Bài tập cuối chương 1

Câu 1 (SGK trang 27)

Hướng dẫn giải

a)

\(\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{3}{5}:\left(-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{-2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{-2}{5}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(=0+\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

b)

\(2\dfrac{1}{3}+\left(-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{7}{3}+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{21}{9}+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{22}{9}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{44}{18}-\dfrac{27}{18}\)

\(=\dfrac{17}{18}\)

c)

\(\left(\dfrac{7}{8}-0,25\right):\left(\dfrac{5}{6}-0,75\right)^2\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{7}{8}-\dfrac{1}{4}\right):\left(\dfrac{5}{6}-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{7}{8}-\dfrac{2}{8}\right):\left(\dfrac{20}{24}-\dfrac{18}{24}\right)^2\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{8}:\left(\dfrac{1}{12}\right)^2\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{8}:\dfrac{1}{144}\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{8}.\dfrac{144}{1}\)

\(=90\)

d)

\(\left(-0,75\right)-\left[\left(-2\right)+\dfrac{3}{2}\right]:1,5+\left(-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{-3}{4}-\left[\left(-2\right)+\dfrac{3}{2}\right]:\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{-5}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{-3}{4}-\dfrac{-1}{2}:\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{-5}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{-3}{4}-\dfrac{-1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{-5}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{-3}{4}-\dfrac{-1}{3}+\dfrac{-5}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{-9}{12}-\dfrac{-4}{12}+\dfrac{-5}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{-5}{12}+\dfrac{-5}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{-5}{12}+\dfrac{-15}{12}\)

\(=\dfrac{-5}{3}\)

(Trả lời bởi Vanh Nek)
Thảo luận (2)

Câu 2 (SGK trang 27)

Hướng dẫn giải

a)

\(\dfrac{5}{23}+\dfrac{7}{17}+0,25-\dfrac{5}{23}+\dfrac{10}{17}\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{23}+\dfrac{7}{17}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{5}{23}+\dfrac{10}{17}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{5}{23}-\dfrac{5}{23}\right)+\left(\dfrac{7}{17}+\dfrac{10}{17}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(=0+1+\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(=1+\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

b)

\(\dfrac{3}{7}.2\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{3}{7}.1\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{7}.\dfrac{8}{3}-\dfrac{3}{7}.\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{7}.\left(\dfrac{8}{3}-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{7}.\left(\dfrac{16}{6}-\dfrac{9}{6}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{7}.\dfrac{7}{6}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

c)

\(13\dfrac{1}{4}:\left(-\dfrac{4}{7}\right)-17\dfrac{1}{4}:\left(-\dfrac{4}{7}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{53}{4}:\left(-\dfrac{4}{7}\right)-\dfrac{69}{4}:\left(-\dfrac{4}{7}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{53}{4}.\dfrac{-7}{4}-\dfrac{69}{4}.\dfrac{-7}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{-7}{4}.\left(\dfrac{53}{4}-\dfrac{69}{4}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{-7}{4}.\left(-4\right)\)

\(=7\)

d)

\(\dfrac{100}{123}:\left(\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{7}{12}\right)+\dfrac{23}{123}:\left(\dfrac{9}{5}-\dfrac{7}{15}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{100}{123}:\left(\dfrac{9}{12}+\dfrac{7}{12}\right)+\dfrac{23}{123}:\left(\dfrac{27}{15}-\dfrac{7}{15}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{100}{123}:\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{23}{123}:\dfrac{4}{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{100}{123}.\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{23}{123}.\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{4}.\left(\dfrac{100}{123}+\dfrac{23}{123}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{4}.1\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

(Trả lời bởi Vanh Nek)
Thảo luận (3)

Câu 3 (SGK trang 27)

Hướng dẫn giải

\(a.\dfrac{5^{16}.27^7}{125^5.9^{11}}=\dfrac{5^{16}.\left(3^3\right)^7}{\left(5^3\right)^5.\left(3^2\right)^{11}}=\dfrac{5^{16}.3^{21}}{5^{15}.3^{22}}=\dfrac{5}{3}\\ b.\left(0,2\right)^2.5-\dfrac{2^{13}.7^3}{4^6.9^5}\\ =0,04.5-\dfrac{2^{13}.7^3}{\left(2^2\right)^6.\left(3^2\right)^5}\\ =0,2-\dfrac{2^{13}.343}{2^{12}.3^{10}}\\ =\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{2.343}{59049}\\ =\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{686}{59049}\\ =0,1883825298\)

