1.
Ta có: \(4=a^2+b^2+c^2+abc\ge a^2+2bc+abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-4+2bc+abc\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(a-2\right)+bc\left(a+2\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(bc+a-2\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc+a\le2\) (1)
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với 1
Giả sử đó là b và c \(\Rightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc+1\ge b+c\Rightarrow abc+a\ge ab+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge ab+ac-a\Rightarrow abc+2\ge ab+ac-a+2\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh: \(ab+ac-a+2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+bc\le2\) (đúng theo (1)) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
2.
\(8ab-2=3\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge6a^2b^2\Leftrightarrow3a^2b^2-4ab+1\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{3}\le ab\le1\)
Khi đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}-\frac{2}{ab+1}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}\le\frac{2}{ab+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{2}{ab+1}+\frac{ab}{3a^2b^2+1}\)
Đặt \(ab=x\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3}\le x\le1\Rightarrow P\le\frac{2}{x+1}+\frac{x}{3x^2+1}\)
\(P\le\frac{2}{x+1}+\frac{x}{3x^2+1}-\frac{7}{4}+\frac{7}{4}=\frac{-21x^3+7x^2-3x+1}{4\left(x+1\right)\left(3x^2+1\right)}+\frac{7}{4}\)
\(P\le\frac{\left(7x^2+1\right)\left(1-3x\right)}{4\left(x+1\right)\left(3x^2+1\right)}+\frac{7}{4}\le\frac{7}{4}\) ; \(\forall x\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
\(P_{max}=\frac{7}{4}\) khi \(x=\frac{1}{3}\) hay \(a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
