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Các phiên bản khácUNIT 7. CULTURAL DIVERSITY
A. NỘI DUNG CẦN GHI NHỚ:
I. Vocabulary:
- culture (n) – cultural (adj)
- diversity (n) = variety
- proposal ceremony (n)
- engagement ceremony (n)
- reception (n)
- complicated (adj)= complex
- expense (n) – expensive (adj)
- bride (n)
- bridesmaid (n)
- groom (n)
- groomsman (n)
- superstitious (adj) – superstition (n)
- favourable (adj)
- altar (n)
- ritual (n)
- funeral (n)
- ancestor (n)= forefather
- originate (v)
- prestigious (adj)
- fortune (n)
- prosperity (n) – prosperous (adj)
- table manner (n)
- approve (v) – approval (n)>< disapproval (n)
- newly-wed (n)
- background (n)
- characteristic (n)
- prestige (n) – prestigious (adj)
- individual (adj)/(n) – individuality (n)
- practical (adj)
- legal (adj) >< illegal (adj)
- symbolize(v) – symbol (n)
- present (v) – present (n)
- self-reliance (n) – rely (v) – reliable (adj) – reliance (n)
- embarrass (v) – embarrassed (adj) – embarrassment (n)
II. Phrasal verbs/ structures:
- to waste money on sth
- no matter what…
- to play an important part in….
- to have influence on …
- to place great value on…
- to provide sb with sth
- to object to sb/sth/V-ing sth.
- to involve in…
- to be / get engaged to sb
- to be/ get married to sb
- to propose to sb: to ask sb to marry you
- to arrange / plan a wedding
- to make a toast to the bride and groom
III. Pronunciation:
- The change of stress pattern of a two-syllable word.
Ex: pre`sent (v): tặng quà, đưa ra à `present (n): món quà
IV. Grammar:
1. Comparison:(Revision)
Equality (So sánh bằng)
S + V + as + adj/adv + as + N/pronoun
S + V + not + so/as + adj/adv + N/Pronoun
Ex:
- She is as stupid as I/me
- This boy is as tall as that one.
- Population of
(Không lặp lại từ đã dùng ở chủ ngữ, thay bằng các đại từ như one, that)
2. Comparatives and superlatives
a.Comparative (So sánh hơn)
Short adj/adv: S + V + adj/adv + er + than + N/pronoun
Long adj/adv: S + V + more + adj/adv + than + N/pronoun
So sánh kém/ ít hơn: S + V + less + adj/adv + than + N/pronoun.(không phân biệt tính từ/trạng từ ngắn dài)
Ex:
- She is taller than I/me
- This boy is more intelligent than that one.
- My close friend is less studious than me.
b. Superlative (So sánh nhất)
Short adj/adv:S + V + the + adj/adv + est + (N/pronoun)...
Long adj/adv:S + V + the most + adj/adv + (N/pronoun)...
So sánh ít/kém nhất:S + V + the least + adj/adv + (N/pronoun).(không phân biệt tính từ/trạng từ ngắn dài)
Ex:
- She is the tallest girl in the village. – She is the tallest in the village.
- He is the most gallant boy in his class. – This boy is the most gallant in his class.
- Tom is the least active boy in our neighbourhood.
Chú ý:
- Những tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng một phụ âm mà ngay trước nó là nguyên âm duy nhất thì chúng ta nhân đôi phụ âm lên rồi thêm "-er" trong so sánh hơn và "est" trong so sánh nhất.(ex:hot--> hotter/the hottest)
- Những tính từ có hai âm tiết kết thúc bằng chữ "-y" thì đổi "y" thành "i" rồi thêm "-er" trong so sánh hơn và "-est" trong so sánh nhất(ex: happy-->happier/the happiest)
- Những tính từ/trạng từ có hai âm tiết nhưng kết thúc bằng "-le","-et","-ow","-er"vẫn xem là tính từ ngắn (gentle, narrow, clever, quiet...à gentler/the gentlest)
- Các tính từ/ trạng từ so sánh bất quy tắc
o Good/well à better/the best
o Bad/badly àworse/the worst
o many(much) àmore/the most
o little àless/the least
o far àfarther(further)/the farthest(the furthest)
3. Articles: A/an – The
a.Cách dùng mạo từ bất định“a/an”
Dùng“an”trước những danh từ bắt đầu bằng các nguyên âm:e,a,i,u,o.Dùng a/an trong các trườnghợp sau:
Trước sự vật, sự việc được kể đến lần đầu tiên.
