a) 3xy + x +15y +5
= (3xy + x) + (15y + 5)
= x(3y + 1) + 5(3y + 1)
= (3y + 1)(x + 5)
b) 9 - x2 + 2xy - y2
= - [(-9) + (x2 - 2xy + y2 ) ]
= - [( -9) + (x - y)2 ]
= 9 - (x - y)2
= 32 - ( x - y)2
= (3 - x +y)(3 + x - y)
e) x2 - xy - 8x + 8y
= ( x2 - xy ) - (8x - 8y)
= x(x -y) - 8(x-y)
= (x - y)(x - 8)
f) x2 - 6x + 9 - y2
= (x2 - 6x + 9) - y2
= (x - 3)2 - y2
= (x - 3 -y)( x - 3 + y)
h) x2 + 2xy +y2 - yz
= (x2 + 2xy +y2 ) - yz
= (x+y)2 - yz