Có \(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|.\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)\).
Vì vậy:
\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}< 0\) khi \(cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)< 0\) hay \(90^o< \left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)\le180^o\).
\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}>0\) khi \(cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)>0\) hay \(0^o\le\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)< 90^o\).
\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=0\) khi \(cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)=0\) hay \(\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)=90^o\).