Project

UNIT 8. OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES

1. abundant /əˈbʌndənt/(adj):dồi dào, nhiều

2. acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/(v):chấp nhận, công nhận, thừa nhận

3. archaeological /ˌɑːkiəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ (adj):thuộc về khảo cổ học

4. authentic /ɔːˈθentɪk/(adj):thật, thực

5. breathtaking /ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/(adj):  đẹp đến ngỡ ngàng

6. bury /ˈberi/ (v):chôn vùi, giấu trong lòng đất

7. cave /keɪv/(n):hang động

8. citadel /ˈsɪtədəl/(n):thành trì (để bảo vệ khỏi bị tấn công)

9. complex /ˈkɒmpleks/(n): quẩn thể, tổ hợp

10. comprise /kəmˈpraɪz/(v): bao gổm, gổm

11. craftsman /ˈkrɑːftsmən/ (n):thợ thủ công

12. cruise /kruːz/ (n):chuyến du ngoạn trên biển

13. cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/(n):cách thức chế biến thức ăn, nấu nướng

14. decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/(v): trang trí

15. demolish /dɪˈmɒlɪʃ/(v):  đổ sập, đánh sập

16. distinctive /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/(adj):    nổi bật, rõ rệt, đặc trưng

17. dome /dəʊm/(n) : mái vòm

18. dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/(n):     triểu đại

19. emerge /iˈmɜːdʒ/ (v):     trồi lên, nổi lên

20. emperor /ˈempərə(r)/(n): đế vương, nhà vua

21. endow /ɪnˈdaʊ/(v):ban tặng

22. excavation /ˌekskəˈveɪʃn/(n):   việc khai quật

23. expand /ɪkˈspænd/ (v):  mở rộng

24. fauna /ˈfɔːnə/(n): hệ động vật

25. flora /ˈflɔːrə/(n): hệ thực vật

26. geological /ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/(a):   thuộc về địa chất

27. grotto /ˈɡrɒtəʊ/  (n): hang

28. harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/(a):  hài hòa

29. heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/(n):   di sản

30. imperial /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/ (a): thuộc về hoàng tộc

31. in ruins (idiom)/ˈruːɪn/ :bị phá hủy, đổ nát

32. intact /ɪnˈtækt/ (a): nguyên vẹn, không bị hư tổn

33. irresponsible /ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbl/ (a): thiếu trách nhiệm, vô trách nhiệm

34. islet /ˈaɪlət/(n):    hòn đảo nhỏ

35. itinerary /aɪˈtɪnərəri/ (n): lịch trình cho chuyến đi

36. landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/ (n):phong cảnh ( thiên nhiên)

37. lantern /ˈlæntən/ (n):đèn lồng

38. limestone /ˈlaɪmstəʊn/ (n):đá vôi

39. magnificent /mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/(a):  tuyệt đẹp

40. masterpiece /ˈmɑːstəpiːs/(n):   kiệt tác

41. mausoleum /ˌmɔːsəˈliːəm/ (n): lăng mộ

42. mosaic /məʊˈzeɪɪk/ (adj): khảm, chạm khảm

43. mosque /mɒsk/ (n): nhà thờ Hồi giáo

44. outstanding /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ (adj) : nổi bật, xuất chúng

45. picturesque /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/(adj)  : đẹp theo kiểu cổ kính

46. poetic /pəʊˈetɪk/(adj):   mang tính chất thơ ca

47. preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/(v):   bảo tồn

+ preservation /ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/(n)    việc bảo tồn

48. relic /ˈrelɪk/(n):   cổ vật

49. respectively /rɪˈspektɪvli/ (adv):theo thứ tự lắn lượt

50. royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ (adj): thuộc về nhà vua, hoàng gia

51. sanctuary /ˈsæŋktʃuəri/(n):thánh địa, địa điểm thẩn thánh

52. scenic /ˈsiːnɪk/ (adj): có cảnh quan đẹp

53. subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ (adj):tiếp theo, kế tiếp

54. tomb /tuːm/(n):   lăng mộ

55. worship /ˈwɜːʃɪp/(n): thờ cúng, tôn thờ

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

I. PARTICIPLE AND TO - INFINITIVE CLAUSES

1. Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng một quá khứ phân từ để thay thế cho một mệnh để quan hệ mà động từ chia ở thể bị động.

Ex:          a.            They live in a house that was built in 1890.

→ They live in a house built in 1890.

b.            The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.

→ The ideas presented in that book are interesting.

c.             The ancient houses which were destroyed by the fire are now under reconstruction.

→ The ancient houses destroyed by the fire are now under reconstruction.

2. Hiện tại phần từ được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thì tiếp diễn, hoặc diễn tả một thói quen hay một điều ước.

Ex:          a.            The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.

→ The boy playing the piano is Ben.

b.            We have a house which overlooks the park.

→ We have a house overlooking the park.

c.             The man who spoke to John is my brother.

→ The man speaking to John is my brother.

3. Động từ nguyên thể có “to” được sử dụng sau: the first, the second, etc, the next, the last, the only và đôi khi dùng sau cấp so sánh cao nhất như the most famous, the oldest.

