I. Read the passage carefully and decide if the following sentences are True or False: (1pt) Dear Ann, I am very glad to go to Mexico for my vacation. The food here is quite tasty and there is fr...

Dear Ann, I am very glad to go to Mexico for my vacation. The food here is quite tasty and there is fresh fruit everywhere. I have tried several of the local specialties. A lot of food is too spicy for me but I am familiar with it now and I find it delicious. I had a wonderful baked fish last night. I have also visited many famous places and have gone on some excursions. It’s really interesting. It has been cold and rainy most of the time, but I don’t mind as long as I can enjoy a warm meal and a cup of coffee with some friends in a Mexican Cafe. I wish you were here with me now. You will love it. Love,Helen. 1. Helen is going on a holiday with her family in Mexico. ……………………T……………………………………… 2. Helen used to eat spicy food. ………………F……………………………... 3. The weather has been wet and cold. ……………T……………………...… 4. She likes having a warm meal and a cup of coffee with Ann in Mexico. …………………F…………………………………Câu trả lời: Dear Ann, I am very glad to go to Mexico for my vacation. The food here is quite tasty and there is fresh fruit everywhere. I have tried several of the local specialties. A lot of food is too spicy for me but I am familiar with it now and I find it delicious. I had a wonderful baked fish last night. I have also visited many famous places and have gone on some excursions. It’s really interesting. It has been cold and rainy most of the time, but I don’t mind as long as I can enjoy a warm meal and a cup of coffee with some friends in a Mexican Cafe. I wish you were here with me now. You will love it. Love,Helen. 1. Helen is going on a holiday with her family in Mexico. ……………………T……………………………………… 2. Helen used to eat spicy food. ………………F……………………………... 3. The weather has been wet and cold. ……………T……………………...… 4. She likes having a warm meal and a cup of coffee with Ann in Mexico. …………………F…………………………………

mk chữa mấy câu Dear Ann, I am very glad to go to Mexico for my vacation. The food here is quite tasty and there is fresh fruit everywhere. I have tried several of the local specialties. A lot of food is too spicy for me but I am familiar with it now and I find it delicious. I had a wonderful baked fish last night. I have also visited many famous places and have gone on some excursions. It’s really interesting. It has been cold and rainy most of the time, but I don’t mind as long as I can enjoy a warm meal and a cup of coffee with some friends in a Mexican Cafe. I wish you were here with me now. You will love it. Love,Helen. 1. Helen is going on a holiday with her family in Mexico. …………………………T………………………………… 2. Helen used to eat spicy food. ……………………T………………………... 3. The weather has been wet and cold. …………………F………………...… 4. She likes having a warm meal and a cup of coffee with Ann in Mexico. ……………………F………………………………Câu trả lời: mk chữa mấy câu Dear Ann, I am very glad to go to Mexico for my vacation. The food here is quite tasty and there is fresh fruit everywhere. I have tried several of the local specialties. A lot of food is too spicy for me but I am familiar with it now and I find it delicious. I had a wonderful baked fish last night. I have also visited many famous places and have gone on some excursions. It’s really interesting. It has been cold and rainy most of the time, but I don’t mind as long as I can enjoy a warm meal and a cup of coffee with some friends in a Mexican Cafe. I wish you were here with me now. You will love it. Love,Helen. 1. Helen is going on a holiday with her family in Mexico. …………………………T………………………………… 2. Helen used to eat spicy food. ……………………T………………………... 3. The weather has been wet and cold. …………………F………………...… 4. She likes having a warm meal and a cup of coffee with Ann in Mexico. ……………………F………………………………

I. Read the passage carefully and decide if the following sentences are True or False: (1pt) Dear Ann, I am very gl...

Hãy tham gia nhóm Học sinh Hoc24OLM

Park Ji Min

28 tháng 4 2017 lúc 12:34

Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer The first system of communication of animals is natural. Many kinds of animals have ways of communicating with each other. And one of the most interesting examples is that of bees. These insects communicate with each other by dancing. The most important kind of dance that they do is concerned with food. They get their food from flowers, of course, from plants and trees. When a bee has found some food, it returns to the other...

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Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer

The first system of communication of animals is natural. Many kinds of animals have ways of communicating with each other. And one of the most interesting examples is that of bees. These insects communicate with each other by dancing. The most important kind of dance that they do is concerned with food. They get their food from flowers, of course, from plants and trees. When a bee has found some food, it returns to the other bees and can give them three basic kinds of information about the food: which direction it is in, whether it is nearby or a long way away, and whether it is good to eat or poisonous.