I live in a house near ashop.
She has two children: a son and a daughter.
Chỉ nghề nghiệp:
I’m a student. My brother is an architect.
Trong các cụmtừ/ từ chỉ lượng: a pair of/ a little/ a few/…
Dùng trong câu cảm thán: what a + noun. What a beautiful flower! What a great party!
b.Cách dùng mạo từ xác định“the”
Dùng “the” trong các trường hợp sau:
Sự vật, sự việc kể đến lần thứ hai
I live in a house. The house is very nice.
She has two children: a son and a daughter. The son is a pupil. The daughter is very small.
Chỉ các yếu tố duy nhất: the sun, the moon, the earth, the sea…
Đi với tính từ:
The rich: những người giàu
The poor: những người nghèo
Trước từ chỉ biển, sông, khách sạn,quán bar, tên ban nhạc, tên các dãy núi, tên nhạc cụ….
Ex: the Nile, the Huong Giang hotel, the Mekong river, the
Chỉ quốc tịch: the Vietnamese, the Chinese……..
Trước tên của tập hợp nhiều bang, nhiều nước: the Asian , the United Nations, the
Trước một danh từ, với điều kiện danh từ này được xác định bằng một cụm từ hoặc một mệnh đề.
The girl in uniform (Cô gái mặc đồng phục)
The mechanic that I met (Người thợ máy mà tôi đã gặp) The place where I waited for him (Nơi mà tôi đợi anh ta)
Trước so sánh cao nhất, trước first (thứ nhất), second (thứnhì), only(duy nhất).... khi các từ này được dùng như tính từ hay đại từ.
The + họ (ở số nhiều) nghĩa là Gia đình ...
Ex:The Smiths = Gia đình Smith(vợ chồng Smith và các con)
c.Các trường hợp khôngdùng“the”
Trước danh từ đếm được, danh từ không đếm được nói chung
Books are good friends. Milk is good for you.
Trước tên quốc gia, tên châu lục, tiểu bang, thành phố, quận huyện, tên núi, tên hồ, tên đường.
Europe ,
Trước danh từ trừu tượng, trừ phi danh từ đó chỉ một trường hợp cá biệt.
Ex: Men fear death - Nhưng: The death of the president was unknown.
Trước tên gọi các bữa ăn: dinner, breakfast, lunch..
nhưng : The wedding breakfast was held in a beautiful garden.
Trước tên trường có tên riêngVD: Nguyen Hue high school
Trước các danh từ đi cùng với số đếm:
Ex: Chapter one, World War two
Trước tên của bất kỳ môn thể thao nào. Football, basketball, tennis...
Trước tên các ngày lễ tết. Christmas, Autumn Festival, Tet...
Trước tên các môn học nói chung: mathematics, literature....
Trước tên các loại hình âm nhạc: jazz, classical music....
B. BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP:
I. Phonetic: Choose the word which has difference stress pattern:
1. A. wedding B. engage C. happy D. party
2. A. expense B. success C. ritual D. believe
3. A. affect B. woman C. approve D. depend
4. A. asleep B. custom C. culture D. manner
5. A. knowledge B. married C. bridesmaid D. exchange
II. Vocabulary and expressions:
Exercise 1.Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:
1. There is a wedding _________ for all the guests after the wedding ceremony.
A. proposal B. reception C. anniversary D. celebration
2. A__________is the person who keeps the bride calm, help her ready and looks after her dress.
A. groom B. bridegroom C. bridesmaid D. groomsman
3. As a country with many mysteries and legends,
A. superstition B. superstitious C. superstitive D. superstitiously
4. I see a lot of ___________ between Vietnamese and British cultures.
A. similar B. similarly C. similarity D. similarities
5. Jack and Rose need the _________ of their parents before holding a wedding ceremony.
A. approve B. approving C. approval D. approvable
III. Grammar:
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the comparative and superlative of the adjectives in brackets.
