Bài 1:
(1) \(2Al_2O_3\xrightarrow[Criolit]{đpnc}4Al+3O_2\)
(2) \(2Al+2NaOH+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
(3) \(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
(4) \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
(5) \(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow2Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3BaSO_4\downarrow\)
(6) \(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
(7) \(Al\left(OH\right)_3+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
(8) \(AlCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\downarrow\)
Bài 2:
\(\%m_{Al_2O_3\left(\text{trong quặng boxit}\right)}=100\%-25\%=75\%\)
=> \(m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{250.75}{100}=187,5\left(kg\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Al_2O_3\xrightarrow[Criolit]{đpnc}4Al+3O_2\)
Theo PTHH: từ 1 mol Al2O3 tạo ra 2 mol Al
=> Từ 102 (gam) Al2O3 tạo ra 54 (gam) Al
=> Từ 187,5 (kg) Al2O3 tạo ra x (kg) Al
=> \(\dfrac{102}{187,5}=\dfrac{54}{x}\)
=> \(m_{Al\left(\text{lý thuyết}\right)}=\dfrac{54.187,5}{102}=\dfrac{3375}{34}\left(kg\right)\)
Do \(H=80\%\)
=> \(m_{Al\left(\text{thực tế}\right)}=\dfrac{3375}{34}.\dfrac{80}{100}=\dfrac{1350}{7}\approx79,412\left(kg\right)\)
Vậy thu được 79,412 kg nhôm
Bài 3:
a) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(ĐK:a,b>0\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=27a\left(g\right)\\m_{Zn}=65b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow m_{hh}=m_{Al}+m_{Zn}=27a+65b=18,95\left(I\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(1\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\left(2\right)\)
Theo PTHH (1), (2): \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Zn}=1,5a+b\left(mol\right)\)
Mà \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> 1,5a + b = 0,4 (II)
Từ (I), (II) => Ta có hệ PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+65b=18,95\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ PT, ta được: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)
Hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Zn}=0,25.65=16,25\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy thành phần % theo khối lượng của các kim loại trong hh là:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{18,95}.100\%=14,25\%\\\%m_{Zn}=100\%-14,25\%=85,75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo PTHH (1), (2): \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,5}=1,6\left(l\right)=1600\left(ml\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=V_{ddHCl}.D_{ddHCl}=1600.1,1=1760\left(g\right)\)
Có: \(m_{H_2}=0,4.2=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{\text{dd sau pư}}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}\)
=> \(m_{\text{dd sau pư}}=18,95+1760-0,8=1778,15\left(g\right)\)
Theo PTHH (1): \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\)
Theo PTHH (2): \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,25.136=34\left(g\right)\)
Vậy C% của các chất trong dd sau phản ứng là:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{13,35}{1778,15}.100\%=0,751\%\\C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{34}{1778,15}.100\%=1,912\%\end{matrix}\right.\)