Bài 1:
\(P=\frac{2x^2+y^2-2xy}{xy}=\frac{2x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-2=\frac{7x}{4y}+(\frac{x}{4y}+\frac{y}{x})-2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho các số dương:
\(\frac{x}{4y}+\frac{y}{x}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{x}{4y}.\frac{y}{x}}=1\)
\(\frac{7x}{4y}\geq \frac{7.2y}{4y}=\frac{7}{2}\) do $x\geq 2y$
Do đó: \(P\geq \frac{7}{2}+1-2=\frac{5}{2}\)
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{5}{2}$ khi $x=2y$
Bài 2:
\(P=\frac{x^2+y^2}{x^2y^2}+\frac{x^2y^2}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2}{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{1}{4(x^2+y^2)}=4(x^2+y^2)+\frac{1}{4(x^2+y^2)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si :
\(\frac{x^2+y^2}{4}+\frac{1}{4(x^2+y^2)}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2}{4}.\frac{1}{4(x^2+y^2)}}=\frac{1}{2}(1)\)
\(x^2+y^2\geq 2\sqrt{x^2y^2}=2|xy|=2.\frac{1}{2}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{15(x^2+y^2)}{4}\geq \frac{15}{4}(2)\)
Lấy \((1)+(2)\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{15}{4}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{17}{4}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\frac{17}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Bài 3:
Có: \(a^2+\frac{18}{\sqrt{a}}=\frac{7}{16}a^2+\frac{9}{16}a^2+\frac{18}{\sqrt{a}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\frac{9}{16}a^2+\frac{18}{\sqrt{a}}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{9}{16}a^2.\frac{18}{\sqrt{a}}}=\frac{9}{2}\sqrt{2a\sqrt{a}}\geq \frac{9}{2}\sqrt{2.4\sqrt{4}}=18(1)\) do $a\geq 4$
\(\frac{7}{16}a^2\geq \frac{7}{16}.4^2=7(2)\) do $a\geq 4$
Lấy \((1)+(2)\Rightarrow a^2+\frac{18}{\sqrt{a}}\geq 7+18=25\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=4$
