• Read two passages and circle the correct words:

A.    Industrial farming methods are commonplace, but the philosophy of organic farming could be about to change the way many of us eat. Consumers have (1) dangerous / grave concerns about eating fruit and vegetables that have been grown with the use of pesticides and chemical (2) fertilizers / additives. The use of chemicals might make the crops immune to (3) epidemics / infestations, but consumers have started to worry about the (4) adverse / modified effects that such farming techniques might have. Organic farming could offer a solution to this problem. Farmers are able to cultivate (5) abundant / plenty crops using natural fertilizers. The same is true for farms involved in the meat and (6) dairy / milk product industries. Farmers can use organic feed for their (7) livestock / meat instead of giving them harmful processed foods. Organic farming might also avoid some of the (8) hygiene / wellbeing issues that are connected to industrial farming, as well as giving people better quality meat to choose from.

B.    A study in the late 1960s demonstrated how children can become more (9) principled / neurotic and self-disciplined if they resist temptation regularly. A single marshmallow was placed in front of a child to monitor how they would (10) exert / conduct themselves in tempting situations. They were told they could eat that marshmallow immediately or have two if they waited 15 minutes. Most children said they would wait, but they couldn't resist and polished off the sweet quickly. The only way some children could keep a cool (11) face / head and avoid eating the marshmallow was to look away or cover their eyes. Researchers kept track of the children as they aged, and the ones who couldn't wait were more (12) compatible / vulnerable to problems such as obesity and were also more (13) tempted / prone to suffering from drug addiction and severe behavioral (14) disorders/ dysfunctions in adulthood.

• Read the following passage. Decide if the statements from 1 - 4 are True or False, and choose the correct answers (A, B, C, or D) for the questions 5 - 8.

      My name is Tsukasa Richard Nakai. I am 33-years-old and I am an avid Star Wars fan! My favorite character is Darth Vader. I’m currently involved in the Best Buddies Friendship Program, Ambassador Program, and the Jobs Program.

      I’ve been part of the Best Buddies chapter at UCLA since February 2017 and I am currently their Buddy Director. I’ve been an ambassador since March 2017, and through the Jobs Program, I now work as a part-time employee in the Best Buddies California State Office as an administrative assistant… I love it!

      My life before joining Best Buddies was one of self-loathing. In October 2000, I had been diagnosed with Asperger syndrome. I had never fully accepted who I was as a person and I was always very self-critical. Despite my achievements, including becoming a published author and a college graduate, I would never praise myself or give myself a kind word. The one person who helped me on my journey of self-acceptance was one of my colleagues, Tori Braden. When she was Chapter President at UCLA, she asked me if I wanted to become an Ambassador.  I replied, YES! — thinking that I wouldn’t get asked to do too much, but I was mistaken!

      One month after I participated in the Ambassador Training at UCLA, the Program Supervisor of our area called me and asked me if I wanted to do a speaking engagement for one of our sponsors at the Best Buddies Challenge: Hearst Castle! It wasn’t until I started interning at Best Buddies state office in California, that I found out Tori had advocated on my behalf. This was unusual; we barely knew each other, but she took a huge risk on me and it paid off for both of us.

+ QUESTIONS:

1. Nakai has been participating Best Buddies chapter at UCLA since February 2017, then became ambassador in March 2017 and adopted Jobs Program. _________

2. Tori Braden was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome in October 2000 while she was the Chapter President at UCLA. .....

3. Richard Nakai was called by our regional program supervisor and asked if he would like to give a speaking engagement. .....

4. Nakai once achieved becoming a published author and a college graduate although he never complimented himself or did himself a single word of kindness. __________

5. What is Richard Nakai's favorite program?

A. Best Buddies Friendship Program                       B. Star Wars

C. Ambassador Program                                          D. Jobs Program

6. Why doesn't Richard Nakai completely accept who he is?

A. Because he had an inferiority complex about his achievements.               

B. Because Nakai didn't achieve a presentation for one of our sponsors at the Best Buddies Challenge.

C. Because he believes that he won't be required to do too much.               

D. Because he has been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome and including his achievements.

7. What does the word "ambassador" in line 4 mean?

A. An individual who is represented and carries out the functions of a given organization.

B. The highest-ranking diplomatic officer is appointed to represent a country.

C. A person who freely offers to take part in an enterprise or undertake a task.                                                                           

D. A person sent on a special mission, usually as a diplomatic representative.

8. The word “self-acceptance” in line 9 is CLOSEST in meaning to:

A. self-discovery                                                       B. self-rejection

C. self-approval                                                        D. mortification

I, TRANSFORMATION:

1. Let’s meet at the café corner.

-> What about ……………………………………………………………………………..?

2. Let’s avoid close contact with live animals.

-> The doctors suggested …………………………………………………………………

3. I’ve forgotten that man’s name, but he’s very famous.

-> That man, whose ____________________________________________________

4. They’re putting many garbage bins along the road.

-> Many garbage ___________________________________________________________

5. If you don’t leave now, you’ll be late for school.

-> Unless ______________________________________________________________

6. We tried hard, but we couldn’t win the contest.

-> We couldn’t _____________________________________________________

7. The story wasn’t interesting to the boys.

-> The boys were not _________________________________________________

8. I don’t want to go out because of my sickness.

-> Since I ______________________________________________

9. The accident happened since he drove carelessly.

Because of _____________________________________________________

10. Her son wasn’t seen at the party last night.

-> No one _____________________________________.

11, The garden is too small for us to play football in.

-> It is such ___________________________________________________.

• Find and correct the FIVE mistakes in the conversation between two lecturers.

Isabella: I'm trying to organize an overseas trip for our final year students but I've run into a few problems. Would you mind helping me out?
Martin: Not at all.
Isabella: Well, first, I can't decide where the best place to go is.
Martin: why not to create a poll and list 10 places for people to vote for and choose the most popular?
Isabella: Good idea! Provided I can work out the technology, I could easily set that up. Do you have any ideas about finding the best accommodation?
Martin: You ought look at a few comparison websites. They'll have lots of reviews as well as offers for large groups. Although on second thoughts, made sure you don't book the hotel before asking the students first. Furthermore, you better ask the students about how much they want to spend, otherwise they might not be able to afford it!
Isabella: Thanks Martin! should you thinking about a career as a travel agent.

• Complete this text about a traveler by adding the following words in the correct place. Use each word once.

(plenty / another / every / whole / much / many / each)

       In 2016, Sal Lavallo quit his job and embarked on a quest to visit (1) __________ single country on the planet. It wasn’t actually as ambitious as it may sound. Sal had been to an international school, where he had classmates from across the      (2) __________ world. He’d kept in touch with them, and so there were (3) __________ of people he knew he’d be able to stay with during his journey, which would save him some money. Spending so (4) __________ time on the road, Sal has learned to expect the unexpected. ‘I tried to enter Ivory Coast by two different land borders, but (5) __________ was closed’ Sal says. Fortunately, the third was open, enabling Sal to tick off yet (6) __________ country from his growing list. One thing he’s enjoyed about visiting so (7) __________ countries has been the opportunity to establish new friendships and to see what he describes as the beauty within people. ‘I am yet to meet a person that I am unable to connect with and feel similar to. When I look at a map I see faces.’