1. he didn’t miss the plane because he hurriedWomen can delay having children due to effective birth control methods.

A. If there are not effective birth control methods

B. , women can not delay having children

C. Unless women could delay having children there were not effective birth control methods

D. If there were not effective birth control methods, women could not delay having children

E. If there had not had effective birth control methods, women could not have delayed having children

2. He can not find a good job because he doesn’t know how to use a computer

A. If he knows how to use a computer, he can find a good job

B. If he knew how to use a computer, he could find a good job

C. If he had known how to use a computer, he could have found a good job

D. If he had known how to use a computer, he could find a good job

3. The coffee was too hot for us to drink

A. Although the coffee was so hot we could drink it

B. If the coffee were not too hot, we could drink it

C. If the coffee had not been too hot, we could have drunk it

D. Because the coffee was too hot, we drank it

4. He had spent his money carelessly and became broke

A. If he doesn’t spend his money carelessly, he will not become broke

B. If he didn’t spend his money carelessly, he would not become broke

C. If he hadn’t spent his money carelessly, he would not have become broke

If he didn’t spend his money carelessly, he would not have become broke

Wild animals (and wild plants) and the wild places where they live are seriously threatened almost everywhere. One species has become extinct in each year of this century. But many hundreds are now in danger. Lack of attention would lead to the rapid advance of the process of extinction.

Already many kinds of wild animals have been so reduced in number that their role in the ecosystem is forgotten. Animals like the great apes, the whales, seals etc. thought to be in danger of extinction.

But even more important, perhaps than individual kinds of animals and plants, whole habitats are in danger of vanishing: marshes are being drained, and the world forests, especially tropical forests are being cut down to satisfy man’s needs of timber and paper.

What would our world be like if all the wild animals and wild plants vanished? - Would our life still exist then?

1. What would happen to the human beings if the wild life vanished?

A. Many species would quickly become extinct.

B. The human life would be seriously threatened.

C. Species would go on dying out.

D. Tropical forests would be cut down.

2. What is more important than individual kinds of animals and plants?

A. the vanishing of whole habitats. B. the extinction of many species.

D. man’s need of timber and paper. C. the rapid advance of the process of extinction.

3. What does the writer caution us against?

A. cutting down the tropical forests. B. hunting wild animals.

C. draining marshes. D. destroying our environment.

4. What would happen if we cut down forests?

Cutting down forests would cause ……………..

A. the changes of temperature. B. the flood

C. both A and B are correct. D. none are correct.

5. “To threaten” in the passage means …………..

A. to pollute B. to give fear to C. to vanish D. to poison

Read the following passage and choose the most appropriate answer from A,B,C or D to answer questions.
Human memory, formerly believed to be rather inefficient, is really more sophisticated than that of a computer. Researchers approaching the problem from a variety of points of view have all concluded that there is a great deal more stored in our minds than has been generally supposed. Dr. Wilder Penfield, a Canadian neurosurgeon, proved that by stimulating their brains electrically, he could elicit the total recall of specific events in his subjects’ lives. Even dreams and other minor events supposedly forgotten for many years suddenly emerged in detail.

Although the physical basis for memory is not yet understood, one theory is that the fantastic capacity for storage in the brain is the result of an almost unlimited combination of interconnections between brain cells, stimulated by patterns of activity. Repeated references to the same information support recall. Or, to say that another way, improved performance is the result of strengthening the chemical bonds in the memory.

1. With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?

A. Wilder Penfield B. Neurosurgery

C. Human memory D. Chemical reactions

2. According to the passage, researchers have concluded that

A. the mind has a much greater capacity for memory than was previously believed.

B. the physical basis for memory is clear.

C. different points of view are valuable.

D. human memory is inefficient.

3. How did Penfield elicit dreams and other minor events from the past?

A. By surgery B. By electric stimulation C. By repetition D. By chemical stimulation

4. According to the passage, the capacity for storage in the brain

A. can be understood by examining the physiology.

B. is stimulated by patterns of activity.

C. has a limited combination of relationships.

D. is not influenced by repetition.

5. The word “bonds” in the last line means

A. promises. B. agreements. C. connections. D. responsibilities

1.A:is he? B: In the garden, I think.

