fresh air. Quiet space. We can enjoy a healthy natural condition without worrying much about environmental pollution. Like social security, rural is a safer place than a city. While the security situation it is always complex with all types of crime, the rural areas are much safer because most of the villagers are friendly and willing to help each other. Moreover, rural life is also easier in the city. People in the cities are very susceptible to stress because of pollution, the pressure of work, competitions, etc. In contrast, the bad thing is very rare in the countryside. In sum, except the problem of income, the countryside is a residence better than the cities.

The Internet seems to have become something very familiar to many young people, especially in big cities. But is that familiarity as positive as we think it should be? It's not just one dimension from the bad effects that the press has talked about, such as porn sites, porn chat, nudity, celebrities .... Where, TTN is too lack of orientation to know and see the need to exploit the positive aspects of virtual world ...

Customers in Internet cafes are mostly teenagers. They use the Internet to ...

The most visible thing in all over 20 Internet cafes in many areas of Hanoi where we are is: The vast majority of customers are on the Internet for chatting, most of which use the software. Yahoo! Messenger (YM), the rest use ICQ, AIM and public chat rooms. Perhaps we need policymakers to conduct a large-scale survey to give statistics on how many percent of Vietnamese Internet users use the Internet for entertainment (in which there are many types Leisureless, even toxic), how much to serve the needs of learning, improving knowledge. From the perspective of a normal person, one can notice in Internet cafes, where the majority of school-age customers, reading screens, search the information on the net. Extremely rare. It is hard to imagine that among the TTN manipulation "chat chit" on YM as lightning fast fingers, many people do not know what is web browser. Some know just about accessing some very limited websites.

Girls under the age of 20 are engrossed in a series of "flashing signals" on the invitation screen. P. and T., two 16 year old girls giggling before 6, 7 chat windows have pictures at a restaurant on Lake Dac Di Road, shook their heads as we asked outside the chat never to network. See the website does not. HY, a high school student, also has a computer connected to his home network, but he likes to go out on Nguyen Trai Street because he is more comfortable and does not have to be watched by his mother: "I usually chat with some friends in the streets. Another province ... ". HY was happy to write in his notebook and said: "I will watch this site from home. My mother will not ban!" Computer screen of Đ.P.P (12th class of Quang Trung school) also has some chat windows: "I just started to network for a month now and just to chat. I do not know much because nobody is guided. I do not know English. The network is hard to spread ... ".

Spontaneity, lack of direction and too little efficiency: Beneficial harm?

"Not guided", which is the current status of TTN today for IT in general and the Internet in particular. We often talk about the importance of IT, the need for a global network for integration and development, and even the growing interest of young people in using the Internet is a sign of improved skills. Informatics and Educational Development. But it seems that we are "too trusting" or rather leave behind the self-discovery of the TTN.

In developed and developed countries, the use of computer networks, including the school network and the global Internet, is an integral part of the learning process. The issues are open and up-to-date, requiring students to look up and collect relevant information and knowledge so they can master the lesson and do their homework. That is not to mention the key, specialized hours specific instructions on the use of computers and the Internet to serve the study and research in all areas. The priceless knowledge base from the Internet is always taught by teachers who focus on how to exploit efficiency, direction of use and warn of threats.

In Vietnam, there are almost no plans to educate and orientate the use of computers and the Internet in a fundamental and broad way for students. Courses that are not related to IT are more limited in content and form of teaching, not create the desire to explore, discover more for children. Pham Huy Thong, a teacher at Giang Vo Secondary School, confessed: "We know many middle school students have become acquainted with computers and the Internet at home or through Internet cafes, but these activities are outside the classroom. At school, we can not manage it, but in order to orient the current level II has no program and plan to teach informatics and equipment is very inadequate. Still quite awkward to know how to exploit effectively,

At middle school age, the children are beginning to be eager to learn new technologies. Schools do not teach, they tell each other how to use and of course, learning the useless, the bad is always the easiest. In fact, there are not as many parents as my mother HY keep track of what I do online, but most often have the mentality that kids learn "those" faster than me. The parents we asked all said never or rarely check what their children do with computers and the Internet because "checked also do not know which way" - said Hung, there is High school children high school Vietnam - Germany; Or "they are fascinated with computers is good" - Quynh, a child secondary school Ngo Sy Lien said. They also said that females almost never talked to themselves about what they do, read, or see on the Internet.

