a) \(x^2-4=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-2^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(x\left(x+5\right)=9x\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+5x-9x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-4x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(3x^3-48x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3x\left(x^2-16\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x^2-16=0\Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-4=0\\x+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(x^4+x^2-20=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2\right)^2+x^2-20=0\)
Đặt x2 = a
\(\Rightarrow a^2+a-20=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+5a-4a-20=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a+5\right)-4\left(a+5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-4\right)\left(a+5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2+5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-4=0\\x^2+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=4\Rightarrow x=\pm2\\x^2=-5\Rightarrow x\in\varnothing\end{matrix}\right.\)