* Choose the word that has the stress different from the rest.
1. A. tailor B. vision C. demand D. figure
2. A. content B. hands-on C. virtual D. facilitate
3. A. independent B. curriculum C. externally D. society
4. A. communicator B. interviewer C. evaluator D. facilitator
5. A. consequently B. individual C. breadwinner D. dominated
6. A. developer B. responsible C. participate D. application

* Read the passage and choose the correct answers.

                 The changing roles of the modern father

Fathers used to act as the “breadwinner” of their family, and as the teacher of moral and religious values.
Today, however, those roles are gradually changing.
Changes in economic roles: More and more women are going out to work and earn money. This increases the budget of the family. Apart from that, there are various social welfare programmes which financially assist mothers in supporting their children. Both these changes have greatly impacted the role of fathers because they make paternal financial support less essential for many families. 
Changes in caregiving roles: With the burden of financial support reduced, and with a changing concept of a father’s role, modern fathers tend to be more involved in children’s caregiving. They are now spending more time and energy on their children.
Psychological research across families from all ethnic backgrounds suggests that the influence of a father’s love and attention is as great as that of a mother’s. Fatherly love helps children develop a sense of their place in the world, which helps their social and emotional development. Moreover,
children who receive more love from their fathers are less likely to have behavioural problems.
This trend is still increasing and its effects will become clearer and clearer in the future especially in traditionally male-dominated societies.
1. Which of these is NOT the traditional role of a father?
A. caregiver B. financial supporter C. religious educator D. teacher of moral values
2. Social welfare programmes …………………….
A. train caregivers B. support families financially
C. help mothers with domestic abuse D. educate fathers about their responsibilities
3. The influence of a mother’s love is ……………………that of the father’s.
A. as important as C. much greater than B. less important than A. more important than
4. Children who get more fatherly love will ……………………behavioural problems.
A. have more B. have fewer C. have a lot of D. never have any
5. The changing roles of the father will be seen more clearly in …………………….
A. ethnic groups B. developed countries
C. economically independent societies D. traditionally male-dominated societies
6. The word various in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to …………………….
A. no B. only C. a few D. many
7. The word paternal in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to …………………….
A. social B. private C. fatherly D. motherly
8. The word who in paragraph 4 refers to …………………….
A. fathers B. mothers C. children D. development

* Combine two sentences into one. Use the sentence in brackets to make a non-defining relative clause.
1. The National Library opens every weekday. (The library is on the second floor).
The National Library, which is on the second floor, opens every weekday.
2. Developed countries are helping developing countries. (They are ahead in education and wealth.)
Developed countries, which are ahead in education and wealth, are helping developing countries.
3. Internationalisation has brought about both opportunities and challenges. (It started 15 years ago.)
Internationalsation, which started 15 years ago, has brought about both opportunities and challenges.
4. Smartphones will be used widely in school to support learning. (They help students to write scripts and make videos.)
Smartphones, which help students to write scripts and make videos, will be used widely in school to support learning.
5. Jack London wrote internationally famous novels like Call of the Wild and White Fang. (He is an American writer.)
Jack London, who is an American writer, wrote internationally famous novels like Call of the Wild and White Fang.
6. Have you ever heard about Captain James Cook? (He mapped a lot of places in the world, including Australia and New Zealand).
Have you ever heard about Captain James Cook, who mapped a lot of places in the world, including Australia and New Zealand?

* Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.
1. I really like Pam because she has a really good sense ………………humor.
2. What conditions can make governments more responsive ………………the public?
3. If you’re never content ………………what you have, you can never have enough.
4. Apart ………………vaccines, there is no known way to protect against meningitis.
5. Since 2012, women have participated ………………every Olympic sport at the Games.
6. These days more fathers stay ………………home and take care ………………their children.
7. Employees will be evaluated ………………their performance, attendance, and team skills.
8. There’s increasing demand ………………part-time jobs from female workers in many countries.
9. The cost of cancer treatment often imposes a high financial burden ………………patients and their families.
10. Women now play an important role on the labour market and significantly contribute ……………… socio-economic development.

* Filling in each space with one appropriate word.
They called New York “the Big Apple”. Maybe it is not exact like an apple, it’s certainly very big (1)…………………expensive. There are too many people, that’s the problem. The streets are always full of cars and trucks, you can never find a place to park there.
If you have enough money, you can take a taxi. New York cabs are yellow. They look all the same. But the (2) …………………are very different. Some were born and raised in New York, but many are newcomers to the United States. A few drive slowly, but most go very and very fast. The cab driving is a
difficult job. It can be (3) …………………, too. Thieves often try to (4) …………………the drivers’ money. Drivers sometimes get hurt.
If you don’t want to take a taxi, you can go by bus or you can take the subway. The subway is quick and it’s (5) …………………, but parts of it are old and dirty. Lights don’t always work and there are often fires on the track. On some subway lines, there are new, clean, silver trains. But you can’t watch the color
of the old trains easily. There is too much (6) …………………and too much graffiti, inside and outside.

* Choose the most suitable word or phrase.

1. It’s raining ………………………I can’t go to the beach.
A. because B. but C. so D. or
2. Nobody was injured in the accident, ………………………?
A. was there B. was he C. were they D. wasn’t it
3. After drinking a big bottle of ………………………, he got drunk.
A. wine B. milk C. water D. orange juice
4. Could you ………………………the radio, please? It’s very noisy.
A. turn off B. go on C. look after D. look for
5. Please don’t disturb me ………………………there is something urgent.
A. if B. or C. otherwise D. unless
6. The man ………………………your mother is talking to is my English teacher.
A. which B. whose C. who D. whom
7. ………………………the 8 o’clock meeting against the war will be held tomorrow?
A. When B. What C. Why D. Where
8. We have decided to ………………………the money for the local secondary school.
A. beg B. collect C. raise D. rise

* Read the passage and then do the tasks that follow.
In humankind’s millions of years on earth, many types of energy resources have been used. However, in the last ninety years, petroleum has become by far the most important. Accounting for over 50 percent of all energy consumed, it is so essential that, without petroleum, we could be faced with economic disaster.
Of course, the earth’s supply of petroleum will not last forever, and in fact, it will disappear sooner than most people believe. At the current rate of consumption, the world’s proven oil reserves may be exhausted within forty or fifty years.
1. How long have many types of energy resources been used?
They have been …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. How long has petroleum become the most important?
It has ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What could we be faced if there were no petroleum?
We could …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. According to the passage, how long may oil reserves be exhausted?
They may …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………