Thay Thong shared with us that the Ministry of Education and Training would soon have a comprehensive and appropriate computer training program for each level, as well as educational software, e-books, databases and websites. Having practical contents directly related to science in all subjects so that pupils and students can have their own research and discovery conditions. Without such basic orientations, how much money to equip, how much time children spend on the Internet will be wasted and even "harmless".

In recent years, our country is in the process of industrialization - modernization of the country, so that developing economies very quickly, people's lives improved significantly. However, in parallel with this development, the environment we live more and more signs of recession, not only by the amount of resources are increasingly being exploited indiscriminately, excessive but also by the sense of humans are not good in protecting the environment. So to protect the environment, we, the students are sitting on the school to raise awareness advocacy, environmental protection.

Environment is the space where people live, develop so that the environment can be considered a prerequisite for the survival of man. In other words, no environment, there is no human, humans want to sustain life and existence depend very much on the environment. Environment here we can understand the factors in nature, such as water, air, soil, ecosystems, trees ... that are the necessary speed in daily life our . We can not live without water, can not live without air, such as our respiratory system inoperable, meaning it is people will lose life. Other factors, too, it has an important role for this life.

See habitats have important roles in the lives of us how we are penetrating new incalculable consequences if the habitat was contaminated, degraded. Today, the development of increasingly strong economy, people pay more attention to the issue of profits, revenue to ensure that daily life accidentally or intentionally harming the environment. Humans use natural resources indiscriminately, improper, not only for the resources become exhausted quickly but also make the environment pollution and serious crisis by tapping it.

For example, people exploit oil and gas on the sea, as only interested in profit, to overexploitation, no skills required, the oil may spill out the water, polluting the water environment around around. Today, the development of the economy along with the sense not good man has done to the environment seriously degraded, not only natural resources are exhausted, the other elements of the environment are degraded , such as water, soil, atmosphere, forests ... .. in particular, our fresh water sources are polluted by industrial waste water not be discharged directly point out environment, domestic waste is also a factor for more water sources pollution.

Water environment characteristics than other environments because it can spread quickly between water resources between river together. Land is also a factor being polluted by domestic waste, by the pollution of water sources, as osmosis, seep into the ground, man sprayed the chemical drugs to the ground in the process of production Agriculture. Ambient air is polluted by exhaust fumes from factories agricultural production, due to dust, smoke, gasoline car means more moves on the way. The atmosphere is also an important factor in the lives of people, the air is polluted, people will inhale what toxic air, causing a direct impact on the health of people, especially the sick related to the respiratory tract.

Generally, the degradation of any factors in the environment can also be a direct threat to the lives of our people. So, for a good life, healthier people we need to raise awareness of environmental protection. As the students are sitting on the school not only should actively study and practice that need to raise moral consciousness of environmental protection now. Small working age small, any positive action will also contribute to the environment becomes more beautiful. Specifically, in operation at the school, the students should actively cleaning up the environment, not destroy trees, no littering in the classroom and in the school yard.

Positive action that will make the campus becomes clean, beautiful blue. In addition, our students need to propagate awareness of environmental protection for loved ones and those around us, such a new environment is protected, the lives of us really beautiful, meaningful . To not only us but those who live together in this socially conscious environmental protection. Because the environment is common, only action everyone can bring the best results.

Thus, habitat enormous role, it affects directly to the existence and development of human beings. However, the alarming today is the environment is degraded by the pace of economic development too quickly, while people only care about the interests of the individuals themselves that make the environment becomes degraded serious. Us when they were students sitting in school should raise the awareness of environmental protection. All for a beautiful future, clean, healthy everyone.

The role of science and technology in the development of the industry

In the cause of building and developing the country, especially since the implementation of the comprehensive reform, the Party and State have had good orientation and direction on the position and role of science and technology. Technology (S & T) for the socio-economic development in general and for the development of the industry in particular. Along with the completion of the legal document system, the S & T potential has been strengthened and many scientific and technological achievements have been widely applied in the fields of industry, agriculture, health and information. , Construction ... The system of national standards and technical regulations has been further improved; The promotion, search, exchange and technology transfer activities are promoted. National S & T funds, national technology innovation funds have been established and operated, promoting effectiveness. Technical infrastructure and information science and technology have developed rapidly. The connection between supply and demand has been strengthened and initially some models of linking institutes, schools with enterprises in science and technology activities have been established.

However, in general, the mobilization policy for financial investment in science and technology research in industry is limited today, mainly from the state budget. The mobilization and exploitation of resources of units in the ministries and sectors such as corporations, corporations, research institutes, universities, enterprises are limited.

