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There are some diseases for which we know no cure. For many of these, however, scientists have been able to discover a means of prevention. Smallpox is such a disease.

In the 18th century, millions of people died of smallpox, while many others who recovered from the disease were left scared for life. Today, it is rare to find a case at all.

By 1780, doctors had noticed that once person had smallpox, he became immune to it. From this observation, the theory of inoculation was developed. Inoculation is a way of deliberately giving a person a disease by placing disease matter under the skin. When this is done, the person may develop a mild case of the disease, but from then on he is safe from a severe attack.

Using this principle, an English doctor named Edward Jenner set to work against smallpox. He found that persons who had had a milder disease called cowpox could not catch smallpox. The cowpox seemed to make them immune. By taking some bacteria from the arm of a person who was ill with cowpox, and giving it to a healthy person, Jenner found that he could transfer the immunity. Jenner’s process came to be known as vaccination, from the Latin word “vacca”, meaning “cow”. Because of vaccination, smallpox, one of the man’s greatest enemies, has been practically wiped out.

1. While not directly stated, it may be inferred from the article that__________

A. There is no good cure for smallpox. B. smallpox has almost disappeared.

C. smallpox and cowpox are similar diseases. D. smallpox can disfigure people who suffer from it.

2. This article as a whole tells us__________

A. about an English doctor named Edward Jenner B. all about inoculation.

C. all about vaccination. D. how a terrible disease was conquered.

3. Vaccination means__________

A. Wiping out smallpox. B. Preventing diseases by prescribing medicine.

C. transferring immunity from one person to another. D. protecting cows from cowpox.

4. Inoculation against smallpox means__________

A. giving a person some medicine to take. B. placing diseased matter under his skin.

C. injecting him with some drugs. D. deliberately coming into contact with smallpox patients.

5. Which sentence is NOT true?

A. The principle of inoculation was well-known before 1700.

B. People who have been ill with cowpox are immune to smallpox.

C. Vaccination can prevent smallpox. D. In the 18th century, millions of people died of smallpox

V. Match the headlines from 56 to 60 to its suitable description from A to E

56. How to Use Less Paper

57. Save Fuel

58. How to Use Less Electricity at Home

59. Conserve Water at Home

60. How to Cut Food Waste at Home

A. Taking these steps to conserve water can make a big difference: Only wash full loads of laundry; Fill a bucket while showering and use it to water plants; Install water-efficient appliances and showerheads.

 

B. From production to distribution, food eats up a lot of natural resources before it even finds its way to your grocery cart. And once eaten, the leftover plastic wrappers, cardboard boxes and uneaten scraps find

a more permanent home in the landfill, emitting greenhouse gasses as they slowly decompose. Here are a few tips for eco-friendly eating: Plan your weekly meals to waste less food; Only buy food on your shopping list; Start a compost pile; Start a community garden.

C. There’s no doubt that the emissions from traffic pollute the air. Switching up your driving habits can make a bigger environmental impact than you think. Not only will you spend less money on gas, but you will also significantly reduce your carbon footprint.

D. It’s crammed into your mail box, piled on your desk and sometimes recycled. But more often than not, unread mail, old phonebooks and other paper products sit in landfills, while more and more forests are cut down each year to produce even more products. Here’s how you can limit your paper use: Switch to online bill pay; Opt out of junk mail subscriptions; Think before you print; Recycle according to your local guidelines.

E. The byproducts of power plants can have a negative impact on the environment and human health. Limiting your family’s electricity use can make a big difference, while also saving you money. Here’s a few ways you can conserve electricity at home: Unplug chargers and appliances when not in use; Open your windows instead of running the A/C; Close shades during sunny hours; Turn lights off before leaving your home.

56. How to Use Less Paper

57. Save Fuel

58. How to Use Less Electricity at Home

59. Conserve Water at Home

60. How to Cut Food Waste at Home

A. Taking these steps to conserve water can make a big difference: Only wash full loads of laundry; Fill a bucket while showering and use it to water plants; Install water-efficient appliances and showerheads.

