\(a,\Leftrightarrow2x=\dfrac{4}{5}-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{1}{20}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{40}\\ b,\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3}x+3=-3\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3}x=-6\Leftrightarrow x=-18\\ c,\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-\dfrac{1}{3}\right|=\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{4}{15}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{4}{15}\\\dfrac{1}{3}-2x=\dfrac{4}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=\dfrac{3}{5}\\2x=\dfrac{1}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{10}\\x=\dfrac{1}{30}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(d,\Leftrightarrow2^x\left(1+2^3\right)=144\\ \Leftrightarrow2^x=\dfrac{144}{9}=16=2^4\\ \Leftrightarrow x=4\)