Ta có: B = \(\frac{\sqrt{x}-5}{\sqrt{x}+1}\) = \(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1-1-5}{\sqrt{x}+1}\) = \(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1-6}{\sqrt{x}+1}\) = \(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+1}+\frac{-6}{\sqrt{x}+1}\) = 1 + \(\frac{-6}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Để B \(\in\) Z thì -6 \(⋮\) \(\sqrt{x}+1\) \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+1\inƯ\left(-6\right)\)
Mà Ư(-6) = {-6; -1; 1; 6}
* \(\sqrt{x}+1\) = -6
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\sqrt{x}\) = -7
\(\Rightarrow\) x = 49
* \(\sqrt{x}+1\) = -1
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\) = -2
\(\Rightarrow\) x = 4
* \(\sqrt{x}+1\) = 1
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\sqrt{x}\) = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) x = 0
* \(\sqrt{x}+1\) = 6
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\) = 5
\(\Rightarrow\) x = 25
Vậy để B = \(\frac{\sqrt{x}-5}{\sqrt{x}+1}\) \(\in\) Z thì x = {0; 4; 25; 49}
để B thuộc Z => \(\frac{\sqrt{x}-5}{\sqrt{x}+1}\) là số nguyên
=> \(\sqrt{x}-5⋮\sqrt{x}+1\)
=> \(\sqrt{x}-5-\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)⋮\sqrt{x}+1\\ \Rightarrow-6⋮\sqrt{x}+1\)
=> \(\sqrt{x}+1\inƯ_{\left(-6\right)}=\left\{1;-1;6;-6\right\}\)
ta có bảng sau:
| \(\sqrt{x}+1\) | 1 | -1 | 6 | -6 |
| \(\sqrt{x}\) | 0 | -2 | 5 | -7 |
| x | 0 | loại | 25 | loại |
vậy x = { 0; 25 }