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Câu 7: Reading Passage has 4 paragraphs, A-D. Choose the correct heading for each paragraphs from the list of headings below. ( 1.0pt)

The water crisis

A. Agriculture consumes about 70% of the world's fresh water, so improvements in irrigation can make the greatest impact. At present, average efficiency in the use of irrigated water in agriculture may be as low as 50%. Simple changes could improve the rate substantially, though it is unrealistic to expect very high levels of water-use efficiency in many developing countries, faced as they are with a chronic lack of capital and a largely untrained rural workforce. After agriculture, industry is the second biggest user of water and, in terms of value added per liter used, is sixty times more productive than agriculture. However, some industrial processes use vast amounts of water. For example, production of 1 kg of aluminium might require 1,500 liters of water. Paper production too is often very water-intensive. Though new processes have greatly reduced consumption, there is still plenty of room for big savings in industrial uses of water.

B. In rich countries, water consumption has gradually been slowed down by price increases and the use of modern technology and recycling. In the USA, industrial production has risen fourfold since 1950, while water consumption has fallen by more than a third. Japan and Germany have similarly improved their use of water in manufacturing processes. Japanese industry, for example, now recycles more than 75% of process water. However, industrial water consumption is continuing to increase sharply in developing countries. With domestic and agricultural demands also increasing, the capacity of water supply systems is under growing strain.

C. One way to cut back on water consumption is simply to prevent leaks. It is estimated that in some of the biggest cities of the Third World, more than half of the water entering the system is lost through leaks in pipes, dripping taps and broken installations. Even in the UK, losses were estimated at 25% in the early 1990s because of the failure to maintain the antiquated water supply infrastructure. In addition, huge quantities of water are consumed because used water from sewage pipes, storm drains and factories is merely flushed away and discharged into rivers or the sea. The modern approach, however, is to see used water as a resource which can be put to good use - either in irrigation or, after careful treatment, as recycled domestic water. Israel, for instance, has spent heavily on used water treatment. Soon, treated, recycled water will account for most farm irrigation there. There are other examples in cities such as St Petersburg, Florida, where all municipal water is recycled back into domestic systems.

D. Another way of conserving water resources involves better management of the environment generally. Interference with the ecosystem can have a severe effect on both local rainfall patterns and water run-off. Forest clearings associated with India's Kabini dam project reduced local rainfall by 25%, a phenomenon observed in various other parts of the world where large-scale deforestation has taken place. Grass and other vegetation acts as a sponge which absorbs rainfall both in the plants and in the ground. Removal of the vegetation means that rainfall runs off the top of the land, accelerating erosion instead of being gradually fed into the soil to renew ground water.

List of Headings
1. What the future holds
2. Successful measures taken by some
3. The thirsty sectors
4. Ways of reducing waste
5. Interdependence of natural resources

Your answers:

 1. Paragraph A ............................................

 2. Paragraph B ............................................

 3. Paragraph C ............................................

 4. Paragraph D ............................................

 Câu 4. Rewrite the sentences begin with given words but the same meanings.(1,5pts)

1. They are buying the flowers for Tet Holiday.

=> The…………………………………………….………………………

2. Although he is old, he managed to finish his assignment on time.

=> Despite ...................................................................................................

3. “ What did you do last night?” She said to me.

=> She asked me...........................................................................................

4.  I prefer hanging out with my friends to playing computer games.

=> I’d............................................................................................................

5. No one in my class is more beautiful than the girl in the pink skirt.

=> The girl.....………….............................................…………....………

6. We  hope to see her there. (look forward)

=> ...............................................................................................................

Câu 6: Read the text and fill in the missing information in the table below with ONE word from the text.(1.0pt)

The world’s friendliest city

A team of social psychologists from California has spent six years studying the reactions of people in cities around the world to different situations. The results show that cities where people have less money generally have friendlier populations. Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, which is often known for its crime, comes out top, and the capital of Malawi, Lilong we comes third. 

But what makes one city friendlier than another? The psychologists from California State University say it has got more to do with environment than culture or nationality. 

They carried out a study into the way locals treated strangers in 23 cities around the world. The team conducted their research through a series of tests, where they dropped pens or pretended they were blind and needed help crossing the street. 

The study concludes that people are more helpful in cities with a more relaxed way of life such as Rio. While they were there, researchers received help in 93 percent of cases, and the percentage in Lilong we was only a little lower. However, richer cities such as Amsterdam and New York are considered the least friendly. Inhabitants of Amsterdam helped the researchers in 53 percent of cases and in New York just 44 percent. The psychologists found that, in these cities, people tend to be short of time, so they hurry and often ignore strangers

City

Positive aspects

Negative aspects

% of help received

 

Rio de Janeiro

•  friendly inhabitants

•  more (1) ................ lifestyle

•  People don’t have so much(2) ..................................

 

 

 

93%

Amsterdam and New York

• richer

People ...

•  have little (3)....................

•  don’t pay attention to (4).............................

Amsterdam: 53% New York: 44%

Your answers:

1.........................................    2.....................................  

3...................................  …..  4..........................................  

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