A. How B. What C. Where D. Who

2.A: _____________ wants to come? B: We all do.

A. When B. Who C. What D. How

3. A: _____________ are you going? B: Out.

A. Where B. Why C. Which D. Whose

4.A: _____________ does it leave?B: I don't know.

A. When B. How C. Who D. What

5. A: _____________ are you so happy? B: I've got a new job.

A. When B. What for C. What D. Why

6. A: _____________ is she here? B: Because she want to see me.

A. Why B. Whose C. Which D. Where

7. A: _____________ the matter? B: I don't feel well.

A. Who's B. What's C. When's D. How's

8. A: _____________ is he? B: Oh, that's John.

A. Where B. Who C. How D. What

9. A: _____________ do you want to come? B: I'm free at four-thirty.

A. What B. When C. How D. Where

10. A: _____________ is that? B: Mary's, I think.

A. Whose B. What C. Why D. When

11. A: _____________ is he?B: Getting better.

A. What B. Who C. How D. Where

12. A: _____________ do you do? B: How do you do?

A. Who B. What C. When D. How

13. A: _____________ do you work? B: At MacDonald's.

A. Where B. When C. How D. What

14. A: _____________ does it leave from?B: Over there, by the newspaper shop.

A. Which B. Whose C. Where D. Why

15. A: _____________ can't you do it? B: My computer is broken.

A. Why B. Which C. Where D. Whose

16. A: _____________ can't you do it?B: My computer is broken.

A. Why B. Which C. Where D. Whose

17. A: _____________ papers are these?B: Not mine.

A. Where B. Why C. Whose D. Which

18. A: _____________ students want to come? B: Only John and Adam.

A. Where B. Why C. Whose D. Which

19. A: _____________ one do you want?B: The blue one, please.

A. When B. How C. Which D. Who

20. A: _____________ do you do?B: I'm a student.

A. What B. Who C. Where D. How

21. A: _____________ don't you want to come? B:I don't like discos.

A. Which B. Where C. Whose D. Why

1. I enjoy_______ alone.

a. be b. being c. to be d. to have been

2. Would you like_______ to the party?

a. to come b. come c. coming d. to have come

3. Do you mind_______ such a long way to work everyday?

a. to travel b. travel c. to have traveled d. traveling

4. I don’t like that house. I would hate_______ there.

a. live b. living c. to lie d. to have lived

5. I don't like that house. I would hate_______ there.

a. live b. living c. to live d. to have lived

6. Sometimes I'd like_______ to play the piano.

a. to learn b. learn c. learning d. to have learned

7. Please remember_______ this letter.

a. to post b. post c. posting d. to have posted

8. We tried_______ the fire out but we were unsuccessful. We had to call the fire-brigade.

a. putting b. put c. to put d. to have put

9. When you see John, remember_______ it by the window and now it has gone.

a. to have given b. giving c. give d. to give

10. Someone must have taken my bad. I clearly remember_______ it by the window and now it has gone.

a. leave b. leaving c. to leave d. to have left

11. Jane needed some money. She tried_______ Harry but he couldn't help her.

a. to have asked b. ask c. to ask d. asking

12. I think they are now accustomed to _______ 12 hours a day.

a. work b. to work c. worked d. working

13. He tried_______ the shelf but he wasn't tall enough.

a. reach b. reaching c. to reach d. to have reached

14. Alice didn't expect_______ to Bill's party

a. asking b. being asked c. to ask d. to be asked

15. I finally finished_______ at 7:00 pm and served dinner.

a. cooking b. being cooked c. to cook d. to be cooked

16. Sam always remembers_______ in the garage so that the driveway in free for other cars.

a. parking b. being parked c. to park d. to be parked

17. The nurse suggested_______ two aspirins.

a. taking b. being taken c. to take d. to be taken

18. Would you mind not_______ the radio until I've finished with this phone call?

a. turning on b. being turned on c. to turn on d. to be turned on

19. They were fortunate_______ from the fire before the building collapsed.

a. rescuing b. to have rescued c. to rescue d. to have been rescued

20. The house family avoided_______ by coming out only when the house was empty and the two cats were outside.

