Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided in the collumn on the right. (0) has been done as an example.
The origins of Halloween
Halloween is celebrated in many parts of the (0)________ (WEST) world, and is a time when people dress up as witches or ghosts, and go "trick-or treating". It is (1) _________ (DOUBT) one of the most popular traditions in the United States and Britain.
The celebration (2) _________(ORIGIN) about two thousand years ago with the Celts. These people were the (3) ________ (INHABIT) of an area that includes Britain, Ireland and Brittany. They relied on the land for their (4) _______ (LIVE), and this meant that they were at the mercy of (5) ________ (PREDICT) weather conditions, especially during the winter.
The Celtic new year began on 1st November, which also marked the beginning of winter, a period (6) _________ (TRADITION) associated with death. On the eve of the new year, it was believed that the barriers between the worlds of the living and the dead were (7) ________ (TEMPORARY) withdrawn, and it was possible to communicate with spirits. The Celts believed that the spirits offered them (8) ________ (GUIDE) and protection, and the Druids (Celtic priests) were (9) _________ (REPUTE) able to predict the future on this point.
When the Roman completed their (10) ________ (CONQUER) of Celtic lands, they added their own flavour to this festival. The advent of Christianity brought about yet other changes.
Write the second sentence in such a way that is is a similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence and use the word given in brackets and other were necessary. Do not change the form of the given world.
1. Dickens last novel was unfinished when he died.
(Without)
2. All the hostages were released by the kidnappers yesterday.
(Let)
3. John was shocked to hear that he had failed his driving test.
(Came)
4. He is likely to come.
(Probability)
5. Mateo did not listen to what his doctor told him.
(Notice)
6. I don't feel like going to the party.
(Mood)
7. The new manager blames me for everything that goes wrong.
(Picking)
8. He talked about nothing except weather.
(Sole)
9. In the end, I felt I had been right to leave the club.
(Regrets)
10. He is different from his brother in almost all aspects.
(Bears)
Every drop of water in the ocean, even in the deepest parts, responds to the forces that create the tides. No other force that affects the sea is so strong. Compared with the tides, the waves created by the wind are surface movements feltno more than a hundred fathoms below the surface. The currents also seldom involve more than the upper several hundred fathoms despite their impressive sweep.
The tides are a response of the waters of the ocean to the pull of the Moon and the more distant Sun. In theory, there is a gravitational attraction between the water and even the outermost star of the universe. In reality, however, the pull of remote stars is so slight as to be obliterated by the control of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun. Just as the Moon rises later each day by fifty minutes, on the average, so, in most places, the time of high tide iscorrespondingly later each day. And as the Moon waxes and wanes in its monthly cycle, so the height of the tide varies. The tidal movements are strongest when the Moon is a sliver in the sky, and when it is full. These are the highest flood tides and the lowest ebb tides of the lunar month and are called the spring tides. At these times, the Sun, Moon, and Earth are nearly in line and the pull of the two heavenly bodies is added together to bring the water high on the beaches, to send its surf upward against the sea cliffs, and to draw a high tide into the harbors. Twice each month, at the quarters of the Moon, when the Sun, Moon, and Earth lie at the apexes of a triangular configuration and the pull of the Sun and Moon are opposed, the moderate tidal movements called neap tides occur. Then the difference between high and low water is less than at any other time during the month.
Choose A, B, C, or D
1. The main point of the first paragraph is ...
A. The wave created by ocean currents are very large
B. Despite the strength of the wind, it only moves surface water
C. Deep ocean water is seldom affected by forces that move water
D. The tides are the most powerful force to affect the movement of ocean water
2. The word "In reality" in the third sentence of the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. Surprisingly
B. Actually
C. Characteristically
D. Similarly
3. According to the passage, the most vital factor in recognizing how much gravitational effect one object in space has on the tides is
A. Size
B. Distance
C. Temperature
D. Density
4. In the ninth sentence of the second paragraph, the word "configuration" is closest in meaning to
A. Unit
B. Center
C. Surface
D. Arrangement
5. Neap tides occur when
A. The sun counteracts the moon's gravitational attraction
B. The moon is full
C. The moon is farthest from the sun
D. Waves created by the wind combine with the moon's gravitational attraction
Read the following article about ice-skating. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-I for each part (1-8) of the article.
A. Prepare yourself
B. The benefits of the sport
C. When things go wrong
D. Different skating techniques
E. A change in approach
F. The right attitude
G. Moving off
H. Holding your body correctly
I. How it all started
1......
Ice skating has a history of thousands of years. Archaelogists have discovered skates made from animal bone. It seems that bone skates were used until the introduction of iron into Scandinavia about the year 200 AD. Among the Scandinavian upper classes, skating was seen as an essential skill.
2.......
In the early 20th century, skating was stylish and reserved, but at the 1924 Winter Olympics, 11-year-old Sonja Henie introduced a more athletic attitude which inspired a new wave of popularity. Nowadays art and athletics are combined and modern skating is both graceful and physically demanding.
3......
For the beginner, balance and control are still important and speed can only increase with proficiency. The position of your body plays a great part in the balance. Legs slightly bowed and the knees bent keep the body weight centred; in effect the body leans slightly forward in this position. For skating, probably more than any other sport or recreation, relaxation is vital.
4......
For the starting position, the heels shoould almost be touching and the feet should be turned outwards. While pushing forward with the back foot, you make a very small movement with the other foot. Fairly easy, isn't it? If you can keep this up for a while, you can then slowly increase the length of your movements as you gain experience.
5......
Knowing how to fall must be learned among the skater's first skills. Even the best of the professionals fall. In order to fall without injury, you should be as relaxed as possible. In this way the shock of hitting the ice is lessened. To get up, use your hands to get into a kneeling position, then stand.
6......
Once you have learned to move on the ice with confidence, there are various styles to be practised - figure skaing, free style, distance, speed, skating in pairs and so on - but the basis of them all, and by far the best approach, is first to learn figure skating and then elementary freestyle. With proper guidance available at most of the ice rinks troughout the country, the basic figures can soon be learned and the turns, jumps and spins of elementary free style will soon follow.
7......
If you look at any good or professional skater, you will see how relaxed they are and how easily they move. To achieve this an expertise programme should be regularly practised. It can be dangerous to skate with a stiff body and warm-up exercises should at least include those for the legs, back and shoulders, with special emphasis on the ankles and knees. After a long or intense session, the same exercises should be used afterwards to avoid stiffness.
8......
Skating improves balance, co-ordination, relaxation and movement. It improves heart and lung activity and generally strengthens the body. Combined with swimming or jogging, it provides a great programme for all-round health and fitness.
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. The keeper had no sooner opened the cage door than the lion attacked him.
Hardly ......
2. No other citynin Vietnam is so large as Ho Chi Minh city.
Ho Chi Minh City is ......
3. They produce a lot of paper, so they need a lot of wood pulp.
The more ......
4. We spent our childhood in that beautiful mountain resort, and we always remember it.
We always ......
5. She insisted that she should be called Joyce.
She insisted on ......
6. It might be a good idea to use honey instead of sugar.
Why ......
7. When you lie, some gestures can show you are lying.
Some gestures ......
8. He never suspected that the money had been stolen.
At no ......
9. My decision to get up and dance coincided with the band's decision to stop playing.
The moment ......
10. The only way to eliminate world terrorism is by untied opposition.
Only by ......