Xét 2 trường hợp:

TH₁  : Nếu x,y trái dấu \(\Rightarrow xy< 0\Rightarrow P=1-xy>1\)

TH₂: Nếu x,y cùng dấu \(\Rightarrow\)xy\(\ge0\)  \(\Rightarrow\)có 2 trường hợp xảy ra:

* Nếu xy=0\(\Rightarrow P=1-xy=1\)

* Nếu xy\(\ne0\Rightarrow\) \(xy>0\) 

Áp dụng bđt Cô-si : \(2x^{1006}y^{1006}=x^{2013}+y^{2013}\ge2x^{1006}y^{1006}\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\le1\Rightarrow xy\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow-xy\ge-1\) \(\Rightarrow P=1-xy\ge1-1=0\)

Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)

Vậy gtnn của P=0 \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+ac+bc}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:

\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right);\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=2^{2n}-1=4^n-1=\left(4-1\right)\left(4^{n-1}+4^{n-2}+...+4+1\right)=3\cdot\left(4^{n-1}+4^{n-2}+...+4+1\right)⋮3\forall n\in N\)

Áp dụng bđt Cô-si vào các số dương a,b,c:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+b\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{b}\cdot b}=2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b}\ge2a-b\)

Chứng minh tương tự ta được:

\(\dfrac{b^2}{c}\ge2b-c;\dfrac{c^2}{a}\ge2c-a\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\ge2a+2b+2c-a-b-c=a+b+c\)

Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow M=2x^2-xy^2+1-\left(-x^3+3x^2y+2\right)=2x^2-xy^2+1+x^3-3x^2y-2=x^3-3x^2y-xy^2+2x^2-1\)

Đó là bài 289 mà bạn