\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(b,=a\left(x+y\right)+2\left(x+y\right)=\left(a+2\right)\left(x+y\right)\\ c,=x\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x+y\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+y\right)\\ d,=5a\left(2x-y\right)-\left(2x-y\right)=\left(5a-1\right)\left(2x-y\right)\)