Ta có: \(x^2+y^2+z^2=1\)

\(\Rightarrow x\le1,y\le1,z\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow x-1\le0,y-1\le0,z-1\le0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)\le0,y^2\left(y-1\right)\le0,z^2\left(z-1\right)\le0\) 

(vì \(x^2,y^2,z^2\ge0\))

\(\Rightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)+y^2\left(y-1\right)+z^2\left(z-1\right)\le0\).

hay \(x^3+y^3+z^3\le x^2+y^2+z^2=1\).

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\left(x-1\right)=0\\y^2\left(y-1\right)=0\\z^2\left(z-1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\) và \(x^2+y^2+z^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị.

Mặt khác theo giả thiết: \(x^3+y^3+z^3=1\).

\(\Rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị.

\(\Rightarrow xyz=0\)

- Theo BĐT Cauchy ta có:

\(\sqrt{a.1}\le\dfrac{a+1}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{b.1}\le\dfrac{b+1}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{c.1}\le\dfrac{c+1}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{ab}\le\dfrac{a+b}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{bc}\le\dfrac{b+c}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{ca}\le\dfrac{c+a}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\le\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)+3}{2}=\dfrac{3.3+3}{2}=6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Mà ta có: \(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}=6\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=1\)

\(M=\dfrac{a^{30}+b^4+c^{1975}}{a^{30}+b^4+c^{2023}}=\dfrac{1^{30}+1^4+1^{1975}}{1^{30}+1^4+1^{2023}}=1\)

\(\dfrac{3-2\sqrt{2}+2}{\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{2}}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2+2}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2+2}{\left|\sqrt{2}-1\right|}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2+2}{\sqrt{2}-1}=\sqrt{2}-1+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2}-1}=\sqrt{2}-1+\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}=\sqrt{2}-1+2\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)=3\sqrt{2}+1\)

Em xin giải bài toán kia nhé :)

Trước hết ta có hằng đẳng thức:

\(x^5+5x^4y+10x^3y^2+10x^2y^3+5xy^4+y^5=\left(x+y\right)^5\)

Biến đổi hằng đẳng thức trên:

\(x^5+y^5+5xy\left(x^3+2x^2y+2xy^2+y^3\right)=\left(x+y\right)^5\)

\(\Rightarrow x^5+y^5+5xy\left[\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+2xy\left(x+y\right)\right]=\left(x+y\right)^5\)

\(\Rightarrow x^5+y^5+5xy\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)=\left(x+y\right)^5\) (*)

Quay lại bài toán trên:

Theo BĐT Cauchy ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{xy}\le\dfrac{x+y}{2}\left(1\right)\\2xy\le x^2+y^2\Rightarrow3xy\le x^2+xy+y^2\Rightarrow xy\le\dfrac{x^2+xy+y^3}{3}\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vì cả 2 vế của BĐT (1) và (2) đều dương nên lấy \(\left(1\right).\left(2\right)\) ta được:

\(xy\sqrt{xy}\le\dfrac{1}{6}\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x^5+2023xy.xy\sqrt{xy}+y^5\le x^5+\dfrac{2023}{6}xy.\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+y^5\left(3\right)\)

Đặt \(A=x^5+\dfrac{2023}{6}xy.\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+y^5\)

\(=\dfrac{6x^5+2023xy\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+6y^5}{6}\)

\(=\dfrac{6\left[x^5+5xy\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+y^5\right]+1993xy\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}{6}\)

Áp dụng (*) ta có:

\(A=\dfrac{6\left(x+y\right)^5+1993xy\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}{6}\left(4\right)\)

Ta có: \(xy\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{3}.3xy\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)\)

Theo BĐT Cauchy ta có:

\(3xy\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\le\left[\dfrac{3xy+\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}{2}\right]^2=\left[\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2+2xy}{2}\right]^2\left('\right)\)

\(xy\le\left(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\left(''\right)\)

Từ (') và ('') ta có:

\(3xy\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\le\left[\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2+2.\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}{2}\right]^2=\left[\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\right]^2=\dfrac{9}{16}\left(x+y\right)^4\)

\(\Rightarrow xy\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\le\dfrac{3}{16}\left(x+y\right)^4\)

\(\Rightarrow xy\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\le\dfrac{3}{16}\left(x+y\right)^5\left(5\right)\)

Từ (4), (5) ta có:

\(A\le\dfrac{6\left(x+y\right)^5+1993.\dfrac{3}{16}\left(x+y\right)^5}{6}=\dfrac{\dfrac{6075}{16}\left(x+y\right)^5}{6}=\dfrac{2025}{32}\left(x+y\right)^5\)

