IV. Choose the correct answer A, B, c, or D for each blank to complete the following sentences.

21. Who was the first person ..... Mount Everest?

A. climbing B. climbed c. who climbs D. to climb

22. ........ bottle-nosed dolphins become talented performers at many aquariums.

A. When to train B. Are training c. When trained D. To train them

23. My father is fond of sports. He goes to the Sports Club to watch ..... every Saturday.

 A. racing horse B. race horse c. horse races D. horsing race

24. Flower oils are ..... of the ingredients used in making perfume.

A. among expensive B. among the most expensive

c. being most expensive D. expensive

25. A quilt that looks ordinary ..... may become a work of abstract art when it is hung on a white wall.

A. lying on a bed B. to lie on a bed

c. lies on a bed D. to be lying on a bed

26. Cold temperatures, short growing seasons, and heavy snows prevent ..... at high elevations.A. growing trees B. trees growth c. trees growing D. trees to grow

27. Recent engineering developments have made ..... to recycle plastic soda bottles into polyester fabric.

A. possible, and B. it is possible c. the possible D. it possible

28. The last family ..... was on the occasion of Sarah’s 100th birthday.

A. anniversary B. together c. meeting D. gathering

29. Melissa ought to ..... her thesis to her supervisor yesterday.

A. handed in B. handing in c. hand in D. have handed in

30. Volcanoes are divided into three main groups, based on their shape and the type of material they.......

A. make up for B. are made of c. make from D. are made out of

V. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to finish the sentences.

 - I hate that place in Autumn. It always (31. rain) ....................... there. It(32. rain) .......................... when we came and it (33. rain) .............................when we (34. leave) ...... ................

- He says he refused the job, but that this (35. be) ...................... nothing to do with the salary. He (36. refuse) ............................. even if they (37. offer) ........................ him twice as much.

- Jon died last week. He (38. suffer) ...................... from cancer for some time.

- I hope (39. live) ...................................... in my own house in five years’ time.

- His greatest ambition is (40. choose) ................................. to take part in the next Olympic Games. 

I. Choose the word A, B, c or D that has different stress pattern in each line.

1. A. effect B. language c. throughout D. pronounce

2. A. institute B. industrial c. extensive D. existence

3. A. pessimism B. biography c. ordinary D. supervisor

4. A. electronics B exceptional c. electrify D. democracy

5. A. archeology B. personality c. appreciative D. architectural

II. Read the following passage, then choose the correct answer for each question.

Noah Webster’s goal in life was to promote the adoption of an'American language. He wanted to free Americans from British English as they had freed themselves from the British crown. To this end he published a series of three textbooks: a speller in 1783, a grammar in 1784, and a reader in 1785. 

Webster objected to the way certain words had been borrowed from other languages, but had not been respelled. The result, he claimed, was a confusing mixture of letters, many of which were not pronounced the way they looked, and others of which were not pronounced at all.

Webster urged Americans to simplify their spelling. For example, he argued that “head” should be spelled “hed" and bread” should be spelled bred”. Most of Webster's suggestions did not catch on, but his textbooks sold millions of copies.

6. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Three books of Noah Webster

B. Noah Webster and the Adoption of an American Language

c. Simplification of Spelling

D. Noah Webster and the British Crown

7. According to Webster, Americans should .......

A. avoid reading his three books

B. be ruled from England

c. simplify their spelling

D. not borrow words from other languages

8. In the last paragraph, the phrase “did not catch on” means.......

A. were not appreciated B. did not please anyone

c. did not become popular D. were not intelligent

9. Webster’s books were very innovative, specially when we consider that they were written in the.......

A. late eighteenth century B. mid-seventeenth century

c. early eighteenth century D. late seventeenth century

10. The problems that Webster tried to solve did NOT include.......

A. unreliable spelling B. grammar errors

c. mispronounced words D. poor sales of his textbooks

VII. Choose the correct answer A, B, c, or D for each of the following sentences.

56. The problem is easy enough, but ....... students could solve it.

A. a lot of B. few c. a few D. a great number

57. I suggested..........to see the doctor.

A. him in going B. to make him go c. him to go D. that he go

58. There are several cases of people ......... through walls and doors.

A. can see B. who can see c. which can see D. can be seeing

59. There is now a ......... of skilled craftsmen in the industry.

A. want B. fault c. lack D. need

60. ............ my friends knew I was going to study overseas.

A. Not much of B. Not many of c. Not a lot D. Not many

61. “How old is Janet?” - “I haven’t got the slightest ......... "

