Với \(n>1\):
\(n\left(n^2-1\right)u_n=u_1+2u_2+...+\left(n-1\right)u_{n-1}\) (1)
\(\Leftrightarrow n^3-n.u_n=u_1+2u_2+...+\left(n-1\right)u_{n-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n^3.u_n=u_1+2u_2+...+\left(n-1\right)u_{n-1}+n.u_n\) (2)
Thay n bởi \(n-1\) vào (2):
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-1\right)^3u_{n-1}=u_1+2u_2+...+\left(n-1\right)u_{n-1}\) (3)
Từ (1) và (3):
\(\Rightarrow n\left(n^2-1\right)u_n=\left(n-1\right)^2u_{n-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n\left(n+1\right)u_n=\left(n-1\right)^2u_{n-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)^2}{\left(n+1\right)n}u_{n-1}=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)^2}{\left(n+1\right)n}.\dfrac{\left(n-2\right)^2}{n\left(n-1\right)}u_{n-2}=...=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)^2\left(n-2\right)^2....1^2}{\left(n+1\right)n.n\left(n-1\right)...3.2}u_1\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{\left[\left(n-1\right)!\right]^2}{\dfrac{\left(n+1\right).n^2\left[\left(n-1\right)!\right]^2}{2}}u_1=\dfrac{4}{n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)
Công thức này chỉ đúng với \(n\ge2\)
