Ta có : \(y=\dfrac{x}{x-1}=1+\dfrac{1}{x-1}\Rightarrow y'=\dfrac{-1}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
Giả sử M(xo ; yo) là tiếp điểm của tiếp tuyến d với đths trên \(\). Ta có :
PT d : \(y=\dfrac{-1}{\left(x_0-1\right)^2}\left(x-x_0\right)+\dfrac{x_0}{x_{0-1}}=\dfrac{-x}{\left(x_0-1\right)^2}+\dfrac{x_0^2}{\left(x_0-1\right)^2}\)
K/C từ B(1;1) đến d : d(B;d) = \(\left|\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\left(x_0-1\right)^2}+1-\dfrac{x_0^2}{\left(x_0-1\right)^2}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{\left(x_0-1\right)^4}+1}}\right|\)
= \(\left|\dfrac{2\left(1-x_0\right)}{\left(x_0-1\right)^2}\right|:\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x_0-1\right)^4+1}}{\left(x_0-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{2\left|1-x_0\right|}{\sqrt{\left(1-x_0\right)^4+1}}\) \(\le\dfrac{2\left|1-x_0\right|}{\sqrt{2\left(1-x_0\right)^2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x_0=0\\x_0=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Suy ra : y = -x hoặc y = -x + 4
\(y'=\dfrac{-1}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
Giả sử \(x_0\) là hoành độ tiếp điểm
Phương trình tiếp tuyến d:
\(y=-\dfrac{1}{\left(x_0-1\right)^2}\left(x-x_0\right)+\dfrac{x_0}{x_0-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\left(x_0-1\right)^2y-x_0^2=0\)
\(d\left(B;d\right)=\dfrac{\left|1+\left(x_0-1\right)^2-x_0^2\right|}{\sqrt{1+\left(x_0-1\right)^4}}=\dfrac{2\left|x_0-1\right|}{\sqrt{1+\left(x_0-1\right)^4}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{\left(x_0-1\right)^2}+\left(x_0-1\right)^2}}\le\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x_0-1\right)^2}=\left(x_0-1\right)^2\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x_0=0\\x_0=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-x\\y=-x+4\end{matrix}\right.\)
