Khi nói về các đặc trưng cơ bản của quần thể sinh vật, phát biểu nào sau đây đúng?

A. Kích thước của quần thể không phụ thuộc vào điều kiện môi trường.

B. Sự phân bố cá thể có ảnh hưởng tới khả năng khai thác nguồn sống trong môi trường.

C. Mật độ cá thể của mỗi quần thể luôn ổn định, không thay đổi theo mùa, theo năm.

D. Khi kích thước quần thể đạt mức tối đa thì tốc độ tăng trưởng của quần thể là lớn nhất.

Để thực hiện tốt nhiệm vụ bảo vệ Tổ quốc trong tình hình mới, đòi hỏi chúng ta phải kết hợp sức mạnh của lực lượng và thế trận quốc phòng với sức mạnh của lực lượng và thế trận 

A. chiến tranh nhân dân

B. an ninh

C. quốc phòng toàn dân

D. biên phòng

Một hộp chứa 4 cái thẻ được đánh số 1, 2, 3, 4, lấy mẫu ngẫu nhiên 2 thẻ.

a. Mô tả không gian mẫu.

b. Xác định các biến cố sau:

A: "Tổng các số trên hai thẻ là số chẵn".

B: "Tích các số trên hai thẻ là số chẵn."

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word.

HEALTH AND HAPPINESS

Health experts suggest that ……[14]….... healthy and happy, it’s important to keep our lives in balance. Chinese philosophy, which has spanned thousands of years, uses the principles of yin and yang to explain the importance of balance in life. Explained simply, yang represents the active elements of the universe, ……[15]….... the yin represents the passive elements. This expresses the importance of balance in ……[16]….... of living. Today health experts agree that it’s important to have a balanced life. For example, they’ve said it’s necessary to have a balance between work and rest and to have a balanced exercise program. ……[17]…...., I’m sure you’d agree that in our busy world, it’s not always easy to get and keep balance in our lives.

……[18]….... business or study deadlines, many people work to excess, leaving little time at the end of their busy day to spend with family and friends. They eat fast - food and don’t get enough rest or recreation and then suffer badly from the effects of stress. It’s sad that this situation often happens when people believe that access to ……[19]….... is the answer to happiness instead of understanding the importance of balanced living.

While ambition can be a good thing, ……[20]….... too much ambition can cause a person to become ‘out of balance’. Of course it’s also unbalanced to spend too much time on entertainment and pleasure activities, with little or no time ……[21]….... to work or education. Balance means allocating enough time for all the important aspects of life, such as spending time with family and friends, working or studying, as well as resting and relaxing.

Experts now tell us that having balance in our life is the answer, not only to health and happiness, ……[22]….... to success. If you’re balanced, you’ll have more energy and you’ll reach your ambitions in a more relaxed fashion; with less stress. So ……[23]….... is your life? Do you need to allocate your time differently to have better balance in your life?

Điền vào ô 23

A. how balanced  

B. however balanced  

C. what balance       

D. how balancing

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

We cut down many forests. The Earth becomes hot.

A. The more forests we cut down, the hotter the Earth become

B. The more we cut down forests, the hotter the Earth becomes

C. The more forests we cut down, the Earth becomes hotter

D. The more we cut down forests, the Earth becomes hotter

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 14: This is the second time you ______ your door key.

A. are losing

B. lose

C. lost

D. have lost

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the question.

Urban populations interact with their environment. Urban people change their environment through their consumption of Food, energy, water, and land. And in turn, the polluted urban environment affects the health and quality of life of the urban population. People who live in urban areas have very different consumption patterns than residents in rural areas. For example, urban populations consume much more food, energy, and durable goods than rural populations. In China during the 1970s, the urban populations consumed twice as much pork as the rural populations who were raising the pigs. With economic development, the difference in consumption declined as the rural populations ate better diets. But even a decade later, urban populations had 60 percent more pork in their diets than rural populations. The increasing consumption of meat is a sign of growing affluence in Beijing; in India where many urban residents are vegetarians, greater prosperity is seen in higher consumption of milk.

Urban populations not only consume more food, but they also consume more durable goods, In the early 1990s, Chinese households in urban areas were two times more likely to have a TV, eight times more likely to have a washing machine, and 25 times more likely to have a refrigerator than rural households. This increased consumption is a function of urban labor markets, wages, and household structure.

Urban consumption of energy helps create heat islands that can change local weather patterns and weather downwind from the heat islands. The heat island phenomenon is created because cities radiate heat back into the atmosphere at rate 15 percent to 30 percent less than rural areas. The combination of the increased energy consumption and difference in albedo (radiation) means that cities are warmer than rural areas (0.6 to 1.3 C), And these heat islands become traps for atmospheric pollutants. Cloudiness and fog occur with greater frequency. Precipitation is 5 percent to 10 percent higher in cities; thunderstorms and hailstorms are much more frequent, but snow days in cities are less common.

Urbanization also affects the broader regional environments. Regions downwind from large industrial complexes also see increases in the amount of precipitation, air pollution, and the number of days with thunderstorms. Urban areas affect not only the weather patterns, but also the runoff patterns for water. Urban areas generally generate more rain, but they reduce the infiltration of water and lower the water tables. This means that runoff occurs more rapidly with greater peak flows. Flood volumes increase, as do floods and water pollution downstream.

Many of the effects of urban areas on the environment are not necessarily linear. Bigger urban areas do not always create more environmental problems. And small urban areas can cause large problems. Much of what determines the extent of the environmental impacts is how the urban populations behave - their consumption and living patterns - not just how large they are.