The performance of science and technology organizations is not high; The number of establishment of science and technology enterprises is still limited, so the application of results in production and business activities is not high. Moreover, the financial support mechanism in the use of funds from non-business sources is not scientific, inconsistent, administrative procedures have not really linked the cost with the end result, causing much loss. Time in completing disbursement procedures.

The policy on investment in science and technology is still limited, mainly from the state budget. The mobilization and exploitation of resources of units in the ministries and sectors such as corporations, corporations, research institutes, universities, science and technology enterprises are limited.

Spending resources on science and technology development industry

Firstly, continue implementing and perfecting the institution to strongly and synchronously renovate management mechanism, organization and scientific and technological activities under Resolution No. 20-NQ / TW and Resolution No. 46 / NQ-CP dated 29 / 3/2013 of the Government promulgated Action Program to implement Resolution No. 20-NQ / TW. Implementing and effectively implementing S & T policies in legal documents, S & T development strategy in general and S & T development strategy in industry in particular in order to successfully contribute to the cause of industrialization, Modernize the country, make Vietnam basically become an industrial country by 2020.

Secondly, the establishment of a mechanism and policy linking S & T forces with the force, production units and training units to enhance the link between research and application and research. And training, ensuring the research results are applied and directly served for production and business, increase the value of science and technology in all activities, products and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises; It is necessary to develop and concretize the effective management mechanism in attaching the responsibilities of researchers and industrial enterprises in the application of research results to production, with supportive policies to encourage enterprises The industry applies the results of research in the country.

Fourthly, to formulate and promulgate specific policies for research activities in a number of key technologies and spearheads in the industry ... At the same time, to restructure the industry along the following directions: Bringing technology directly into production tools, creating higher added value products.

Friday, continue to issue policies to mobilize the resources of corporations, corporations to invest in science and technology activities, accelerate the establishment and establishment of science and technology development fund of corporations, corporations and Enterprises shall comply with the regulations in order to make full use of the State's preferences for scientific and technological activities and promote the dynamism and autonomy of enterprises in research, development and application and renewal of technologies in order to increase production efficiency. Business and enhance competitiveness in the international arena.

1) Câu trực tiếp là câu nói của ai đó được trích dẫn lại nguyên văn và thường được để trong dấu ngoặc kép (“… ”)

Ví dụ:

+ Mary said “ I don’t like ice-cream”. (Cô ấy nói rằng: “Tôi không thích kem”.)

Ta thấy trong dấu ngoặc kép là lời nói trực tiếp của Mary và nó được trích dẫn lại một cách nguyên văn.

Câu gián tiếp là câu tường thuật lại lời nói của người khác theo ý của người tường thuật và ý nghĩa không thay đổi.

Ví dụ:

+ Mary said that she didn’t like ice-cream. (Mary nói cô ấy không thích kem.)

Ta thấy câu nói của Mary được tường thuật lại theo cách nói của người tường thuật và ý nghĩa thì vẫn giữ nguyên.

- My mother said “I want you to study harder.” (Mẹ tôi nói “Mẹ muốn con học hành chăm chỉ hơn.)

Ta có: - Động từ “said” được gọi là “Động từ giới thiệu”

- Động từ “want” là động từ chính trong câu trực tiếp.

- “I” là chủ ngữ trong câu trực tiếp

- “you” là tân ngữ trong câu trực tiếp

- My mother said / told me that she wanted me to study harder. (Mẹ tôi nó bà ấy muốn tôi học hành chăm chỉ hơn)

Ta thấy các thành phần như “động từ giới thiệu”, động từ chính, các đại từ (I/you/…) trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp đều phải biến đổi.

Vậy những thành phần nào cần biến đổi, và biến đổi như thế nào, ta sẽ đi vào từng loại câu cụ thể.

1. Các thành phần cần biến đổi trong câu gián tiếp:

* Các đại từ: Ta cần thay đổi đại từ sao cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh trong câu

2. Khi trong dấu ngoặc kép là một câu trần thuật (là một câu khẳng định và mang nghĩa kể lại, trần thuật lại điều gì đó).

- Ta cần biến đổi các đại từ cho phù hợp với ý nghĩa của câu

- Các động từ giới thiệu thường dùng là: say (that), tell sb (that)

* Nếu động từ giới thiệu chia ở các thì hiện tại, hoặc tương lai:

-> ta không cần lùi thì động từ chính trong câu gián tiếp

Ví dụ:

- She says “I don’t want to stay at home every day.”

