Rewrite these sentences, using the nouns corresponding to the verbs.

1.      She usually brushes her hair before going out.

She usually gives her hair a ............................................................................

2.      She complained about his rudeness.

She had a number of .........................................................................................

3.      Because of engine trouble, the plane had to land on the fields.

Because of engine trouble, the plane had to make a ...................................

4.      Just look at this picture.

Take a .........................................................................................................

5.      I love her very much.

I’m in ..............................................................................................................

6.      We must start early.

We must make an ..........................................................................................

7.      He received her letter of the 10th.

He was in ........................................................................................................

8.      After lunch time she usually rests.

After lunch time she usually takes a ..................................................................

Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.

LEARNING VOCABULARY

Do you (1)________ hours trying to memorize lists of words? Do you look (2) ________ in a dictionary the meaning of every word you don't know? If  so, you may not be  doing yourself a favor. Research suggests that the (3) ________ way of building your vocabulary is by seeing words (4) ________ context and the obvious way to do that is to read as  often as you (5) ________. Regular exposure to written English, say 15 minutes every day, will be much (6) ________ useful than working really hard (7) ________ the evening once a week. This is (8) ________ the brain remembers information best when (9) ________ is associated with other information. The more you enjoy reading the more you will read. Pop songs (as long  as  they are in English) and TV programs will help in the same way. Who says that learning can’t (10) ________ fun?

Read the passage below. For each paragraph, choose the most suitable heading from the list which follows. There is one extra heading you do not need to use.

PROCESSED FOOD
A. Not all doctors agree.
B. Adequate nourishment essential.
C. Additives disguise bad ingredients.
D. Diet to be fat-free, sugar-free.
E. Coffee increases risk of heart disease.
F. Tea and coffee bad for you.
G. Processed food may be bad for you.
H. Doctor's argument not logical.

1. ..........................
After the cigarette manufacturers, it has become the turn of the food processors to suffer the attacks of those who would have us lead a healthy life. Sometimes you have the feeling that almost everything you eat is liable to damage your brain, clog your arteries, ulcerate your stomach, or impact your intestine. On the other hand, it is certainly true that there is nothing like reading the list of ingredients on the back of a cereal packet or a pot of jam to put you off your breakfast.
2. ..........................
One dietician writes of pork pies as follows: "People wouldn't buy a pork pie if chemicals had not been designed into them. A pork pie can contain as much as 50 per cent of highly saturated fat which is bad for the heart and arteries. A perfectly good pork pie could be made from reasonable ingredients but it is cheaper to make it with additives because less meat is then needed. The additives in the pie do little harm in themselves. The fat is made acceptable by a perfectly safe emulsifier. Added colour makes the fat look like meat. The additives in it deceive our senses and persuade us to eat too much fat. Even if the additives themselves are considered to be relatively safe, the nutritional consequences are appalling."
3. ..........................
Since a study by Johns Hopkins Medical Centre, Baltimore, in the mid-eighties, coffee has been on everyone's blacklist. According to the study: "Regardless of the measure of coffee consumption used, analyses found that heavy coffee drinkers were almost three times more likely to have coronary disease than were non-drinkers. Even one or two cups of coffee a day appear to be associated with a small extra risk of heart disease - a one-third increase over non-drinkers." The one piece of good news appears to be that the risk decreases rapidly once a person stops drinking coffee.
4. ..........................
Few arguments create greater passion among medical experts than the supposed link between diet and heart disease. Some doctors, however, refuse to accept any connection between the two. They have argued that diets which cut back on dairy produce, although unlikely to cause physical harm, could lead to malnutrition, particularly among children. They are appalled that breakfast, that traditional British meal, should be under attack by the spectre of disease. Come between some doctors and their bacon and eggs and feelings will run high.
5. ..........................
The nutritionists have fought back. They remain convinced that sugary, fatty foods lead to preventable ill health. One doctor argues that a fibre-rich diet is only of use to those who suffer from diabetes. Rubbish, say the nutritionists, and go on to point out that "over one third of British adults are constipated. At least one in seven takes laxatives. And dietary fibre is of proven value in the treatment of constipation."
6. ..........................
Yet another doctor argues that dental decay should really be seen as a disease which results from a lack of fluoride. What we need to do is clean our teeth like crazy, have them coated with sealants, and take fluorides daily. The nutritionist blasts back by pointing out that you might as well say that headaches are caused by a lack of aspirin.
7. ..........................
What we do know is that nutrition does affect health. Too little food and too much food are both bad for you. In Britain, poor boys tend to be two inches shorter on average than rich boys.