The other kind of system of communication of animals is artificial. It means animals learn it; in this case, they learn from man. Several famous experiments have been carried out with chimpanzees, trying to teach them human language.

One of these experiments was done with a chimpanzee called Sarah. Sarah was taught to understand a system of symbols which represented words. The symbols were cut out of coloured plastic, and each different shape stood for a different word. For example, a red square stood for “banana”, Sarah’s favorite fruit. Soon Sarah could not only understand words, but even sentences. She could obey orders: if her human friends put down the symbols for “apple in cup”, she would put the apple in the cup. Later, she began giving the scientists orders – she was writing her own sentences, and she got upset if the scientists did not obey her. We do not yet know whether chimpanzees will ever learn to use language to communicate as freely as human beings do, but the results so far suggest that this is at least a possibility.

41) According to the passage, bees ____________________________________.

A. learn to communicate B. are born to be able to communicate

C. are the most interesting animals D. communicate with each other by flying

42) From the passage, we can conclude that bees are _____________________.

A. so selfish as to let other bees share the bad food

B. so selfish as to look for food for themselves

C. so hardworking that they dance all the time

D. so smart that they know where the food is

43) The experiment done with Sarah is an example of ____________________.

A. animals with natural system of communication

B. animals able to communicate with humans

C. animals possible to use language as humans

D. animals with a system of communication worked out by humans

44) The results of the experiment with chimpanzees show the possibility to teach animals _____.

A. how to use language freely

B. how to give orders

C. how to obey orders

D. how to understand words and sentences

45) The phrase “concerned with” is closest in meaning to ________________.

A. interested in B. responsible for C. related to D. joined to

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Lớp 12 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

Trương Việt Khôi

29 tháng 11 2018 lúc 21:41

I remember that when I was in 5th grade, my class was good at studying, reacted aggressively in all activities of the school so it was very popular with teachers and friends. In grade 5, the exam that we are most interested in is the excellent student exam. I have chosen to send gold to send the task of taking good students. I have to say I was proud and proud to do so. And I know that besides me, there is no one qualified to take this exam. At that time, I was a smug little girl, always thought...

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I remember that when I was in 5th grade, my class was good at studying, reacted aggressively in all activities of the school so it was very popular with teachers and friends. In grade 5, the exam that we are most interested in is the excellent student exam. I have chosen to send gold to send the task of taking good students. I have to say I was proud and proud to do so. And I know that besides me, there is no one qualified to take this exam. At that time, I was a smug little girl, always thought I was good and despise the people around. Ms. Thu enthusiastically study for me, I also try my best to study under the guidance of her.

Two days before the exam I allowed myself to rest for the day with the most comfortable spirit. I am very confident in what I have learned. On the day of the competition everyone happy to wish me success, won high. I completed the excellent essay for Literature, but Mathematics was a terrible failure. The best thing I can do is not to do it, because I volunteered to ignore it because I thought it was too simple to put on a good student exam. I lost my spirits from that moment, suddenly all the knowledge in my head flew away, I can not remember anything anymore. Even if I try my best, I can not regain my composure. And then I knew that I would not get any awards in this competition. Every wish, expectation of everyone or myself, all the smoke.

I step out of the examination room with a somber face, I do not want to meet anyone, just want to hide all the most is Ms. Thu who dedicatedly told me. I still remember as she wrote: "Whatever form of paper, whether hard or easy you must also scrutinize, do not subject yourself to any offline," she repeats it over and over again. many times. However, just because of the subjectivity, just because of arrogance, self-thinking good giang has made every hope of her break. I know how to face her, tell her how disappointing results this time.

The next day I always tried to avoid her, I was afraid to face, to explain to her, I was afraid to look her sad eyes. But I could not avoid it, that day, when she finished school she called me back to class. It was a talk that I would never forget the words she said later, the words she taught:

- Yesterday, she received the results of the excellent student exam, the subject children do very well by 9 points, but Math is too bad. I know your exam this time is not good since you left the examination room. But can you tell me why, math is so bad? She knows how good she is, she believes she can do well. So that…

"Your child, your child did not review you part ... I ... I ... really sorry for you. I am very angry with myself. Angry because of subjective self, has made her and everyone disappointed, ...