a. catching b. being caught c. to have been caught d. to be caught

Exercise 2

1. It's very kind of you_______ so.

a. say b. to say c. saying d. to be saying

2. Please show me how_______ this.

a. do b. to do c. doing d. to have done

3. One is never too old_______

a. learning b. learn c. to have learned d. to learn

4. You are old enough_______ out alone.

a. going b. go c. to go d. to have gone

5. I'm very glad_______ you.

a. to meet b. meet c. meeting d. to be meeting

6. It's nice_______ you.

a. to know b. know c. knowing d. to be knowing

7. You have no right_______ my daughter.

a. see b. to see c. seeing d. to have seen

8. Please tell me what_______

a. doing b. do c. to do d. to have done

9. I forbid you _______ my letter.

a. to read b. read c. to have read d. reading

10. We stopped_______ hello to her.

a. say b. saying b. to have said d. to say

11. We came_______ help her.

a. help b. to help c. to have helped d. helping

12. I'll invite her_______ my daughter.

a. teaching b. teach c. to teach d. to have taught

13. I don’t feel like_______ to the cinema now.

a. go b. going c. to go d. to have gone

14. It's no good_______ video games.

a. play b. to have played c. to play d. playing

15. It's no use_______ with him.

a. working b. work c. to work d. to have worked

1. Christine is much _________ in chemistry than Janet.

A. as good B. as better C. the best D. better

2. I have _________ boss in the world

A. a good B. best C. the better D. the best

3. Riding a car is _______ flying.

A. more dangerous as B. as dangerous than C. as dangerous as D. most dangerous than

4. _________ the police force, the more violent the city.

A. The large B. The larger C. The largest D. The largely

5. Stella drives more _________ Phil.

A. careful as B. carefully as C. careful than D. carefully than

6. She plays the piano _________ as she sings.

A. as beautiful B. as beautifully C. more as beautifully D. the most as beautifully

7. Both Emma and Sylvia work well, but Sylvia is _________ of the two.

A. the more talented B. the most talented C. more talented D. most talented

8. The more organized the community, __________ the neighborhood.

A. more safe B. most safe C. the most safety D. the safer

9. Paris is __________ exciting ___________ London.

A. as – than B. as – as C. more – as D. more – than

10. The more you pull on it, _____________ it gets.

A. the tightest B. the tighter C. the more tightest D. the most tightest.

11. The more we learn, ______________.

A. we become wise B. we become wiser C. wiser we become D. the wiser we become

12. She practices playing the piano _________ than I do.

A. more regularly B. most regularly C. quite regularly D. as regularly

13. Peter is _____ John.

A. younger and more intelligent than B. more young and intelligent than

C. more intelligent and younger than D. the more intelligent and younger than

14. San Diego is ________ town in Southern California.

A. more nice and nice B. the nicer C. the nicest D. nicer and nicer

15. It gets _________ when the winter is coming.

A. cold and cold B. the coldest and coldest C. colder and colder D. more and more cold

16. Robert does not have _______ Peter does.

A. money more than B. as many money as C. more money as D. as much money as

17. As she did so, her parents became _________.

A. the angriest B. the most angry C. the more angry D. angrier and angrier

18. He spent a year in India and loves spicy food. ________ the food is, _______ he likes it.

A. The hotter/ the more and more B. The hotter/ the more

C. The more and more hot D. The hottest / the most

19. I feel ___________ I did yesterday.

A. much more tired than B. many more tired than

C. as many tired as D. as more tired as

20. Mary was _________ of the two sisters.

A. the clever B. as clever as C. the cleverer D. the cleverest

21. French is a _________ language to learn than English is.

A. difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult D. more and more difficult

22. Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most. _______ he becomes, _______ he is.