Choose the correct forms of the verbs.

1.      Police found the woman to lie/ lying dead on the floor.

2.      I don’t mind to be shouted/ being shouted at by him. He threatened to sack/ sacking me last week, but he apologised very politely later.

3.      We had arranged to meet/ meeting in my office so that he could check/ checking the documents.

4.      We found it very difficult to work/ working with Gemma. She keeps forgetting to pass/ passing on important message, and she won’t let anybody to help/ help her.

5.      Thank you for invite/ inviting me to come and see you next month. I’m already excited about to see/ seeing you again.

6.      Look! We aren’t allowed to park/ parking here. The car needs to park/ parking on the right position.

7.      I came here to see/ seeing Janet. She must have forgotten I was coming. - It seems rather careless of her to forget/ forgetting.

8.      You say you need some advice? ~Yes, I’m sorry to bother/ bothering you, but I don’t know who to ask/ to be asked.

9.      I planned to visit/ visiting my parents last week, but they suggested to postpone/ postponing the visit for a week because they hadn’t finished to decorate/ decorating the spare room.

10.  The orator stopped talking/ to talk. He felt thirsty so he stopped to have/having a drink.

11.  I had difficulty to find/ finding way to solve the situation. - There’s nothing you can do about this situation, so it’s no use to worry/ worrying about it.

12.  I congratulated Ann on to pass/ passing the exam. She spent a lot of time to study/ studying.

13.  Did you accuse Nigel of to break/ breaking a plate? - Well, I saw him knock/ knocking it off the table with his elbow.

14.  Are you going to have a rest now after to do/ doing all the cleaning? - No, I’ve got some letter to write/ writing.

15.  I’m annoyed about to be/ being late. - Well, I told you to set/ setting off in good time, didn’t I?

16.  She would like him to wear/ wearing a tie because they are going to a concert.

17.  I’m sorry to keep/ keeping you to wait/ waiting. But I’m really afraid to go/ going out in the rain.

18.  I can’t read when I’m traveling. It makes me feel/ to feel sick, even in a train. I’d rather just look/ looking out of the window.

19.  I need to know/ knowing what’s in the letter. Why don’t you let me read/ reading it?

20.  We’d hate the house to be left/ being left empty.

1.      I have a friend who claims ____________________ (be) able to speak five languages.

2.      He likes __________________ (think) carefully about things before ____________________ (make) a decision.

3.      Steve used ____________________ (be) a footballer. He had to stop ____________________ (play) because of an injury.

4.      After ____________________ (stop) by the police, the man admitted ____________________ (steal) the car but denied ____________________ (drive) at 100 miles an hour.

5.      How do you make this machine ____________________ (work)?

~ I’m not sure. Try ____________________ (press) that button and see what happen.

6.      They don’t allow ______________________ (smoke) in the auditorium, they don’t want ____________________ (risk) ____________________ (set) it on fire.

7.      Would you like me ____________________ (turn) down the radio?

~ No, it’s all right. I’m used to ____________________ (work) with the radio on.

8.      I always try __________________ (come) in quietly but they always hear me ___________________ (go) up­stairs. It’s impossible ____________________ (climb) an old wooden staircase at night without ____________________ (make) noise.