1. A cut is _________________________ (painful) than an insect bite.
2.The weather this summer is even (bad) __________________________ than last summer.
3. Apartments are usually _________________________ (cheap) than separate houses.
4. A tumour is _________________________ (bad) of all diseases.
5. He was the (clever) _____________________ thief of all.
6. A man is normally___________________________ (strong) than a woman.
7. This flower is (beautiful) _____________________ than that one.
8. This is the (interesting) _______________________ book I have ever read.
9. Fruit and vegetables are ____________________________ (healthy) than fast food.
10. Fish is one of ___________________________ (nutritious) food possible.
11. Non-smokers usually live (long) _____________________ than smokers.
12. Which is the (dangerous) ___________________ animal in the world?
Exercise 2. Are the following sentences right (Ö) or wrong (x)? Mark them with (Ö ) or (x) and correct the mistakes.
1. Syrups are gooder than pills in treating a sore throat.___________________
2. Ointments are the most effective medicines for bruises. __________________
3. Inhalers are best for breathing problems. __________________
4. My Latin class is more boring than my English class._____________________
5. In the
6.
7. My garden is a lot colourful than this park. __________________
8. Yesterday the weather was much more nicerthan it istoday. ___________________
9. Amanda is the most ambitious than her classmates. ____________________
10. This is the most interesting type of recreation. __________________________
Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the comparative and superlative of the adjectives in brackets
1. My brother has a (tidy) _______________room than me.
2.
3. I'm (good) _______________ now than yesterday.
4. She's got (little) _______________ money than you, but she doesn't care.
5. He thinks Chinese is (difficult) _______________ language in the world
6.
7. Cats are not (intelligent) _______________ as dogs.
8. Show me (good) _______________ restaurant downtown.
9. (hot) _______________ desert of all is the Sahara and it's in
10. Who is (talkative) _______________ person in your family?
Exercise 4. Choose the best correct answer
1.My father is happy because I get ............... results at school.
a. bad b. good c. intelligent d. well
2.My English this term is ............. than that of last year.
a. good b. gooder c. better d. best
3.Her math result is .............. than her English result.
a. bad b. badly c. worse d. well
4.Detective books are..................... than science fiction ones.
a. more interesting b. interestingly c. interestinger d. interesting
5.Lan is ................... than her sister.
a. lazy b. lazily c. lazier d. lazilier
6.He feels ........... than last year because his study results are .....................
a. happy/ good b. happier/ gooder c. more happy/more good d. happier/better
7.Of the three girls, Helen, Susan, and Maria, Susan is the ………….. character we know.
a. more funny b. funnier c. most funny d. funniest
8.He is ............. at maths than at any other subjects.
a. better b. more good c. goodlier d. gooder
9.Phuong can speak English ............. than Minh.
a. more fluent b. fluently c. fluent d. more fluently
10.The ship was the ………… I had ever seen.
a. most largest b. largest c. larger d. more larger
11.Her voice is ................. than her sister's.
a. beautiful b. more beautiful c. beautifully d. more beautifully
12. Her literature result is much ................... than it was last year.
a. good b. well c. more well d. better
13.Cinderrella danced ............... than any other girls at the ball.
a. more graceful b. gracefuler c. gracefully d. more gracefully
14.Helen is the ………… of the two sisters.
a. more kinder b. kindest c. kinder d. most kindest
15.David was ………… than John.
a. well b. good c. better d. best
16.Dorothy is the ………….. student in the class, based on her high grades.
a. smartest b. more smarter c. smarter d. smart
17.William does …………… in English classes than David and John.
a. better b. well c. good d. best
18.This building is ………… than that one.
a. beautifuler b. beautifulest c. the most beautiful d. more beautiful
19.Dorothy promised to be …………. with her money.
