Quan ho singing is a Vietnamese folk music style characterized both by its nature, with alternating groups of female and male singers issuing musical challenges and responses, and by the fact that most of the songs in the repertoire deal with topics of love and sentimentality as experienced by young adults.
Quan ho is recognised as the Intangible Cultural Heritage by the UNESCO in 2009.
The quan họ style originated in what is now Bac Ninh and was first recorded in the 13th century, and has traditionally been associated with the spring festivals that follow the celebration of Tet (the Vietnamese New Year). Historically, the singing began on the evening before the festival, but today it is much more common for the singing to occur on the main day of the festival. In general, an initial "challenge phrase" (câu ra) from the known body of songs is sung by a pair of female singers, following which a pair of male singers will respond by selecting and singing a "matching phrase" (câu đối), which must repeat the melody of the challenge phrase. Once they are finished, the order is reversed, and the men will issue their own challenge phrase with a different melody. While in the past the singing was unaccompanied, it is common today for the singers to be accompanied by instruments, whether traditional Vietnamese instruments or modern ones such as electric keyboards.
There are a huge number of quan họ melodies, with thousands of different songs having been recorded and written down in score form. A simpler variant of response song, allowing spoken responses and sung by boys and girls at village festivals is Trong Quan singing.
Vietnamese art has a long and rich history. The earliest examples of this art come from the Stone Age around 8,000 BC. For the thousand years under the domination of China beginning in the 2nd century BC, the influential Vietnamese influenced art certainly absorbed many influences from China, which also continued. even after independence from China in the 10th century. However, Vietnamese art has always retained many Vietnamese identities.
Like the literature of other countries in the world, Vietnamese literature consists of two parts: folklore and writing. Folk literature is the oral tradition of the people and literature consists of writing literature, literature and script language National language script....
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