I sobbed, sorry for you, to say that my heart felt so much lighter. Listening to my words, she patted her shoulders lightly, hugging me to say,

- Keep your daughter quiet. Every one of us has been wrong, everybody has stumbled. The most important thing is self-perception and modification. I hope this will be a lesson that you will remember forever, so that whatever you do, whether large or small, you need to be careful, careful not to be subjective. Because just a minute of subjective, the consequences will not be unexpected.

I listened attentively as I swallowed her words. That was the first time I realized that just because a minute of negligence, your subjectivity affects so many people. It has happened for a long time but it will be a lesson for me: in anything that is not subjective, careful, meticulous, effort, try not stop.

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Lớp 12 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

ninja_u23vn

16 tháng 11 2018 lúc 20:57

Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct but some have a word which should not be there. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word at the end of the line. PROBLEMS WITH A FRIEND Susie Williams has been my best friend ever since we were being at primary school together, and last week she told me some good news. She had decided not to marry with her boyfriend. They had been going out together for about two years, and got engaged last...

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Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct but some have a word which should not be there. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word at the end of the line.

PROBLEMS WITH A FRIEND

Susie Williams has been my best friend ever since we were being at primary school together, and last week she told me some good news. She had decided not to marry with her boyfriend. They had been going out together for about two years, and got engaged last Christmas. I was never happy about their relationship, as I thought so that he was not the right partner for her. I always felt that if they had of got married, she would have completely lost her independence because he would have to made her give up her studies and stay at home all the day. Susie would have hated that, as I know that she is a very ambitious person, but when I was mentioned it to her she became quite angry, saying that I was jealous her, and wanted him for myself. Sometimes it isn't easy being a best friend.

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Lớp 12 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

ninja_u23vn

16 tháng 11 2018 lúc 20:59

Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct but some have a word which should not be there. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word at the end of the line. PROBLEMS WITH A FRIEND Susie Williams has been my best friend ever since we were being at primary school together, and last week she told me some good news. She had decided not to marry with her boyfriend. They had been going out together for about two years, and got engaged last...

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Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct but some have a word which should not be there. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word at the end of the line.

PROBLEMS WITH A FRIEND

Susie Williams has been my best friend ever since we were being at primary school together, and last week she told me some good news. She had decided not to marry with her boyfriend. They had been going out together for about two years, and got engaged last Christmas. I was never happy about their relationship, as I thought so that he was not the right partner for her. I always felt that if they had of got married, she would have completely lost her independence because he would have to made her give up her studies and stay at home all the day. Susie would have hated that, as I know that she is a very ambitious person, but when I was mentioned it to her she became quite angry, saying that I was jealous her, and wanted him for myself. Sometimes it isn't easy being a best friend.

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Lớp 12 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

Như Phạm

26 tháng 12 2017 lúc 18:56

I. Give advice with ought to or ought not to. Minh looks very tired. (go to bed late) My parents are going to visit France. (learn a few French words) It’s eight o’clock. Helen is still sleeping. (get up earlier) There is traffic jam and the people are rushing forward. (drive like that) Nam is going to have final exam tomorrow morning. He is playing computer games now. (play computer games – learn the lessons) The speed limit is 30 mph, but Catherine is driving 50 mph. (drive so fast) The street...

