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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Earth is richly supplied with different types of living organisms which co-exist in their environments, forming complex, interrelated communities. Living organisms depend on one another for nutrients, shelter, and other benefits. The extinction of one species can set off a chain reaction that affects many other species, particularly if the loss occurs near the bottom of the food chain. For example, the extinction of a particular insect or plant might seem inconsequential. However, there may be fish or small animals that depend on that resource for foodstuffs. The loss can threaten the survival of these creatures and larger predators that prey upon them. Extinction can have a ripple effect that spreads throughout nature. In addition to its biological consequences, extinction poses a moral dilemma for humans, the only species capable of saving the others. The presence of humans on the planet has affected all other life forms, particularly plants and animals. Human lifestyles have proven to be incompatible with the survival of some other species. Purposeful efforts have been made to eliminate animals that prey on people, livestock, crops, or pose any threat to human livelihoods. Some wild animals have been decimated by human desire for meat, hides, fur, or other body parts with commercial value. Likewise, demand for land, water, and other natural resources has left many wild plants and animals with little to no suitable habitat. Humans have also affected nature by introducing non-native species to local areas and producing pollutants having a negative impact on the environment. The combination of these human-related effects and natural obstacles such as disease or low birthrates has proven to be too much for some species to overcome. They have no chance of survival without human help. As a result, societies have difficult choices to make about the amount of effort and money they are willing to spend to save imperiled species. Will people accept limits on their property rights, recreational activities, and means of livelihood to save a plant or an animal? Should saving such popular species as whales and dolphins take priority over saving obscure, annoying, or fearful species? Is it the responsibility of humans to save every kind of life form from disappearing, or is extinction an inevitable part of nature, in which the strong survive and the weak perish? These are some difficult questions that people face as they ponder the fate of other species living on this planet.
(Source: http://www.encyclopedia.com)

The word "They" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

A. natural obstacles

B. low birthrates

C. some species 

D. human-related effects

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 38 to 42.

         There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most (38)_______held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder even if it means (39)______the pavement into a busy street! If you must pass under a

ladder, you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed until you have seen a dog. Alternatively, you may lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the mark has dried.

        Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house - it will either bring misfortune to the person who opened it or to the whole (40)______. Anyone opening an umbrella in

the fine weather is unpopular, as it inevitably brings rain!

        The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month (41)_______on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay indoors. The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to be originated in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.

        Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are associated with witchcraft. It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses your path - although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.

        Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood (42)________luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “My car has never broken down, touch wood?”

Điền vào ô 42.

A. as

B. in

C. for 

D. of