PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot0,5=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,05}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Al còn dư, H2SO4 phản ứng hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,05mol\\n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{60}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2}=0,05\cdot2=0,1\left(g\right)\\m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{6}\cdot27=4,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{60}\cdot342=5,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=100\cdot1,05=105\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{ddH_2SO_4}+m_{Al}-m_{Al\left(dư\right)}-m_{H_2}=105,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{5,7}{105,8}\cdot100\%\approx5,39\%\)