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I. Give advice with ought to or ought not to.
Minh looks very tired. (go to bed late)
My parents are going to visit France. (learn a few French words)
It’s eight o’clock. Helen is still sleeping. (get up earlier)
There is traffic jam and the people are rushing forward. (drive like that)
Nam is going to have final exam tomorrow morning. He is playing computer games now. (play computer games – learn the lessons)
The speed limit is 30 mph, but Catherine is driving 50 mph. (drive so fast)
The street is too narrow. It’s always full of vehicles. (they/ widen this street)
I’m bored. I need a change. (go away for a few days)
II. Fill in each blank with a correct reflexive pronoun.
My sister often looks at _______ in the mirror.
Mark made _______ a sandwich.
This refrigerator defrosts _______.
Hoa and I ________ saw that accident yesterday.
Did you pay for _______?
The children can look after _______ for a few days.
Please help me. I can’t do it ________.
Take care of _________?
He was very surprised when he looked _______ in the mirror.
I don’t like going to the cinema with other people. I prefer going by _______.
The child had no bothers or sisters, so she often had to play by _______.
I’m afraid that the children are going to cut ________ on the broken glass.
We had a great time in London together. We really enjoyed ________.
“Can I take another biscuit?” – Of course. Help _________”.
Don’t worry about Linh and me. We can look after _________.
I gave them a key to our house so that they could let ________ in.
Phuong had a great holiday. She enjoyed __________.
Please try and understand how I feel. Put __________ in my position.
I taught _______ to play the guitar. I have never had lessons.
An elephant hurt _______ when it tried to get out of the zoo yesterday.
I don’t need any help. I can take care of _______.
Sarah and I didn’t enjoy _______ at the disco last night.
This exercise isn’to very difficult. Do it _______.
My brother can repair the bicycle _______.
III. Read the text and answer the following questions.
Peter had a letter form his sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she was coming to England next month. If she comes, she will get a surprise. Peter is now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before his sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In his letter, he said that, he wanted her to stay with his family. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a modern house. So it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.
Where does Peter’s sister live?
What is she going to do next month?
Where is Peter living now?
When was the house completed?
Has it got many large rooms and a lovely garden?
Did he invite his sister to stay with him?
Why does the house look strange to some people?
VI. Fill in each blank with a suitable word to complete the following passage.
If you see a fire, you should ring the school bell ____ (1) one minutes. When they ____ (2) the bell, students should quickly leave ____ (3) classroom. The monitor should take the register with him on leaving the classroom. The _____ (4) should line up outside the classroom as soon _____ (5) everyone has left the room. Then _____ (6) class should walk quickly along the path to the main entrance. When they _____ (7) the main entrance, the students should stand quietly in the playground. While they ______ (8) waiting there, one of the students ______ (9) look for the class teacher in the playground. On finding _____ (10), he should give him the class register.

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Lớp 12 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

Le Trung Le Kim

4 tháng 2 2018 lúc 19:30

I. Choose the suitable words or phrases to fill in the blanks (3ms) 1. Cool the burns immediately so as to. . . . . . . . . . . . tissue damage. A. ease B. relieve C. minimize D. maximize 2. Milk bottles can be. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . after being cleaned A. reused B. recycle C. thrown away D. broken 3. The old lamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in china is five dollars A. make...

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I. Choose the suitable words or phrases to fill in the blanks (3ms)

1. Cool the burns immediately so as to. . . . . . . . . . . . tissue damage.

A. ease B. relieve C. minimize D. maximize

2. Milk bottles can be. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . after being cleaned

A. reused B. recycle C. thrown away D. broken

3. The old lamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in china is five dollars

A. make B. makes C. to make D. made

4. Millions of Christmas cards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . every year

A. were sent B. are sent C. send D. is sending

5. He had his father. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his watch

A. fixed B. fixing C. to fix D. fix

6. He asked me. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a driving license

A. if I have B. whether I have C. if I had D. whether I have had

II. Complete the passage with the suitable words in the box

Relatives; top; preparations; holiday; put; are; although; bought

Christmas is the biggest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1) of the year in the most of Britain. Celebrations start on 24 December, Christmas eve,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) there have been several weeks of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) before hand. The Christmas trees, presents, food, drinks and decorations have been. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4). Christmas cards have already been sent to friends and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5). About a week before Christmas, people usually. . . . . . . . . . . . . (6) up their decorations and an angel on the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7) of the Christmas tree. Family presents. . . . . . . . . . . . . (8) usually put under the tree.

III. Read the passage choose true (T) or false (F)

London is Britain/s biggest city. It is a very old city and dates back to the Romans. It is a city of historic building and churches, and it has many beautiful parks. It also has some of the best museum in the world. London is very crowded in summer. It is a popular city with foreign tourists and has more than eight million visitors a year. The city is famous for its shopping and department stores. London has an excellent underground railway system, so it is easy for tourists to get around.

1. None of the cities in Britain is bigger than London.

2. London is founded by the Romans.

3. London has historic buildings and churches.

4. Most of the best museum in the world are situated in London.

5. London is not busy in summer.

6. It's not easy for tourists to travel around London.

IV. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first (2ms)

1. People speak English over the world.

English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Do you mind if I take a photo

Would you mind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Lớp 12 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

Khả Vy

28 tháng 6 2017 lúc 20:52

Đọc kỹ đoạn văn rồi trả lời câu hỏi : Bài 1 . I’m Thu . I learn at Le Van Tam school . It is a small school in the country . It has three floors and twelve classrooms . There are five hundred students and forty teachers in my school. Every morning I get up at five, have breakfast at six and go to school at half past six . In the afternoon , I do my homework . In the evening , I read books and watch television . I go to bed at ten . 1. Where is Thu’s school ? 2. How many floors does her s...

