Question

the role of science and technologyin our society nowadays

Answer 1

Almost everything that we see around us is the gift of science and technology. Be it the smart-phones, fan, wheel, vehicles, etc., everything is the result of science and technology.
It helps us save time & money – Various contributions of science and technology have helped us save time and money. Various objects and devices like computers, modes of transport, washing machines or just anything else help us save our time and money.
Science & technology have made significant contribution in the education field as well. With the help of internet, we do not only get immense knowledge on science and other subjects, but we also get to stay connected with our friends and family, continuously.
It helps us live a better life. Technology has benefited us in receiving those treatments through various ways and devices like X-ray, scan machines, operation devices, pacemaker and much more! Nowadays, online doctor and other things that help us maintain good health and life.
Henceforth, with the help of science and technology, let’s make world a better place, for you, me & the entire human race!

Answer 2

Representatives from Mexico, the USA and Canada met in Alberta, Canada, to examine the impact of scientific change on society and its governance. Preparing for the 1999 World Conference on Science, the group looked at many aspects of the links between science and society — strengths, weaknesses, benefits, pitfalls and possible future directions. The full report and its appendices summarizes the group’s reflections and is addressed to the World Conference on Science.

Brief presentations on four selected topics where the applications of science affect virtually everyone — agriculture and food production, genetic research in medicine, global change, and energy — helped to ground the discussion in real issues. By intention, many points raised cut across the specific introductory topics. The report groups the resulting discussion under six broad themes: science in transition; communication and education; North-South issues; economics versus sustainable development; science policy and ethics; and integrating issues.

The meeting was not intended to define an official North American position; rather, participants were invited in their capacity as professional scientists, to present their personal perspectives on the changing role of science in society and governance in an open forum. From this frank and penetrating exchange, a number of general observations and conclusions emerged that are relevant to the concept and agenda of the World Science Conference. These are accompanied by suggestions for action recommended by some or several participants.

Science in Transition

In the past, our scientific methods and institutions have tended to emphasize the study of individual natural processes rather than systems, analysis more than synthesis, and understanding nature more than predicting its behaviour. And in many instances, science has focussed on short-term, small-scale problems, often in monodisciplinary mode, rather than on long-term, large-scale or integrated problems. While these approaches and perspectives have built up a considerable base of knowledge and led to a vast portfolio of useful technologies, especially in the 20th century, many of the problems now facing humankind can be solved only if we approach science more holistically. Greater effort is needed to understand integrated natural systems on multiple time and space scales.

Scientific findings must also be applied at the right scales. The impact of technological interventions on individual people, communities and the environment must also be carefully considered. To do this, science needs to become more multidisciplinary and its practitioners should continue to promote cooperation and integration between the social and natural sciences. A holistic approach also demands that science draw on the contributions of the humanities (such as history and philosophy), local knowledge systems, aboriginal wisdom, and the wide variety of cultural values.

The influence of science on people’s lives is growing. While recent benefits to humanity are unparalleled in the history of the human species, in some instances the impact has been harmful or the long-term effects give causes for serious concerns. A considerable measure of public mistrust of science and fear of technology exists today. In part, this stems from the belief by some individuals and communities that they will be the ones to suffer the indirect negative consequences of technical innovations introduced to benefit only a privileged minority. The power of science to bring about change places a duty on scientists to proceed with great caution both in what they do and what they say. Scientists should reflect on the social consequences of the technological applications or dissemination of partial information of their work and explain to the public and policy makers alike the degree of scientific uncertainty or incompleteness in their findings. At the same time, though, they should not hesitate to fully exploit the predictive power of science, duly qualified, to help people cope with environmental change, especially in cases of direct threats like natural disasters or water shortages.

The current trend toward privatization in many countries is influencing the focus and practice of science. While in some instances the net result may be to increase research capacity and knowledge in selected areas, there is major concern that the trend may be undermining public-sector science, especially fundamental research and efforts to solve socially important problems of no interest to commercial enterprises. Patent protection of private intellectual property, for example, makes the job of public research more difficult. There is also concern over the social implications of private ownership and control of technology, and its effect on broad public scientific literacy, and on options for public choice.

Another major trend shaping science is globalization. The end of the Cold War, growing technology demand from emerging economies, world recognition of the interconnectedness of the planet’s biophysical systems and improved communications, especially via the Internet -- all these forces are boosting cross-border scientific cooperation and information exchange between individual researchers, institutions and governments. However, much of the expansion is occurring in just a handful of scientifically advanced countries. For science to be truly global, more effort is needed to ensure all countries, rich and poor, and a wide range of world cultures are included in collaborative research and technology transfer. This is especially important in areas like global climate change which will affect, sooner or later, all human beings. With the right policies in place, joint scientific work in critical areas such as the Arctic, for example, could serve as a model for other types of global cooperation.

A major challenge for global science is to find institutional arrangements conducive to success. The proliferation of international networks and programs, the so-called "acronym jungle", reflects a rather ad hoc approach, necessitated in part by the narrowness of purposes of established scientific institutions and the lack of strategic, integrated support by national governments in areas like global change or international aid. What is needed is the formation of true international partnerships that allow scientists in different disciplines and countries to fully support each other’s aims and share resources and management duties to mutual advantage.

