làm tròn: a, 23,41966669 b, 25,16666667 c.27,075

Read the following passage and do the tasks below:

Day after day we hear about how anthropogenic development is causing global warming. According to an increasingly vocal minority, however, we should be asking ourselves how much of this is media hype and how much is based on real evidence. It seems, as so often is the case that it depends on which expert you listen to, or which statistics you study.

Yes, it is true that there is a mass of evidence to indicate that the world is getting warmer, with one of the world's leading weather predictors stating that air temperatures have shown an increase of just under half a degree Celsius since the beginning of the twentieth century. And while this may not sound like anything worth losing sleep over, the international press would have us believe that the consequences could be devastating. Other experts, however, are of the opinion that what we are seeing is just part of a natural upward and downward swing that has always been part of the cycle of global weather. An analysis of the views of major meteorologists in the United States showed that less than 20% of them believed that any change in temperature over the last hundred years was our own fault - the rest attributed it to natural cyclical changes.

There is, of course, no denying that we are still at a very early stage in understanding weather. The effects of such variables as rainfall, cloud formation, the seas and oceans gases such as methane and ozone, or even solar energy are still not really understood, and therefore the predictions that we make using them cannot always be relied on. Dr. James Hansen, in 1988, was predicting that the likely effects of global warming would be a rising of world temperature which would have disastrous consequences for mankind: “a strong cause and effect relationship between the current climate and human alteration of the atmosphere ". He has now gone on record as stating that using artificial models of climate as a way of predicting change is all but impossible. In fact, he now believes that, rather than getting hotter, our planet is getting greener as a result of the carbon dioxide increase, with the prospect of increasing vegetation in areas which in recent history have been frozen wastelands.

In fact, there is some evidence to suggest that as our computer-based weather models have become more sophisticated, the predicted rises in temperature have been cut back. In addition, if we look at the much reported rise in global temperature over the last century, a close analysis reveals that the lion's share of that increase, almost three quarters in total, occurred before man began to "poison" his world with industrial processes and the accompanying greenhouse gas emissions in the second half of the twentieth century.

So should we pay any attention to those stories that scream out at us from billboards and television news headlines, claiming that man, with his inexhaustible dependence on oil-based machinery and ever more sophisticated forms of transport is creating a nightmare level of greenhouse gas emissions, poisoning his environment and ripping open the ozone layer? Doubters point to scientific evidence, which can prove that, of all the greenhouse gases, only two percent come from man-made sources, the rest resulting from natural emissions. Who, then, to believe: the environmentalist exhorting us to leave the car at home, to buy re-usable products packaged in recycled paper and to plant trees in our back yard? Or the skeptics, including, of course, a lot of big businesses who have most to lose, when they tell us that we are making a mountain out of a molehill? And my own opinion? The jury's still out as far as I am concerned!

Question 1-6: Choose the appropriate letters (A, B, C or D), based on the information from the passage.

1. The author ........

A believes that man is causing global warming

B believes that global warming is a natural process

C is sure what the causes of global warming are

D does not say what he believes the causes of global warming are

2. As to the cause of global warming, the author believes that ........

A occasionally the facts depend on who you are talking to

B the facts always depend on who you are talking to

C often the facts depend on which expert you listen to

D you should not speak to experts

3. More than 80% of the top meteorologists in the United States are of the opinion that .........

A global warming should make us lose sleep

B global warming is not the result of natural cyclical changes, but man-made

C the consequences of global warming will be devastating

D global warming is not man-made, but the result of natural cyclical changes

4. Our understanding of weather ...........

A leads to reliable predictions

B is variable

C cannot be denied

D is not very developed yet

5. Currently, Dr. James Hansen's beliefs include the fact that .......

A it is nearly impossible to predict weather change using artificial models

B the consequences of global warming would be disastrous for mankind

C there is a significant link between the climate now, and man's changing of the atmosphere

D Earth is getting colder

6. Which of these is the best title for this text?

A Global Warming is for real

B Global warming - media hype or genuine threat?

C Weather changes over the last 100 years

D Global Warming - the greatest threat to mankind

Normally, a crèche is where children are looked after while their parents work, but recently a shopping center opened a ‘crèche’ which (1)…….. men to play computer games while their partners go shopping. The aim is to (2)…….. men to feel that shopping is fun. You only have to (3)……… at men’s faces in a shopping center in the UK to realize that they find shopping less (4)………. than women. Whether they are well off or (5)……….. up, the effect is the same: they are so anxious before they go shopping that their stress levels increase to a truly (6)……… extent, comparable to those felt by (7)……. fighter pilots or riot police. According to one psychologist, women are much more (8)……… in the shops and men get so impatient because men are less used to shopping than women. She adds that, quite (9)……. over the years, women have developed a laid-back (10)………. to shopping, but that men’s negative feelings (11)………. when they are buying things for people other than themselves. It’s understandable, then, that women (12)……….. men for not (13)…….. an effort when it comes to buying things for the family. She notes that, in the UK, many men (14)………… to go shopping at all, or claim to feel (15)……… out after only five minutes. Let’s hope the crèche makes a difference!

Each and (0)………every…………day we see hundreds of advertising images. (1)…………..other of image confronts us (2)………………….anything like the same frequency. Never in history (3)…………….there been such a concentration of visual messages. The brain cannot help (4)…………..take these messages in, and for a moment they stimulate the imagination (5)……………virtue of their appeal to memory or expectation.

Advertising is usually justified as a competitive medium of benefit (6)……………….the public and efficient manufactures. (7)…………………it may be true that, in advertising, one particular brand competes against another, it is also just (8)……………….true that such publicity images confirm and enhance others. That there are choices to be made (9)…………….without saying but, ultimately, advertising as a system makes a single proposal- namely (10)……………..we transform ourselves, or our lives, by buying something more. We are led to believe that, by (11)…………..doing, we will in (12)………….way or another become richer- but in fact we will become poor, (13)…………………….spent our money.

Advertising shows us people who have apparently been transformed into a new state and are, as a result, enviable. The state of being envied is (14)……………….constitutes glamour. And advertising is in the business (15)……………..manufacturing glamour.

Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits the space in the same line.

In most lines of the following text, there is either a spelling or an punctuation error, for each numbered line 1- 15, write the correctly spelt word or show the correct punctuation in the space on the right. Some lines are correct. Indicate these lines with a tick (P). The first three lines are done for you as examples.

viết lại câu:

you should have read the instructions carefully -> you are

she is shy. that's why she didn't go to your party last night -> if

My phone is out of order. It's a real nuisance -> my phone

vieết lại câu:

you should have read the instructions carefully -> you are

she is shy. that's why she didn't go to your party last night -> if

My phone is out of order. It's a real nuisance -> my phone

1. There / loud / explosion / the moment / we/ get/out/ building