a)\(\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{12}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-x}{-8}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{12}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{-x}{-8}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{12}=\dfrac{-x+y+z}{-8+5+12}=\dfrac{60}{9}=\dfrac{20}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{20}{3}.8=\dfrac{160}{3}\\y=\dfrac{20}{3}.5=\dfrac{100}{3}\\z=\dfrac{20}{3}.12=80\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{2y}{6}=\dfrac{3z}{12}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{2y}{6}=\dfrac{3z}{12}=\dfrac{x+2y-3z}{2+6-12}=\dfrac{-20}{-4}=5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5.2=10\\y=5.3=15\\z=5.4=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x=3y\\7y=5z\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}\\\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}\\\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{15-20+28}=\dfrac{-46}{23}=-2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2.15=-30\\y=-2.20=-40\\z=-2.28=-56\end{matrix}\right.\)