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Đọc kỹ đoạn văn rồi trả lời câu hỏi :

Bài 1 . I’m Thu . I learn at Le Van Tam school . It is a small school in the country . It has
three floors and twelve classrooms . There are five hundred students and forty teachers in
my school. Every morning I get up at five, have breakfast at six and go to school at half
past six . In the afternoon , I do my homework . In the evening , I read books and watch
television . I go to bed at ten .
1. Where is Thu’s school ?
2. How many floors does her school have ?
3. How many students and teachers are there in her school ?
4. What does she do every morning ?
5. When does she do her homework ?
Bài 2 . I am John and this is my elder sister, Jane. We’ re living in a house near a
supermarket. My elder sister goes to the supermarket every day. She often buys meat ,
bread , cooking oil , vegetables and fruit . She rarely buys fish , apple pies and hot dogs
. My mother and I sometimes go to the supermarket with her. We are now in the
supermarket . My elder sister is buying eggs and oranges and my mother is buying
tomatoes and potatoes . I am buying some cakes and a box of chocolate.
1. What’s John’s elder ‘s name ?
2. What is there near their house ?
3. Where does Jane go every day ?
4. What does she often buy?
5. Who does John sometimes go to the supermarket with ?

Bài 3 . Mai often plays sports ; so she is tall and strong . Her favorite sport is swimming.
She goes swimming every day . She likes badminton and table-tennis , too . She often
plays badminton and table-tennis in the afternoon . She sometimes does aerobics , too . At
weekends , she sometimes has a picnic or goes fishing with some friends . She never goes
to the zoo but she goes to the movies once a month . Now she is listening to music at home
.
1. What does Mai often do ?
2. Which sports does she like best ?
3. How often does she go swimming ?
4. Does she play badminton and table-tennis ?
5. Where does she never go ?
5. What is she doing now ?

Bài 4 . My name is Mike . I am living with my family in a small house in London . My
uncle ‘s farm is not near my house because it is in the country and I must go there by car
when I visit my uncle ‘s family . I can eat a lot of fruit there because there are many fruit
trees on the farm and they produce a lot of fruit every year . I often swim in a beautiful
small river near the farm and I sometimes go fishing with my uncle . I am going to stay
there for a month this summer vacation because I like the farm and the river there very
much .
1. Where is Mike living with his family ?
2. How does he go to his uncle’s farm when he visits his uncle’s family ?
3. What can he eat on the farm ?
4. How long is he going to stay there this summer vacation ?

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Lớp 12 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

nguyễn hoàng lê thi

24 tháng 12 2016 lúc 14:57

1. Fill in the gap with a suitable world / phrase from the box. costumes - perform - scripts - too - playMy friends and i have written a (1) ............. .We have decided to (2) ...........it for our school.I have already built the set.Karen has just finished the(3) ...............for us to wear i havent learned the(4)..........yet, so i am a bit nervous , but im excited (5)............I havent been in a play before.I cant wait. what - stay - variety - must - affects - b...

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1. Fill in the gap with a suitable world / phrase from the box.

costumes - perform - scripts - too - play

My friends and i have written a (1) ............. .We have decided to (2) ...........it for our school.I have already built the set.Karen has just finished the(3) ...............for us to wear i haven't learned the(4)..........yet, so i am a bit nervous , but i'm excited (5)............I haven't been in a play before.I can't wait.

what - stay - variety - must - affects - balanced - moderation - but

We know that the food we eat (1) .......... our whole life , so we (2) ............remember to eat sensibly .We should have a (3) .............diet.(4) .......... does a " balanced diet " means?It means you eat a (5).........of foods without eating too much of anything .(6) ......... is very important .Eat the food you enjoy , (7) ............. don't have too much .This will help you(8).........fit and healthy .

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Lớp 12 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

Corn dog

28 tháng 7 2017 lúc 22:28

Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate....

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Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us? Questions: After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions 1. What is the main topic of the article? Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology Benefit of biotechnology Modern research in biotechnology 2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to? Biotechnology The article The word "Biotechnology" 3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms? Beer, bread and cheese Bread and wine Beer and cheese Decide whether the statement below is True or False. 4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. TrueFalse 5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe. TrueFalse 6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts. TrueFalse

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