\(c.\dfrac{5^6+2^2.25^3+2^3.125^2}{26.5^6}\\ =\dfrac{5^6+2^2.\left(5^2\right)^3+2^3.\left(5^3\right)^2}{26.5^6}\\ =\dfrac{5^6+2^2.5^6+2^3.5^6}{26.5^6}\\ =\dfrac{5^6.\left(1+2^2+2^3\right)}{26.5^6}\\ =\dfrac{5^6.13}{26.5^6}=\dfrac{13}{26}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

(Trả lời bởi Tryechun🥶)
Thảo luận (1)

Câu 4 (SGK trang 27)

Hướng dẫn giải

a)

\(\begin{array}{l}A = \left[ {\left( { - 0,5} \right) - \frac{3}{5}} \right]:\left( { - 3} \right) + \frac{1}{3} - \left( { - \frac{1}{6}} \right):\left( { - 2} \right)\\ = \left( {\frac{{ - 5}}{{10}} - \frac{6}{{10}}} \right).\frac{{ - 1}}{3} + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{-1}{6}.\frac{{ - 1}}{2}\\ = \frac{{ - 11}}{{10}}.\frac{{ - 1}}{3} + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{12}\\ = \frac{{11}}{{30}} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{{ - 1}}{{12}}\\ = \frac{{22}}{{60}} + \frac{{20}}{{60}} - \frac{{ 5}}{{60}}\\ = \frac{{37}}{{60}}\end{array}\)

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}B = \left( {\frac{2}{{25}} - 0,036} \right):\frac{{11}}{{50}} - \left[ {\left( {3\frac{1}{4} - 2\frac{4}{9}} \right)} \right].\frac{9}{{29}}\\ = \left( {\frac{2}{{25}} - \frac{{36}}{{1000}}} \right).\frac{{50}}{{11}} - \left[ {\left( {\frac{{13}}{4} - \frac{{22}}{9}} \right)} \right].\frac{9}{{29}}\\ = \left( {\frac{{10}}{{125}} - \frac{9}{{250}}} \right).\frac{{50}}{{11}} - \left[ {\left( {\frac{{117}}{{36}} - \frac{{88}}{{36}}} \right)} \right].\frac{9}{{29}}\\ = \frac{{ 11}}{{250}}.\frac{{50}}{{11}} - \frac{{29}}{{36}}.\frac{9}{{29}}\\ = \frac{{ 1}}{{5}} - \frac{1}{4}\\ = \frac{{ 4}}{{20}} - \frac{{5}}{{20}}\\ = \frac{{ - 1}}{{20}}\end{array}\)

(Trả lời bởi Hà Quang Minh)
Thảo luận (1)

Câu 5 (SGK trang 27)

Hướng dẫn giải

a)

\(-\dfrac{3}{5}.x=\dfrac{12}{25}\)

\(x=\dfrac{12}{25}:\left(-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\)

\(x=\dfrac{12}{25}.\dfrac{-5}{3}\)

\(x=\dfrac{-4}{5}\)

b)

\(\dfrac{3}{5}x-\dfrac{3}{4}=-1\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{5}x-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{-3}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{5}x=\dfrac{-3}{2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{5}x=\dfrac{-6}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{5}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\)

\(x=\dfrac{-3}{4}:\dfrac{3}{5}\)

\(x=\dfrac{-3}{4}.\dfrac{5}{3}\)

\(x=\dfrac{-5}{4}\)

c)

\(\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{3}{5}:x=0,5\)

\(\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{3}{5}:x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{5}:x=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{2}{5}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{5}:x=\dfrac{5}{10}-\dfrac{4}{10}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{5}:x=\dfrac{1}{10}\)

\(x=\dfrac{3}{5}:\dfrac{1}{10}\)

\(x=\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{10}{1}\)

\(x=6\)

d)

\(\dfrac{3}{4}-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=1\dfrac{2}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{4}-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=\dfrac{5}{3}\)

\(x-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{5}{3}\)

\(x-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{9}{12}-\dfrac{20}{12}\)

\(x-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{-11}{12}\)

\(x=\dfrac{-11}{12}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(x=\dfrac{-11}{12}+\dfrac{6}{12}\)

\(x=\dfrac{-5}{12}\)

e)

\(2\dfrac{2}{15}:\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-5x\right)=-2\dfrac{2}{5}\)

\(\dfrac{32}{15}:\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-5x\right)=\dfrac{-12}{5}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{3}-5x=\dfrac{32}{15}:\dfrac{-12}{5}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{3}-5x=\dfrac{32}{15}.\dfrac{-5}{12}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{3}-5x=\dfrac{-8}{9}\)

\(5x=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{-8}{9}\)

\(5x=\dfrac{3}{9}+\dfrac{8}{9}\)

\(5x=\dfrac{11}{9}\)

\(x=\dfrac{11}{9}:5\)

\(x=\dfrac{11}{45}\)

g)

\(x^2+\dfrac{1}{9}=\dfrac{5}{3}:3\)

\(x^2+\dfrac{1}{9}=\dfrac{5}{9}\)

\(x^2=\dfrac{5}{9}-\dfrac{1}{9}\)

\(x^2=\dfrac{4}{9}\)

\(x^2=\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2\) hoặc \(x^2=\left(-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2\)

Nên \(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{3}\) hoặc \(x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)

(Trả lời bởi Vanh Nek)
Thảo luận (2)

Câu 6 (SGK trang 27)

Hướng dẫn giải

a) Diện tích hình thang ABCD là :

\(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{11}{3}+\dfrac{17}{2}\right)\times3}{2}=\dfrac{73}{4}\left(m^2\right)\)

b) Theo đầu bài:

\(\Rightarrow\) Diện tích hình thoi MNPQ bằng diện tích hình thang ABCD ở câu a nên diện tích hình thoi là \(\dfrac{73}{4}m^2\)

Độ dài NQ là:

\(2\times\dfrac{73}{4}:\dfrac{35}{4}=\dfrac{146}{35}\left(m\right)\)

(Trả lời bởi Tuyet)
Thảo luận (1)

Câu 7 (SGK trang 27)

Hướng dẫn giải

Đổi \(-3\dfrac{3}{4}=-\dfrac{15}{4}\)

Số hữu tỉ a là:

\(\left(-\dfrac{15}{4}.-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{3}{4}\right):\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{8}\)

(Trả lời bởi Van Toan)
Thảo luận (1)

Câu 8 (SGK trang 28)

Hướng dẫn giải

\(a,35,6^oF\)=\(\dfrac{5}{9}.\left(35,6-32\right)=2^oC\)

\(22,64^oF=\dfrac{5}{9}.\left(22,64-32\right)=-5,2^oC\)

Độ chênh lệch nhiệt độ từ 5 giờ chiều đến 10 giờ tối là:

\(2-\left(-5,2\right)=7,2\left(^oC\right)\)

Vậy ...

(Trả lời bởi Van Toan)
Thảo luận (1)

Câu 9 (SGK trang 28)

Hướng dẫn giải

Số tiền lãi mẹ của Minh nhận đc :

\(321600000-300000000=21600000\left(đồng\right)\)

Lãi xuất là:

\(21600000:300000000\times100\%=7,2\%\)

(Trả lời bởi Tuyet)
Thảo luận (1)

Câu 10 (SGK trang 28)

Hướng dẫn giải

Món hàng thứ nhất sau khi giảm có giá là:

\(125\,\,000.\left( {100 - 30} \right):100 = 87\,\,500\)(đồng)

Món hàng thứ hai sau khi giảm có giá là:

\(300\,000.\left( {100 - 15} \right):100 = 255\,\,000\)(đồng)

Giá tiền món hàng thứ ba khi đã giảm là:

692 500 – 87 500 – 255 000 = 350 000 (đồng)

Giá tiền món hàng thứ ba khi chưa giảm là:

\(350\,\,000:(100-40).100 ≈ 583333,333...\) (đồng)

Ta làm tròn số tiền lên cho hợp với đơn vị tiền tệ.

Vậy số tiền mà bác Thu cần trả cho món hàng thứ ba khoảng 584 000 (đồng).

(Trả lời bởi Hà Quang Minh)
Thảo luận (1)