Gọi a,b lần lượt là số mol của Al, Mg
nH2=10,64/22,4=0,475mol
2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2\(\uparrow\)
a…………….1,5a…………………...0,5a………………….1,5a
Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2\(\uparrow\)
b……………..b……………………..b……………………..b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=10,05\\1,5a+b=0,475\end{matrix}\right.\)<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15mol\\b=0,25mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.mAl=0,15.27=4,05g
mMg=10,05-4,05=6g
b. ta có: nH2SO4pứ= nH2=0,475mol
nH2SO4dư=\(0,475.\dfrac{20\%}{100\%}=0,095\)mol
nH2SO4bđ=nH2SO4pứ+ nH2SO4dư=0,475+0,095=0,57mol
mddH2SO4bđ=\(\dfrac{0,57.98.100\%}{23,52\%}=237,5g\)
mddA=mhh + mddH2SO4bđ - mH2\(\uparrow\)=10,05+237,5-2.0,475=246,6g
Các chất trong ddA gồm: H2SO4dư,Al2(SO4)3,MgSO4
%H2SO4dư=\(\dfrac{0,095.98}{246,6}.100\%=3,78\%\)
%Al2(SO4)3=\(\dfrac{0,5.0,15.342}{246,6}.100\%=10,40\%\)
%MgSO4=\(\dfrac{0,25.120}{246,6}.100\%=12,17\%\)