\(\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{2025}{32}\left(x+y\right)^5\) hay 

\(x^5+\dfrac{2023}{6}xy\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+y^5\le\dfrac{2025}{32}\left(x+y\right)^5\left(6\right)\)

Từ (3), (6) ta có:

\(x^5+2023x^2y^2\sqrt{xy}+y^5\le\dfrac{2025}{32}\left(x+y\right)^5\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[5]{x^5+2023x^2y^2\sqrt{xy}+y^5}\le\sqrt[5]{2025}.\dfrac{x+y}{2}\left(1'\right)\)

Mặt khác theo BĐT Cauchy ta có:

\(\sqrt{xy}\le\dfrac{x+y}{2}\left(2'\right)\)

Vì cả 2 vế của (1') và (2') đều dương nên lấy \(\left(1'\right).\left(2'\right)\) ta được:

\(\sqrt{xy}.\sqrt[5]{x^5+2023x^2y^2\sqrt{xy}+y^5}\le\sqrt[5]{2025}.\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}}{\sqrt[5]{x^5+2023x^2y^2\sqrt{xy}+y^5}}\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt[5]{2025}.\left(x+y\right)^2}\left(7\right)\)

CMTT ta cũng có:

\(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}}{\sqrt[5]{y^5+2023y^2z^2\sqrt{yz}+y^5}}\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt[5]{2025}.\left(y+z\right)^2}\left(8\right)\)

\(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}}{\sqrt[5]{z^5+2023z^2x^2\sqrt{zx}+z^5}}\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt[5]{2025}.\left(z+x\right)^2}\left(9\right)\)

Lấy \(\left(7\right)+\left(8\right)+\left(9\right)\) rồi nhân mỗi vế của BĐT mới cho \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\) ta được:

\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}}{\sqrt[5]{x^5+2023x^2y^2\sqrt{xy}+y^5}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}}{\sqrt[5]{y^5+2023y^2z^2\sqrt{yz}+y^5}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}}{\sqrt[5]{z^5+2023z^2x^2\sqrt{zx}+z^5}}\right)\)\(\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt[5]{2025}}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\left[\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)^2}\right]\left(10\right)\)

Theo BĐT Cauchy ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)^2}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{\left[\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\right]^2}}\)

\(\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{\left[\left(\dfrac{x+y+y+z+z+x}{3}\right)^3\right]^2}}\)

\(=3.\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)\right]^6}}=3.\dfrac{1}{\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)\right]^2}=\dfrac{27}{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{27}{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\left(11\right)\)

Từ (10) và (11) ta có:

\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}}{\sqrt[5]{x^5+2023x^2y^2\sqrt{xy}+y^5}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}}{\sqrt[5]{y^5+2023y^2z^2\sqrt{yz}+y^5}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}}{\sqrt[5]{z^5+2023z^2x^2\sqrt{zx}+z^5}}\right)\)

\(\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt[5]{2023+2}}.\left(x+y+z\right)^2.\dfrac{27}{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\dfrac{27}{\sqrt[5]{2023+2}}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)

\(a^2-2022a=b^2-2022b\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2-b^2-2022\left(a-b\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-2022\left(a-b\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b-2022\right)=0\)

Vì a,b là 2 số phân biệt nên \(a+b-2022=0\Rightarrow b=2022-a\).

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2022}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{2022-a}+\dfrac{2022}{a^2-2022a}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{2022-a}-\dfrac{2022}{a\left(2022-a\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2022-a+a-2022}{a\left(2022-a\right)}=0\left(đpcm\right)\)

Đk: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y\ge0\\x>1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{9\left(x-1\right)y}=y\left(2+\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x-1}}\right)\left(1\right)\\y^2+xy-5x+7=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)y}\left(a\ge0\right)\\b=\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x-1}}\left(b\ge0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow3a=ab\left(2+b\right)\)

Với \(a=0\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)y}=0\Rightarrow y=0\) (vì \(x\ne1\)).

Thay \(y=0\) vào (2) ta được:

\(2^2+x.2-5x+7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{11}{3}\left(nhận\right)\)

Với \(a\ne0\Rightarrow3=b\left(2+b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b^2+2b-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b^2-b+3b-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(b-1\right)+3\left(b-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(b+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}b=1\left(nhận\right)\\b=-3\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x-1}}=1\Rightarrow x=y+1\)

Thay vào (2) ta được:

\(y^2+\left(y+1\right)y-5\left(y+1\right)+7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+y^2+y-5y-5+7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2y^2-4y+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(y-1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=1\Rightarrow x=1+1=2\)

Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{11}{3};0\right),\left(2;1\right)\right\}\)