Ex:          a.            Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.

→ Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.

b.            The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.

→ The last person to leave the room must turn off the light.

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

I. Choose the correct words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. If you buy stolen relics, you will help to create a black market, to lead / leading to further destruction of the heritage site.

2. The final thing to remember / remembering is to admire the corals from a distance and not to break off any pieces to take home as souvenirs.

3. The tour guide taking / to take us to Ha Long Bay can speak three languages.

4. At the end of this corridor there is a gate leading / leaded to the main door of the temple.

5. The Taj Mahal complex, recognized / recognizing as a World Heritage Site in 1983, includes the tomb, the mosque, the guest house, and the main gate.

6. Here are some of the things to avoid / avoiding when visiting a heritage site.

7. Many of the items such as rings, key chains, or souvenirs are made of unusual shells or unique stones illegally removed / to remove from the protected areas.

8. The pagoda damaged / damaging in the storm has now been rebuilt.

9. That man was selling unusual relics illegally removed / removing from the protected area of this heritage site.

10. Visitors should avoid shops to sell / selling unusual relics from the area.

II. Put the correct words for the sentences below.

preservation                      archaeological                 complex                               cultural                                 intact

heritage                               relics                                      excavations                        dynasties                             attraction

1. A lot of ancient houses in Ho An remain ________________________ even after several hundred years.

2. A lot of _____________________ from ancient times are on display at the national heritage museum.

3. During the different _____________________, the Thang Long Imperial Citadel was expanded.

4. What is special about Hoi An Ancient Town is that it is in a good state of _____________________.

5. The old houses have been pulled down in order to build a modern residential _____________________.

6. These historic buildings are an important part of Hanoi's ______________________ and should be preserved.

7. The archaeological _____________________ that led to the discovery of the ancient city lasted several years.

8. The tour of the cave and grotto system is the main _____________________ for tourists in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park.

9. At the Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, visitors can see the _____________________ site at 18 Hoang Dieu street and several famous monuments.

10. In December 1993, UNESCO recognised the Complex of Hue monuments as a World _____________________ Heritage Site - the first site in Vietnam to be added to the World Heritage list.

III. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line.

1. Cuc Phuong National Park is also a(n) ____________________________ zone of fauna. (ABUNDANCE)

2. A number of caves in Huong Son Complex are ________________________ sites belonging to the Hoa Binh Culture dated back to over 10,000 years. (ARCHAEOLOGY)

3. Set in a quiet environment, Hoi An is _______________________ by peaceful villages that have crafts such as carpentry, bronze making, and ceramic. (SURROUNDING)

4. Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park is one of the finest and most _______________________ examples of a complex limestone landform in Southeast Asia. (DISTINCT)

5. The _________________________ work in Con Moong Cave area has been carried out for several years. (EXCAVATE)

6. Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park can be compared to a huge _________________ museum. (GEOLOGY)

7. Last year, we came to the heritage site and beautiful ____________________ of West Yen Tu. (LAND)

8. The Champa Kingdom was vividly _____________________ by the ruins of My Son. (ILLUSTRATE)

9. The basic architectural and landscape features of the Complex of Hue Monuments have been maintained intact since their original _____________________ in the early 19^t century. (CONSTRUCT)

10. Yen Tu is a complex of _________________ masterpieces located in a beautiful landscape. (ARCHITECT)

IV. Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses

1.      Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.

@....................................................................................................................................................................................

2.      Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.

@....................................................................................................................................................................................

3.      John, who was taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.

@....................................................................................................................................................................................

4.      The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.

@....................................................................................................................................................................................

5.      We drove along the road that was still flooded after the heavy rain.

@....................................................................................................................................................................................

6.      The first scientist who is researching the causes of cancer is making progress.

@....................................................................................................................................................................................

7.      The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind

@....................................................................................................................................................................................

8.      The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.

@....................................................................................................................................................................................

9.      The winner of the marathon, who was breathing deeply and smiling at the crowd, raised her right hand and waved.

@....................................................................................................................................................................................

Combine these pairs of sentences, using participles or infinitive phrases.

10.  Any student who does not want to go on the trip should inform the office.

@....................................................................................................................................................................................

11.  Do you know the woman?  He is coming toward us

@...................................................................................................................................................................................

12.  The people was waiting for the bus in the rain. They are getting wet.

@...................................................................................................................................................................................

13.  I come from a city. It is located in the southern part of the country.

@...................................................................................................................................................................................

14.  They live in a house. The house was built in

@...................................................................................................................................................................................

15.  He was the first man who left the burning building.

@...................................................................................................................................................................................

16.  The couple live in the house next door. they are both college professors

@...................................................................................................................................................................................

17.  The students did not come to the class yesterday. They  explain their absence to the teacher.

@...................................................................................................................................................................................

18.  Did you get the message ? It concerned the special meeting ?

@...................................................................................................................................................................................

19.  The books are on that shelf. They are mine.

@...................................................................................................................................................................................

20.  The psychologists study the nature of sleep . They have made important discoveries.