The word "infiltration" in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by________.

A. penetration      

B. interruption      

C. conservation     

D. accumulation

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

After two decades of growing student enrollments and economic prosperity, business schools in the United States have started to face harder times. Only Harvard's MBA School has shown a substantial increase in enrollment in recent years. Both Princeton and Stanford have seen decreases in their enrollments. Since 1990, the number of people receiving Masters in Business Administration (MBA) degrees, has dropped about 3 percent to 75,000, and the trend of lower enrollment rates is expected to continue.

There are two factors causing this decrease in students seeking an MBA degree. The first one is that many graduates of four-year colleges are finding that an MBA degree does not guarantee a plush job on Wall Street, or in other financial districts of major American cities. Many of the entry-level management jobs are going to students graduating with Master of Arts degrees in English and the humanities as well as those holding MBA degrees. Students have asked the question, "Is an MBA degree really what I need to be best prepared for getting a good job?" The second major factor has been the cutting of American payrolls and the lower number of entry-level jobs being offered. Business needs are changing, and MBA schools are struggling to meet the new demands.

The word "prosperity" in line 1 could be best replaced by which of the following?

A. success

B. surplus

C. nurturing

D. education

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.

Translators and interpreters for tech jobs of the future are expected to be one of the fastest growing occupations in the nation, according to a just released survey by Vietnamworks. Almost all positions for programmers, application developers, database and network administrators, engineers, designers, architects, scientists, technicians, and tech support will require bilingual or multilingual fluency.

In just the last two years the demand for tech professionals with foreign language skills has increased more than two and one-half fold, said the survey, and the uptick shows no signs of abating anytime soon. Roughly 400,000 jobs are expected to open for interpreters (who focus on spoken language) and translators (who focus on written language) in the tech segment, between 2017 and 2020, says Tran Anh Tuan. Tuan, who works for the Centre for Forecasting Manpower Needs and Labour Market Information in Ho Chi Minh City doesn't include other industries in his prediction, which are also recruiting ferociously for more people with these same language skills.

While that claim might seem a bit overblown (and amounts to little more than a guess by Tuan), it is clear that innovative technologies like robotics, 3D printing, drones, artificial intelligence and virtual reality will create major upheavals in all sorts of labor markets, not just technology over the next few years. In the last month alone, most every job posted on employment websites throughout Vietnam included the word bilingual. Far higher salaries go to people who work in high tech positions and can speak a foreign language such as English in addition to Vietnamese, says Tran Quang Anh from the Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology.

Unfortunately, the surveys show that most graduating Vietnamese students are unable to do more than understand a few basic phrases of foreign languages, and practically none of them can speak any foreign language coherently, The good paying jobs with high salaries and benefits are only available to translators and interpreters who specialize in high tech jobs, says Anh. But it's not just English— graduates are needed with fluency in middle eastern languages like Arabic, Farsi and Pashto (Afghani) as well as German, Japanese and Korean to name just a few. Spanish is also in high demand in Vietnam, primarily because it is the second most common language in the US after English.

A recent tech expo in Hanoi sponsored by Vietnamworks and the Navigos Group attracted nearly 4,000 young tech graduates and recruiters from 14 leading companies looking to fill job vacancies with skilled bilingual workers. The job applicants were young and industrious, said the recruiters. However, missing were candidates with the requisite language skills and most lacked basic 'soft skills' such as written and verbal communication abilities to effectively communicate even in their native Vietnamese language.

Notably, the recruiters said they considered language abilities and soft skills just as, if not more important, than academic ability. Yet virtually all the prospective academically qualified employees lacked even the most basic of interpersonal communication abilities.

Question 35: Which of the following most accurately reflects the attitude of the author towards improving foreign language skills?

A. neutral

B. skeptical

C. supportive

D. sensitive

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

The development of genetically modified (GM) plants and animals had led to a huge global controversy. Opponents say that GM “Frankenfoods” are a threat to our well-being, and proponents say that the risks are minimal. There is one aspect of the war over GM that is often overlooked. Anyone who wears a cotton shirt these days is using a GM crop. Cotton is the only major non-food GM crop at present, but others are coming.

GM cotton plants that are not food have not stopped the most passionate GM opponents from objecting. If GM cotton is grown in a field next to fields of non- GM cotton, they argue, then how to keep genes from being transferred from field to field. This danger, however, is not as compelling to the public as possible health hazards in food, so there is no great fury over GM cotton.

GM cotton seeds produce higher yields, and they do without the need for pesticides. Planting of GM cotton has increased fivefold since 1997; three-quarter of cotton in America, and over half in China, is now GM. Farmers like it because it increases their profits.

Other options for non-food GM include new variety of flowers with different colors or scents, tougher grasses for lawns, and plants designed to soak up pollutants from the soil. The paper industry provides another example of potential for GM to help produce better and cheaper products. Paper is made from pulp, and pulp is generally made from trees. Researchers in New Zealand and Chile have been working on insect-resistant pines, and a Japanese firm has combined carrot genes with tree genes to make them grow better in poor soil.

Another interesting case is that of tobacco. It is not food crop, but it is consumed, and GM tobacco plants with both more and less nicotine have been created. The tobacco plant, however, is an ideal target for GM, since its genetics are very well understood and it produces a lot of leaves. The value of the drugs that could be produced by GM tobacco is so high, many fanners could switch from growing tobacco for cigarettes to growing it for medicine. Since medical cost is rising, consumers would also be happy to use drugs produced in bulk by GM tobacco.

Which options for non-food GM is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. flowers

B. grass

C. tobacco

D. rubber