Answer 3

The role of science and technology in the development of the industry

Science and technology are always identified as key to our country's innovation, especially in the process of industrialization and modernization. A developed industry is always based on advanced science and technology and vice versa, developed industry will facilitate the development of science and technology ... Confirmed key role

In the cause of building and developing the country, especially since the implementation of the comprehensive reform, the Party and State have had good orientation and direction on the position and role of science and technology. Technology (S & T) for the socio-economic development in general and for the development of the industry in particular. Along with the completion of the legal document system, the S & T potential has been strengthened and many scientific and technological achievements have been widely applied in the fields of industry, agriculture, health and information. , Construction ... The system of national standards and technical regulations has been further improved; The promotion, search, exchange and technology transfer activities are promoted. National S & T funds, national technology innovation funds have been established and operated, promoting effectiveness. Technical infrastructure and information science and technology have developed rapidly. The connection between supply and demand has been strengthened and initially some models of linking institutes, schools with enterprises in science and technology activities have been established.

The reality is that the results of scientific research have focused on solving the requirements of production, rational use of energy and resources, development of alternative sources of raw materials, To apply advanced and modern technologies and manufacture equipment and production lines for production. Many scientific research projects have been successfully applied, contributing to meet the domestic demand for socio-economic development. So far, most of the mechanical products of the eight mechanical disciplines identified in the Sector Development Strategy have been supported (hydro, hydro, cement, electrical and thermal). The technological level of the mechanical industry has been improved remarkably. Most of the advanced technologies in the world in the field of design, fabrication and processing have been approached by research and business establishments. Typically, we have mastered the technology of designing and manufacturing hydro-mechanical equipment systems for large hydro power plants.

However, in general, the mobilization policy for financial investment in science and technology research in industry is limited today, mainly from the state budget. The mobilization and exploitation of resources of units in the ministries and sectors such as corporations, corporations, research institutes, universities, enterprises are limited.

The orientation, focusing research potentials, solve major and urgent problems for the industrial sector is spread out; Particular policies and solutions to create breakthroughs in the fields of industry in which Vietnam has advantages are unclear; The spearhead science and technology fields, which have reached the advanced level and are capable of competing equally with the region and the world, have not yet been formed.

The performance of science and technology organizations is not high; The number of establishment of science and technology enterprises is still limited, so the application of results in production and business activities is not high. Moreover, the financial support mechanism in the use of funds from non-business sources is not scientific, inconsistent, administrative procedures have not really linked the cost with the end result, causing much loss. Time in completing disbursement procedures.

The link between research activities and strategies, sectoral and sectoral development plans and research missions is limited. Leading research staff in some industries is limited, not encouraging high-level overseas knowledge workers to actively participate in S & T research. In particular, there is no policy to support risk compensation in research and application of research results, so it has somewhat limited the participation in testing the application of industrial enterprises.

The policy on investment in science and technology is still limited, mainly from the state budget. The mobilization and exploitation of resources of units in the ministries and sectors such as corporations, corporations, research institutes, universities, science and technology enterprises are limited.

The main reason is that investment methods, financial mechanism in science and technology activities are slow to change, not suitable with the nature of science and technology activities, reducing creative ability, causing difficulties and forcing scientists. Must find ways to deal with the payment procedures to perform the task. Enterprises have not paid much attention to investing in science and technology, mainly based on state budget. In particular, the management mechanism is lacking in synchronization, making it difficult to mobilize resources, borrow capital for research, technology transfer, production and business.

Spending resources on science and technology development industry

In order to limit the existence and effective implementation of proper policies and guidelines of the Party and the State, experts said that it is necessary to have a clear orientation on science and technology policy for industrial development. . Specific:

Firstly, continue implementing and perfecting the institution to strongly and synchronously renovate management mechanism, organization and scientific and technological activities under Resolution No. 20-NQ / TW and Resolution No. 46 / NQ-CP dated 29 / 3/2013 of the Government promulgated Action Program to implement Resolution No. 20-NQ / TW. Implementing and effectively implementing S & T policies in legal documents, S & T development strategy in general and S & T development strategy in industry in particular in order to successfully contribute to the cause of industrialization, Modernize the country, make Vietnam basically become an industrial country by 2020.

Secondly, the establishment of a mechanism and policy linking S & T forces with the force, production units and training units to enhance the link between research and application and research. And training, ensuring the research results are applied and directly served for production and business, increase the value of science and technology in all activities, products and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises; It is necessary to develop and concretize the effective management mechanism in attaching the responsibilities of researchers and industrial enterprises in the application of research results to production, with supportive policies to encourage enterprises The industry applies the results of research in the country.

Third, intensive investment options focus on a number of important areas to meet the research requirements; Link with investment projects of economic groups to create Vietnam's key commodity products that are highly competitive and bring about economic efficiency.

Fourthly, to formulate and promulgate specific policies for research activities in a number of key technologies and spearheads in the industry ... At the same time, to restructure the industry along the following directions: Bringing technology directly into production tools, creating higher added value products.

Fifth, to attach importance to the implementation of investment policies, raising the potentials and capacity of R & D of research institutes, corporations and corporations in key industries. Developing research results into semi-technological scale, confirming technology before development on an industrial scale.

Friday, continue to issue policies to mobilize the resources of corporations, corporations to invest in science and technology activities, accelerate the establishment and establishment of science and technology development fund of corporations, corporations and Enterprises shall comply with the regulations in order to make full use of the State's preferences for scientific and technological activities and promote the dynamism and autonomy of enterprises in research, development and application and renewal of technologies in order to increase production efficiency. Business and enhance competitiveness in the international arena.