 

B. From production to distribution, food eats up a lot of natural resources before it even finds its way to your grocery cart. And once eaten, the leftover plastic wrappers, cardboard boxes and uneaten scraps find

a more permanent home in the landfill, emitting greenhouse gasses as they slowly decompose. Here are a few tips for eco-friendly eating: Plan your weekly meals to waste less food; Only buy food on your shopping list; Start a compost pile; Start a community garden.

C. There’s no doubt that the emissions from traffic pollute the air. Switching up your driving habits can make a bigger environmental impact than you think. Not only will you spend less money on gas, but you will also significantly reduce your carbon footprint.

D. It’s crammed into your mail box, piled on your desk and sometimes recycled. But more often than not, unread mail, old phonebooks and other paper products sit in landfills, while more and more forests are cut down each year to produce even more products. Here’s how you can limit your paper use: Switch to online bill pay; Opt out of junk mail subscriptions; Think before you print; Recycle according to your local guidelines.

E. The byproducts of power plants can have a negative impact on the environment and human health. Limiting your family’s electricity use can make a big difference, while also saving you money. Here’s a few ways you can conserve electricity at home: Unplug chargers and appliances when not in use; Open your windows instead of running the A/C; Close shades during sunny hours; Turn lights off before leaving your home.

London has one of the largest urban transport networks in the world, with integrated bus, river and road systems spanning the city's 32 boroughs. Buses: London's iconic double-decker buses are a quick, convenient and cheap way to travel around the city, with plenty of sightseeing opportunities along the way. Underground: The London Underground rail network or "the Tube" is a great way to travel to and from central London and will be an integral part of most people's stay in the UK capital. Docklands Light Railway: London's innovative, driverless Docklands Light Railway (DLR) serves parts of East and South East London. River buses: Travelling by river is a great way to get around London. You'll beat the traffic and enjoy fantastic views of London along the way. Local train: Use London's over ground train network to travel across the city and beyond the Tube. Trams: Trams run in parts of south London between Wimbledon, Croydon, Buckingham and New Paddington. The services are frequent and accessible. Accessible public transport: Find your way around the capital with our helpful guide to accessible and wheelchair-friendly travel. Cycle hire scheme: London's public bicycle scheme is a great way to travel around the city - and the first half hour is free! Grab yourself a bike and get riding today. Taxi: From iconic London black cabs to local minicabs, we've got all the traveler information you need to help you travel around London by taxi. Airline cable car: Take a ride on London's cable car, for views over Greenwich and East London, including The O2, Cutty Sark and Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park.

51. Ten means of transport are mentioned in the instruction …….

52. Double-decker and river buses are the same. …….

53. Disabled persons cannot travel in London easily. …….

54. We have to pay first half hour when we use London's public bicycle scheme …….

55. If we need views over Greenwich and East London, we use airline cable car. …….

Many people still believe that natural resources will never be used up. Actually, the world’s energy resources are limited. Nobody knows exactly how much fuel is left. However, we also should use them economically and try to find out alternative sources of power. According to Professor Marvin Burnham of the New England Institute of Technology, we have to start conserving coal, oil and gas before it is too late; and nuclear power is the only alternative. However, many people do not approve of using nuclear power because it is very dangerous. What would happen if there were a serious nuclear accident? Radioactivity causes cancer and may badly affect the future generations. The most effective thing is that we should use natural resources as economically as possible.

6. How much fuel is left?

A. No one knows exactly. B. It will never be used up.

C. There is a lot of fuel. D. Let’s use it as much as we would like.

7. We should use coal, oil, and gas ……………….

A. as much as possible B. carelessly

C. as economically D. all are incorrect

8. According to Professor Marvin Burnham,

A. nuclear power is the only alternative B. we have to conserve coal, oil, and gas

C. A and B are incorrect D. A and B are correct

9. According to the passage, using nuclear power is ………….

A. safe B. cheap C. interesting D. dangerous

10. Radioactivity from nuclear power ……………….

A. is necessary to cure diseases B. can have good effects on the future generations

C. alters a new kind of energy D. causes cancer and has bad effects on the future generations

I. Choose the best answer for each sentence.

1. Let's collect and warm clothes to homeless children in our city.

A. give away B. give back C. take off  D. put on

2.After filling my tooth,_______

A. and the dentist gave me some pills to take. B. I was given some pills to take by the dentist. C. the dentist gave me some pills to take. D. then the dentist gave me some pills to