A. The more rich/ the more happy B. The richest/ the happiest

C. The richer/ the happier D. Richer and richer/ happier and happier

23. Try this question. It is ___________

A. less difficult B. less and less difficult C. least difficult D. more and more difficult

24. He is not______________ tall as his father.

A. the B. as C. than D. more

25. John’s grades are_____________than his sister’s.

A. higher B. more high C. more higher D. the highest

26. Deana is the_______________ of the three sisters.

A. most short B. shorter C. shortest D. more short

27. She speaks English as_____________ as her friend does.

A. good B. well C. better D. the best

28. Of the three shirts, this one is the_____________ .

A. prettier B. most prettiest C. prettiest D. most pretty

29. The baby’s illness is_______________ than we thought at first.

A. bad B. badder C. worse D. badly

30. Today is the_____________ day of the month.

A. hoter B. hotter C. hotest D. hottest

31. He works more______________ than I.

A. slow B. slowly C. most slowly D. slowest

32. My book is as______________ as yours.

A. good B. well C. better D. the best

33. I love you_____________ than I can say.

A. much B. many C. more D. the most

There are many varieties of spider in the American Southwest, but none receives more respect than the western black widow, Latrodectus Hesperus. This poisonous spider, also called the “hour-glass” or “shoe-button” spider for the shape of the red markings on its abdomen, produces a venom 15 times more powerful than that of a rattlesnake. However, few deaths can be blamed on this insect because bites are rare and only a small amount of poison enters the body.

The female adult black widow may reach a length of 1 ¼ inches, while the smaller male averages ¼ inch long. The adult female has a shiny black bulb-shaped abdomen, which distinguishes it from the male of the species. The male is generally brown with red and white markings on its flat underside.

The female adult deposits its eggs in specially constructed sacs that hold from 50 to 250 eggs. The tiny pale spiderlings hatch within a few months and gradually develop into adults in one to two years. Some females live up to three years. The male does not fare so well, as it sometimes suffers the fate of being consumed by the female after the summer mating season.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Varieties of spider in the southwestern U.S.

B. Characteristics of Latrodectus Hesperus

C. Poisonous animals of the American Southwest

D. the abdomens of black widow spiders

2. It can be inferred from the passage that rattlesnakes

A. cause more deaths than black widows

B. do not have markings on their bodies

C. are limited in geographical range

D. have more powerful venom than black widows

3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a difference between a male and female black widow?

A. Its body length B. The shape of its body

C. The potency of its venom D. Its life span

4. In line 7, the word “underside” refers to

A. the portion of the head closest to the ground

B. the legs C. the upper back D. the abdomen

5. According to the passage, the maturation of baby black widow spiders occurs

A. very rapidly B. over a couple of years

C. within several months D. during the summer mating season

1.Indir. The professor explained that Uncle Ho had devoted all his life to Viet Nam.

Dir. . The professor explained, “Uncle Ho …… all his life to Viet Nam.”

a.has devoted b.devotes c.was devoted d.devoting

2.Dir.They asked me ,”Can we study English ?”

Indir. They asked me ………they could study English?

a. whether b.how c.rather d.either

3.Dir. She wondered ,”Is listening linked with reading ?”

Indir. She wondered if……. with reading .

a.was listening linked c.has listening linked

b. listening was linked d.listening has been linked

4.Indirect: the student asked whether computers had developed before the 190’s.

Direct: The student asked, “ ………………..before the 190’s?”

a.Have computers developed

b.Had computers developed

c. computers developed

d. computers have developed

5. Direct: He asked her, “Will you enroll in the Facullty of Letters next years?”

Indirect: He asked her if she would enroll in the Facullty of Letters ……………………. .

a.next year c.the year before

b.the previous year d.the following year

6.Direct: They asked their teacher, “Have you printed your English course?”

Indirect: They asked their teacher whether he ………………….his English course.

a.has printed c.printed

b.have printed d.had printed

7.Direct: He said to the engineers, “ Open a shopping centre in this area”.

Indirect: He told the engineers…………………a shopping centre in that area.

a.to open c.opening

b.open opened

8.Indirect: The director ordered them……………that movement.

a.don’t launch c.not launch

b.not to launch d.launch not

9.Indirect: the physicist told his assistant to carry out his task right away.

Direct: The physicist to his assistant, “ …………….your task right away.”

a.To carry out c.Carry out

b.Carrying out d.Carriess out

10.Indirect: He asked the technician, “ Start the engine at once.

Direct: He………….the technician, “ Start the engine at once.”

a.says c.tell

b.said d.asked

11.Direct: He said, “ I did this exercise myself.”

Indirect: He said that …………….had done that exercise ……………

a.he/ himself c.he / myself

b.I/ myself d.I/ himself

12.Direct: “ My father went there last month.”

Indirect: He said that his father went …………..the previous month.

a.there c.these

b.here d.over here