Ta có:nAl=5,4:27=0,2 mol
C%ddH2SO4=9,8%=>mH2SO4=9,8%.400=39,2g
=>nH2SO4=39,2:98=0,4mol
PTHH:2Al+3H2SO4->Al2(SO4)3+3H2
............0,2......0,3.............0,1.............0,3...(mol)
Ta có:nAl:2=0,2:2=0,1<nH2SO4:3=0,4:3=>Al hết hay H2SO4 dư.Tính theo Al
a)Theo PTHH:\(\begin{cases} nH2SO4(pư)=0,3mol=>nH2SO4(dư)=0,4-0,3=0,1mol=>mH2SO4(dư)=0,1.98=9,8g\\ nAl2(SO4)3=0,1mol=>mAl2(SO4)3=0,1.342=34,2g\\ nH2=0,3mol=>mH2=0,3.2=0,6g.VH2(đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72l \end{cases}\)b)Ta có:mddsau=mAl+mddH2SO4-mH2=5,4+400-0,6=404,8g
Nồng độ % các chất:
C%Al2(SO4)3=34,2:404,8.100%=8,45%
C%H2SO4(dư)=9,8:404,8.100%=2,42%
2Al + 3H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a) mH2SO4 = \(\dfrac{400.9,8\%}{100\%}=39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Có : nAl = \(\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Lập tỉ lệ:
\(\dfrac{n_{Al\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{Al\left(PT\right)}}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\) < \(\dfrac{n_{H2SO4\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{H2SO4\left(PT\right)}}=\dfrac{0,4}{3}=0,133\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Sau Pứ : Al hết , H2SO4 dư
Theo PT : nH2 = 3/2 . nAl = 3/2 . 0,2 = 0,3(mol)
\(\Rightarrow\) VH2 = 0,3 . 22,4= 6,72(l)
b) dd sau pứ gồm \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\\H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
*Theo PT : nAl2(SO4)3 = 1/2 . nAl = 1/2 . 0,2 = 0,1(mol)
\(\Rightarrow\) mAl2(SO4)3 = 0,1 .342 = 34,2(g)
*Theo PT : nH2SO4(Pứ) = 3/2 . nAl = 3/2 . 0,2 = 0,3(mol)
\(\Rightarrow\) nH2SO4(dư) = 0,4 - 0,3 = 0,1(mol)
\(\Rightarrow\) mH2SO4(dư) = 0,1 . 98 = 9,8(g)
* Có : mdd sau pứ = 5,4 + 400 - 0,3 . 2 =404,8(g)
Do đó :
C%H2SO4 / dd sau pứ = 9,8/404,8 . 100% =2,42%
C%Al2(SO4)3 / dd sau pứ = 34,2/404,8 . 100% =8,45%
a) Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{400.9,8}{100}=39,2\left(g\right)\\ =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,4}{3}\)
=> Al hết, H2SO4 dư nên tính theo Al
=> \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.0,2}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ =>V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b) - Chất có trong dd sau phản ứng là H2SO4 (dư) và Al2(SO4)3.
Ta có: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ =>m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,3.2=0,6\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(f.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{3.0,2}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ =>n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ =>m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\\ =>m_{ddthu-dc}=5,4+400-0,6=404,8\left(g\right)\\ =>C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,8}{404,8}.100\approx2,421\%\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34,2}{404,8}.100\approx8,449\%\)