A. bet B. theory c. guess D. idea

62. The reason I left is ................... I had so few relatives and friends here.

A. why B. that c. while D. which

63. He didn’t .......... to help her even though she was very ill.

A. lift a finger B. open an eye c. bend his arm D. shake a leg

64. I'll go on holiday ............... I can.

A. as soon as B. as long c. until D. how

65. We should use ......... time we have available to discuss his proposal.

A. the little B. little c. the few D. few

66. Don’t talk to her. She is ........a bad mood today.

A. at B. in c. on D. with

67. Their neighbour was very ......... when they complained about the noise.

A. threatening B. provocative c. irritable D. annoying

68. He left in such a hurry that I ................... had time to say goodbye to him.

A. almost B. even c. nearly D. scarcely

69. Would you please be kind enough to ................... me to the station?

A. aim B. turn c. direct D. signal

70. The traffic in town was very ....... and I arrived home earlier than expected.

A. light B. weak c. little D. few

VIII. Read the article ana choose the correct answer (A, B, c, or D) which best fits each space.

Trees for Life

Trees are among the biggest and longest - living things on the Earth, some dating back longer than the oldest buildings. But (71) ______ being nice to look at, trees also play an important role in improving the quality of our lives.On a world-wide (72) ______, forests help to slow down the effects of globalwarming by using up the gas known as carbon dioxide and (73) ______ the oxygen we need to breathe. At local neighborhood level, trees also (74) ____ important environmental benefits. They offer shade and shelter, which (75) ______ reduces the amount of energy needed to heat and cool nearby buildings; at the same time, they also remove other (76)______from the air we breathe.Urban trees are especially important because for many people they provide the only daily (77) ______ with the natural world. What's more, urban trees also provide home for birds, small animals and butterflies. (78) ______ the trees we would lose the pleasure of seeing these creatures in our cities. Regrettably, however, trees in cities are now coming (79) ______. There is a limit to the level of pollution they can (80) ______ and, down at street level, their roots are being seriously disturbed by the digging needed to make way for modem telephone, television and other cables.

71. a. as far as b. as long as c. as soon as d. as well as

72. a. scale       b. size           c. range         d. area

73. a. emitting   b. giving out  c. sending out  d. transmitting

74. a. bring        b. make         c. present      d. take

75. a. at least     b. at first        c. in place      d. in turn

76. a. pollutant    b. waste        c. impurities   d. chemicals

77. a. touch         b. communication  c. connection  d. contact

78. a. Within        b. Throughout  c. Beyond    d. Without

79. a. under threat b. in demand  c. under control  d. in need

80. a. stand in for  b. go through with  c. put up with d. face up to

 IV. Fill one suitable word in each numbered space to finish the passage. 

THE GREEN REVOLUTION

In the Green Revolution, scientists collected thousands of genetic varieties of rice and wheat from all over the world, and cross-bred them (26) ........ they found varieties that produced high yields and were resistant to diseases. Bút these hybrid strains (27) ......... from four to seven times as much water per hectare and this is a limiting factor in some areas. Moreover, to (28) ........ high yields, the new varieties need much more fertilizers per hectare than the (29) ........ varieties did. Unfortunately, many developing countries have been experiencing fertilizer shortages (30) ....... the price of oil began to rise in the early 1970s. Scientists are also aware (31) ........ the danger of relying on only a few strains of rice and wheat. They remember the Irish famine (32) ........ 1845 and 1850, when potato blight wiped (33)........the single crop that fed almost all the (34) .......... One million people died. Scientists are therefore (35) ......... and maintaining varieties of food crops from all over the world.

V. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer A, B, c, or D toeach of the questions.

By the 1820's in the United States, when steamboats were common on western waters, these boats were mostly powered by engines built in the West (Pittsburgh, Cincinnati or Louisville), and of a distinctive western design specially suited to western needs. The first steam engines in practical use in England and the United States were of low-pressure design. This was the type first developed by James Watt, then manufactured by the firm of Boulton and Watt, steam was accumulated in a large, double-acting vertical cylinder, but the steam reached only a few pounds of pressure per square inch. It was low-pressure engines of this type that were first introduced into the United States by Robert Fulton. He imported such a Boulton and Watt engine from England to run the Clemont. But this type of engine was expensive and complicated, requiring many precision-fitted moving parts.

The engine that became standard on western steamboats was of a different and novel design. It was the work primarily of an unsung hero of American industrial progress Oliver Evans (1755 - 1819). The self-educated son of a Delaware farmer, Evans early became obsessed by the possibilities of mechanized production and steam power. As early as 1802 he was using a stationary steam engine of high - pressure design in his mill. Engines of this type were not unknown, but before Evans they were generally considered impractical and dangerous.

Within a decade the high-pressure engine, the new type had become standard on western waters. Critics ignorant of western conditions often attacked it as wasteful anddangerous. But people who really knew the Ohio, the Missouri and the Mississippi insisted with good reasons that it was the only engine for them. In shallow western rivers the weight of vessel and engine was important, a heavy engine added to the problem of navigation. The high-pressure engine was far lighter in proportion to horsepower, and with less than half as many moving parts was much easier and cheaper to repair. The main advantages of low-pressure engines were safe operation and economy of fuel consumption, neither of which meant much in the West.

36. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Steamboat engines in the western United States

B. River travel in the western United States

C. A famous United States inventor

D. The world's first practical steamboat

37. What might be the Clermont in the first paragraph?

A. A river B. A factory C. A boat D. An engine

38. Who developed the kind of steam engine used on western steamboats?

A. Watt B. Boulton C. Fulton D. Evans

39. The word "novel" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.

A. fictional B. intricate C. innovative D. powerful

40. What opinion of Evans is suggested by the use of the term "unsung hero" in thesecond paragraph?

A. More people should recognize the importance of his work.

B. More of his inventions should be used today.

C. He should be credited with inventing the steam engine.

D. More should be learned about his early life.

41. What does the author imply about Evans?

A. He went to England to learn about steam power.

B. He worked for Fulton.

C. He traveled extensively in the West.

D. He taught himself about steam engines.

42. What does the author imply about the western rivers?

A. It was difficult to find fuel near them.

B. They flooded frequently.

C. They were difficult to navigate.

D. They were rarely used for transportation.

43. The word "it" in the third paragraph refers to______

A. decade B. high-pressure C. weight D. problem

44. The word "vessel" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.

A. fuel B. crew C. cargo D. craft

15. Which of the following points was made by the critics of high-pressure engines?

A. They are expensive to import. B. They arế not powerful enough,

C. They are dangerous. D. They weigh too much.