a. carefuler b. more careful c. most carefulest d. more carefuler
20.In my opinion,
a. most loveliest b. more lovelier c. loveliest d. most lovely
Exercise 5. Give the correct form of the given words to complete the following sentences:
1. Susan believes in ghosts and the world for the dead. She is so ___________. (SUPERSTITION)
2. Their ________ of the plan caused the experiment to be abandoned. (APPROVE)
3. He is so ___________ that he had an accident. (CARE)
4. Many women nowadays often seek financial _____________by going out to work. (DEPEND)
5. All the guests got dressed in ___________ costume. (NATION)
6. Boys and girls may behave ___________ in this situation. (DIFFERENCE)
7. The 23rd mascot eagle is the ___________ of elegance, strength and pride. (SYMBOLIZE)
8. Claulfied claimed they had _________ against him because of his nationality. (DISCRIMINATION)
9. There is no evidence of his direct __________ in the bombing. (INVOLVE)
10. The exact origin of the universe remains a ____________. (MYSTERIOUS)
Exercise 6. Fill in each blank with an article if necessary:
1. I want ____ apple from that basket.
2. ____ church in the corner is progressive.
3. Miss Lin speaks ____ Chinese.
4. I borrowed ____ pencil from your pile of pencils and pens.
5. One of the students said, "____ professor is late today."
6. Eli likes to play ____ volleyball.
7. I bought ____ umbrella to go out in the rain.
8. My daughter is learning to play ____ violin at her school.
9. Please give me ____ cake that is on the counter.
10.
11. ___ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
12.Our neighbors have ____ cat and ____ dog.
13. I want ______ new printer for Christmas.
14. Excuse me. Have you got ______ time?
15. It was ______ exciting movie.
16. I was four the first time I saw ______ elephant.
17. It's such ______ nice day that I think I'll go and read my book in the park.
18. My students like to do their activity books lying on ______ floor
19. I saw ______ eagle hovering high above the valley.
20. ______ huge ape ran out of the forest and stole my picnic hamper.
Exercise 7.
A. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
CULTURE SHOCK
Many people dream of living in a foreign country. It can be an amazing experience for those (1) .......... are willing to settle down in a new place. (2)........., there’s one potential problem you should be aware of: culture shock. Culture shock is the feeling we get from living in a place that is so different to where we grew up that we are not sure (3)............to deal with it. Societies are (4) ........... in many different ways. Customsand traditions can be very different and that can sometimes make it difficult to get onwith local people who might not approve (5).............things you do and might object tothings you say. You might be banned from doing things in another country that are perfectly legal in your own. For example, in
1. A. who B. which C. what D. whose
2. A. Therefore B. However C. Although D. Moreover
3. A. what B. when C. how D. why
4. A. organize B. organizing C. organization D. organized
5. A. of B. with C. on D. off
6. A. spend B. waste C. pay D. borrow
B. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
INTERNATIONAL GIFT-GIVING CUSTOMS
The tradition of gift giving is a worldwide practice that is said to have been around since the beginning of human beings. Over time, different cultures have developed their own gift-giving customs and traditions.
In
Beyond the gift itself, give careful consideration to the manner in which it is presented. Different cultures have different customs regarding how a gift should be offered - using only your right hand or using both hands, for example. Others have strong traditions related to the appropriate way to accept a gift. In
Understanding these traditions and customs, as well as taking time to choose an appropriate gift, will help you to avoid any awkwardness or embarrassment as you seek to build a better cross-cultural relationship.
1. When did the tradition of gift-giving become popular all over the world?
A. a long time ago B. two thousand years ago
C. since the beginning of humans D. since the beginning of industrialization
2. Which of the following is NOT true about gift-giving customs?
A. In France, wine is not considered a suitable gift for the hostess of a dinner party.
B. In Sweden, it is not customary to bring some wine or flowers when you are invited to a dinner party.
C. In Vietnam, such things as scissors, knives and other sharp objects shouldn't be used as a gift.
D. In Singapore, it is unacceptable to open the gift right in front of the giver.
3. The phrase "associated with" is closest in meaning to.........
A. connected with B. familiar with C. informed of D. similar to
4. The word "it" in paragraph 3 refer to.........
A. consideration B. manner C. gift D. culture
5. Which of the is the main idea of paragraph 3?
A. The people who are presented with gifts. B. The traditions of giving and receiving gifts.
C. The occasions of giving and receiving gifts. D. The manners of giving and receiving gifts.
--The end--
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