3. Fortunately,___are harmless and not serious

A. most headaches B. most the headaches take C. most of headaches D. most of the headaches

4. Ervin "Magic" Johnson is the best basketball player. He played basketball A. with skillfulness B. with great skill C. with skills D. by skill

5. _______are the tickets? -I think they're 20,000 dong each.A. How much B. What costs C. What prices D. How many

6. When we entered the theater, an usherette took our tickets and showed us to our__________ A. positions B. chairs C. seats D. vacations

7. The soup that your mother has just cooked tastes very A. delicious B. best C. well D.deliciously

8. The relationship between regular sport practice and our health ________ very close indeed A. are B. is C. to be D. were

9. What do you say if you want to speak to Joanna? (on the phone). A. Who is this? B.Can I speak to Joanna, please? C. Are you Joanna D.Speaking to Joanna, please. 10. Rob eats a lot of fast food and he____on a lot of weight A. takes B.speeds on C. puts D. bring

11. My friend, Peter never goes to school late and_________ A. So do l. B. Neither don't I. C.Idon't, either. D. I don't, too. and listen to the

12. When you are in the swimming pool, play________ and listen to the pool lifeguard_____ A. safe/ careful B. safely/ careful C.safe/carefully D. safely/ carefully 13. Do you go out________? A. in the afternoon on Fridays B.on friday afternoon C. on Friday's afternoons. D. on fridays in the afternoon

14. Neighbors don't spend_________ together as they did in the past A. as much time B. less time C. not much time D. a little time

15. Yes, please. Can I have a___________? I'm thirsty A. water glass B. tea cup C. lemonade glass D. glass of lemonade

II. Choose the best answer for each sentence.

1. Let's collect and warm clothes to homeless children in our city.

A. give away B. give back

2.After filling my tooth, A. and the dentist gave me some pills to take. B. I was given some pills to take by the dentist. C. the dentist gave me some pills to take. D. then the dentist gave me some pills to

3. Fortunately,___are harmless and not serious

 A. most headaches B. most the headaches take C. most of headaches D. most of the headaches

4. Ervin "Magic" Johnson is the best basketball player. He played basketball

A. with skillfulness B. with great skill C. with skills D. by skill

5. _______are the tickets? -I think they're 20,000 dong each.A. How much B. What costs C. What prices D. How many

6. When we entered the theater, an usherette took our tickets and showed us to our__________

A. positions B. chairs C. seats D. vacations

7. The soup that your mother has just cooked tastes very

A. delicious B. best C. well D.deliciously

 8. The relationship between regular sport practice and our health __________ very close indeed

 A. are B. is  C. to be D. were

9. What do you say if you want to speak to Joanna? (on the phone).

A. Who is this? B.Can I speak to Joanna, please? C. Are you Joanna D.Speaking to Joanna, please.

10. Rob eats a lot of fast food and he____on a lot of weight

A. takes B.speeds on C. puts D. bring 

11. My friend, Peter never goes to school late and_________

A. So do l. B. Neither don't I. C.Idon't, either. D. I don't, too. and listen to the

12. When you are in the swimming pool, play________ and listen to the pool lifeguard_____

A. safe/ careful B. safely/ careful C.safe/carefully D. safely/ carefully

13. Do you go out________?

A. in the afternoon on Fridays B.on friday afternoon C. on Friday's afternoons. D. on fridays in the afternoon

14. Neighbors don't spend_________ together as they did in the past

A. as much time B. less time C. not much time D. a little time

15. Yes, please. Can I have a___________? I'm thirsty

A. water glass B. tea cup  C. lemonade glass D. glass of lemonade