-> She says / tells me that she doesn’t want to stay at home every day.

Ta thấy trong dấu ngoặc kép là một câu trần thuật, và động từ giới thiệu “says” chia thì hiện tại đơn nên động từ trong câu trực tiếp không lùi thì (giữ nguyên thì) trong câu gián tiếp. Các đại từ cần thay đổi cho phù hợp nghĩa là: I -> she

* Nếu động từ giới thiệu chia ở các thì quá khứ:

-> Ta cần lùi thì động từ chính trong câu gián tiếp

Ví dụ:

- She said “My father is travelling in America”.

-> She said that her father was travelling in America.

Ta thấy động từ giới thiệu “said” chia quá khứ đơn nên động từ trong câu trực tiếp (chia ở hiện tại tiếp diễn) phải lùi thì trong câu gián tiếp (thì quá khứ tiếp diễn).

3. Khi trong dấu ngoặc kép là câu hỏi.

* Nếu trong dấu ngoặc kép là câu hỏi không có từ hỏi.

-> Trong câu gián tiếp thêm “if” hoặc “whether” và mệnh đề theo sau biến đổi về dạng khẳng định.

-> Động từ giới thiệu thường sử dụng: ask, wonder

Ví dụ:

- She said “Do you want to go with me?”

-> She asked if I wanted to go with her.

- Mary said “Do you go to school by bus, Peter?”

-> Mary asked Peter whether he went to school by bus.

* Nếu trong dấu ngoặc kép là câu hỏi có từ hỏi (what/where/when/how/who/…)

-> Trong câu gián tiếp phải biến đổi mệnh đề sau từ hỏi về dạng khẳng định.

-> Động từ giới thiệu thường sử dụng: ask, wonder, want to know

Ví dụ:

- He asked “what time will you come?”

-> He asked what time I would come.

3. Khi trong dấu ngoặc kép là câu mệnh lệnh thức.

-> Ta xét nghĩa của câu rồi sử dụng các cấu trúc cho phù hợp.

* Khi câu mệnh lệnh thức trong dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa yêu cầu, đề nghị ai đó làm gì ta có thể sử dụng các cấu trúc sau:

- tell/ ask/ require/ request/ demand + sb + to do st: Yêu cầu, đề nghị hay đòi hỏi ai làm gì.

Ví dụ:

- She said to me “close the door!”

-> She asked me to close the door.

* Khi trong dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa ra lệnh ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau:

- order sb to do st: ra lệnh cho ai làm gì.

- He said to me angrily “go out!”.

-> He ordered me to go out.

4. Các trường hợp khác:

* Khi trong dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa đề nghị làm gì cho ai ta sử dụng cấu trúc:

- offer to do st:

- He said “Shall I make you a cup of coffee?”

-> He offered to make me a cup of coffee.

*Khi trong dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa khuyên bảo ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau:

- advise sb to do st: khuyên ai đó nên làm gì.

Ví dụ:

- He said to me “You should go to bed early”.

-> He advised me to go to bed early.

* Khi trong dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa mời mọc ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau:

- invite sb to do st

Ví dụ:

- My friend said “Will you go the zoo with me?”

-> My friend friend invited me to go to the zoo with her.

* Khi trong dấu ngoặc kép là câu cảm thán ta sử dụng động từ “exclaim”

Ví dụ:

- She said “What an intelligent boy!”

-> She exclaimed that the boy was intelligent.

* Khi trong dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa xin lỗi ta sử dụng cấu trúc:

- apologize (to sb) for st/ for doing st: xin lỗi (ai) về điều gì/ vì đã làm gì

Ví dụ:

- She said "I'm sorry. I'm late."

-> She apologized for being late.

* Khi trong dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa nhắc nhở ta sử dụng cấu trúc:

- remind sb to do st: Nhắc nhở ai làm gì

Ví dụ:

- My mother said "Don't forget to bring your umbrella."

-> My mother reminded me to bring my umbrella.

* Khi trong dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa buộc tội ai đó ta sử dụng cấu trúc:

- accuse sb of st/ doing st: Buộc tội ai về điều gì/ vì đã làm gì

Ví dụ:

- She said "No one else but you did it."

-> She accused me of doing it.

Tôi có thể giúp.

1) Do you mind if I take you home ?

2) I last met him three days ago.

3) That school has been built since last year.

4) Mai asked Lan if it was the final test.

5) Nam said that he could do that test.