I. Hóa học và vấn đề ô nhiễm môi trường
Ô nhiễm môi trường là sự làm thay đổi tính chất của môi trường, vi phạm tiêu chuẩn của môi trường.
Chất gây ô nhiễm môi trường là những nhân tố làm cho môi trường trở nên độc hại.
![undefined](https://hoc24.vn/images/discuss/1647160667_622dad5b2536e.jpg)
1. Ô nhiễm môi trường không khí
Ô nhiễm không khí là sự có mặt của các chất lạ hoặc sự biến đổi quan trọng trong thành phần không khí, làm cho nó không sạch, có bụi, có mùi,...
a. Nguyên nhân
- Ô nhiễm do thiên nhiên: cháy rừng, núi lửa gây ô nhiễm không khí,...
![undefined](https://hoc24.vn/images/discuss/1647160868_622dae24c41c5.jpg)
- Ô nhiễm do con người: khí thải do hoạt động giao thông vận tải; quá trình đốt nhiên liệu và sự rò rỉ, thất thoát khí độc; khí thải từ sinh hoạt, phát sinh từ đun nấu, lò sưởi,...
![undefined](https://hoc24.vn/images/discuss/1647161073_622daef176b83.jpg)
b. Tác hại của ô nhiễm không khí
![undefined](https://hoc24.vn/images/discuss/1647161811_622db1d3799c4.jpg)
2. Ô nhiễm môi trường nước
Là sự thay đổi thành phần và tính chất của nước gây ảnh hưởng đến hoạt động sống bình thường của con người và sinh vật.
a. Tác nhân gây ô nhiễm
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAqkAAAKoCAMAAABjpJZQAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAGkUExURQAAACBggDBQjytVijBQjy1TjDBQjy5SjTBUjy5RjjBTjy5RjjBSjy9RjjBSjy9RjjBSjy9TkC5Sjy9TkC9Sjy9SkC9Sjy9SkC9Tjy9SkC9Tjy9SkC9Sjy9Tjy9SkC9RkC9Sjy9Sji9Sjy9SkC9Rjy9RkDBSkjBUkzFUlQAAAAABAQkOGQsSHw0VJQ8ZKxEdMRIfNhMfNhMgNxUkPRcnRBkrSBorShwuUB4yViA2XCI5YiQ8aCZAbihEdCpHei1LgC9Ohy9SjzBSkTBTkTBUkjFSjTFVlDJWljNVkzNXmDNYmTRZmzRbnDVZmTVbnjVcnzZdojddnzdeozhfpThgpjlgpTliqDpiqjpiqztkqztkrTtlrjxmsD1nsT5nsj5otD5ptT9qtz9ruEBruEBsukBtu0FuvUJuvkJvv0NwwUNxwkRyxEp2xlB7yFZ/yluEy2GIzWeNz22R0XOV03ma1X+e14Wj2Iqn2pCs3Jaw3py04KK54qe9463B5bPF57nK6b7O68TT7MrX7tDc8Nbg8tzk9OLp9ujt+O3y+fP2+/n7/f////F1HdQAAAApdFJOUwAIEBggKDA4QEhQWGBocHiAh4+Xn6evt7/Hz9ff4Ofo7/Dw9/j4/v7+KPjPHQAAAAlwSFlzAAAXEQAAFxEByibzPwAAW0pJREFUeF7tvYt/00i275sHjwABwjuQ3AzcMDDnDt37nJ65Pbt37z0zRdPJJKSBAZrQEBpCExpiOy8ncRIl5OG8HP/TZ62qklSSJVuySrIe9f3w+aDIUsmWflq1alXVqjZFIE52dZ3rYVzureUK/+x8V1cXP0OhiIjOrq7TPT0XQIfEhf/N/6/hem/vpZ6e7q6u47wshUI+J8B6Xu29yUXHeTg29myc8XpS53/x/ycnJ/hnL8bGxn7gpzAGe6/2nFOKVUjErlAQ3fPx8YnJyfc5F/4X/7+GqcnJNzbZDoCH0N11jF9LoWiGE2d6ege4olCh4+OTk1xzdXFVqsj7yfHxsYe8bEL6rvWcPsGvq1B4pbOr58oNriHvCtXxpFTO9OTb8edjI/xa16/0KPuq8EbX2Yt6Vf/wyfjkJ64oP/hRqs7Hd+NPRtllB3svnetq519HoajlePelPiaWobHxNx+4hvzTjFIZ79+Mjw2zr9B/5azyBhS1nDx/lbmkY89eTX7mwmmS5pVKmZ589Zw1uQav9SjjqjDoOHWBhUaHnrxybc/7IaBSGVOvnzLv9frF0538myqyi1Hhjz6b+Mg1EhgpSkU+vX3BogP9l8+q0Gt2aT99qZ/qYGz8XcD63oo0pVImxx89wG85cPlMB//migxx/Nw1fPwPHr+UUuFbkKtU5MPrp0P4da+fV62sLKEb09EX8lWKyFcq8uEl9QSUac0KujF9MtFMqNQT4SgV+Pz2GY1hXe85yX+NIqV0hWtMOaEpFZl69Qh/ws0rZ1T8Kq10XcKIaZjGlBOqUoFpZloHlVjTCJPp8PNQjSknbKUiU+MYbVViTRm6TJvvIPVFFEoFlFhTRsQyBSJSKqDEmhqYTIee+Rq1F5TolAoYYuW/WJFAOs9jSz9imQKRKhVgYh24oEa2JpNTV+DxDUcuUyBqpQJMrNeUYU0czJw+eccfZLS0QKnA+6c/oGFVI1mSBDOnL8OOm7rRGqXmcp8nsL/1erdqXiWDlppTSquUCkw9e0DIzUvKsMaf02hOR15LHcXnlxYqNZebVoY1AbSfBXP6w9Mo+qHq0VKlAlPPhsBj7VEzBeJKZ89N8E5ba04prVYq8GaMkMHLKmwVR45fvk3I2Fv+pFpKDJSay71/Ak7AVZW3LW50XcVWVKurfU4slJrLfXz2AzisKsQaJ7pvgHv6XNqMvaDERKm53OdxcFj7z6nGVTzoOAfNqKGXrXdPDWKjVIwEjBBy84JqXLWezgu3CBmZmOZPJhbESKnAW2hcEdW4ajGdF7EZ1cIgvyPxUmou9+Gp0mpr6egZJORxdONOvRI3pWLjSmm1dXT0QL3/KH46jaNSQavUrip/NXqoTsdaMKTPA3FUKtPq7YtKq9HSfu5mbHUaV6WCv/qYkEGl1QhpPzdAyGjc2lEmcVWqrlWVgyUamE5j0W3qQnyVClodI+Rmj9JqBJwBnY7EWafxVmouN4laPa/6rULm5HVChif4PY8r8VYq02r/aX5HFWHQeYWQoTf8fseXuCsVtDpKSK9KcBkW7T2D5P54rPpNnYm/UnO510OEXFJhgFBAB/VJqybx+SIJSs19fnFHuathgA7qw5iMP21EIpSay318rNxV6STEQeUkRKnKXZVOe8/tZDionMQoVbmrcjmVGAeVkyClUnf11jl+pxVB6LyaHAeVkySlMnf1ukplEZjuW+TBK35Pk0KylJrLvRsit3tUFCAQx3sJeZSkip+SNKXmPj8npE8txxKA87fJUNy7Th1InFJzufcjhKgxVs1yso+QpzGacuqZBCo1Nw0tq4FT/M4r/NBxgZDh+I5BrUcSlZrLTT0k5IoKWPkGQ1MvkhNCtZBMpeZyL++Sm938/iu80XmZkNFkhaYEkqrU3KdHhFxTM1h9cPomuf+S370Eklil5nITQ2TwLH8Kika0g0Edm+K3LokkWKm5z0/BrKoggCdO9JH7SYv1W0myUnO5dw9UEMAT52+TkSQbVCDZSqXe6gXVZdWAzmuEPE9ok98g4UrN5V7eITfUSIC6nPoDGUpmDFUk8UrNfRght1XDyp32i0ns5a8l+UrNTT9TDSt3jie+KcVJgVJVw6oOZ5PflOKkQqmqYeVCRxqaUpx0KFU1rBw52Z+GphQnLUrFhtUtNXnVwtk/krEUNKU4qVEqbVhd5M9IAW3+S1Dz83uTBtKj1Fzu9R3Sq2IAnGM3yN14J+/zSZqUmns/TAbUxBVK1620tPl1UqXU3Ocx1QtA6SHkcRKnoNQhXUrN5Z4TciXz4aqOq4SkItovkjal5t7eJTcyPsD6RB95ENd1JZondUrNTWU9XHXmNnkYm3V55ZE+peY+Pyakhz+17IHBqWcp6ZaykEKl5nKvsjtkpeMauf+a34Z0kUql5iYfkL5MOqvHbpAHiZ19Wp90KjX3cYTczGBk9cQAGU5XFNUkpUrFyOpg5tpVp6AtlbIoqklalZqbfkpIxnKtniXkSRrbUozUKjWXe0HIJf4MM8FFQl7wn55GUqzU3MQdcjUz/VXtVwhJYK5J76RZqRgCuJGRPGsd18mD1AyadiTVSs1NDZP+TKy3cryfDH/gPzqlpFupuc8Pya0u/jRTzMlbZDQ9o/udSblSc9OPye3UZ68880fyOL2Nfk7alUrHAaZ8FEB3uqahuJB+peZeE3KBP9NUcpaQcf5T00wGlJp7d4dc5k81hfQQks4hKTayoNTcu/vplSoINdVhVINMKDU3eZdcS2cfwGVyPxtCzYhScx8epFOqINR0x/tNMqJUlOr11A2ubr+aHaFmRqm5j8PkRsqk2n4ttcOmHciMUqlUUzUPoKOXPEh5D6pIdpSa+zhK+lMk1Y4bZChDQs2SUnOfQaqpyVwJQh1O4Vxpd7KkVJTqzZQMrcqcULOl1Nz0o5RINXtCzZhSUapp8FXbr2dOqFlTam56LAVSbb+WPaFmTqm0WZXwGSsYR03rrH53MqdUlGrCuwAuZyqOqpM9peY+J7y3KptCzaJSsbeqN7nDVS5lqK9fJItKRakmdmRVT0aFmk2l5j4mdhBgZoWaUaXiIMBEzgI4m5UR/rVkVKm5D3eTKNXu7Ao1s0rNvb+fvBUBT/0xu0LNrlJxGmDCslae+H9TncyvAdlVau4NIYnKBXzs/yFP+FfPIhlWau4luZ2gDOsdN8hY6lP61CHLSs09I7cSM1ql/RoZSW1mdC9kWqm5R6Q/Kf2ql8mDzA2fspBtpU6PkuvJ6AHoIfezMw3VkWwrFftVr3ItxJpuQlK1WH8TZFyp2AOQgLDqqT+mb21pv2RdqZgIMPZh1RO3spAgtQGZVyqmV415WPVYP3nEv2yGUUrNvSCDsQ6rdtwgo1kOpHKUUnO5J+RmnMOqV8lw2leb8IJSKp2v2hffWNU5cjfbgVSOUirweYRc4bqIHV0qPsVQSkWmYjuu6tgfMrHchAeUUilvYzpYpf26avZzlFIZz8lAHPNVXCTDmR6WIqCUyhmL48zqbnI/i1P7HVFK5Xwajl+36onbGZ6NYkcpVef9nbj1VXX0q05UE6VUg9dkMF4Zq6+Sh6pvykAp1eQp6YvTuOoeMqT6pkyUUk2mH8ZpsOopcmeSfzEFoJQq8PFufDoAjt1SQ1ItKKWKTBLSxZXSaq5nesq0A0qpFl6SgXi4qspJtaOUaiUmrupJQpSTakUp1crH+6Sbq6WFqEhqLUqpNibiEFW9TEZUJNWGUqqdJ61PAdBN7mdvbZRGKKXa+TxMLnDFtAgVoHJCKbWGloeq1JhUJ5RSa3nR2lCVClA5opRaS2t7VU+qiVOOKKU6MNXCUFVHP3nGv4ZCRCnViRYOAFQBKheUUh153KpQVXfms0+6oZTqyKeh1oSqOm+Rl/wrKKwopTrzjpBWTKu+Qsb4F1DYUEp14XkrMgCdJvdVZh8XJCl1pqQV+WZKmB4mPVw/kdExoDqnXJGj1Px+tbrDt9PCJBk8wRUUFZfIQ37xIKyXyyW+GR7zmhb+RSz4Ver8iqZpxTz/S2etWj2c4dtSmNssf5FaYBM8Jde5giKiS0oeiuVq9WiBb9djoeYp+kGrVg/4pkGwEhvhS6mFL4dVRnmJ76LMHlWP5Fb+63CNNb7dKj4PRTurqr3PV7K0Qmm7fHhQ3lwu8B2MGXhEq3y7HpsgtQDCclBqwBIb4UepyxUmU8ruLN8L7Hi7OT74AlfQ+HbLeEMGo8wAfMFPzL+gHbHnUK1WNkStgl62+GZdDuBML6bXBQelBiyxET6UClU8sLu1UcbvJNwPqG+2+aYsFuEBzPPt1vGEXOMqioATfyTeY/7zeuVGOTAdpWK1uu/JsEHLoioYG784KDVgiY3wrtQS3pN1dk/mvhxVy3QLKVfL1hpIAvkQ307PfLobYf//DR/9/fNYu1U2l4rFlXU0G0aNBk3byhzfrs/i1s4K32wGB6UGLLERnpUKvmj1aJH/AVrd9VTHJJyJ6HJVnifD3uv+PVDnvq7I5UPTpS9oWjSvuFOLKlw8K3VbfHUzw1hUadWP3Sbv+DUbswLPYsesxgob0TtK8VXqDJjUQ0cHaH5V07SS7V4Vipq26lgN1RxeLKJzky9pWlHwIRaKlhJnF+FjMWzlfJZ0Pt4np7iWwqWXPOWXbEwenFTnZxEd8VUqfDOnsNHMuu7a7wi6nNtl+/YssSzA4XBoAoDHu8bCClv6/Ye9pndeAK+YcmR8A+ezQuAlGYiiU7Xbzzj/VfjNTiG8QmmzfHhY3ly13I8lbedgv7xmj04vbIn9A3Ol9XKl/GXNNA8L29vgR8yswe6NUu0NFpS6ss38U7NEdu7serm6u82il7B9VA7WjelVqWXQSW0oflGMWxkO0poRQKmu810Mp8NRcwWubNA2N5CiUhewUcnZ5d/B+awweBhFAuCOP5A3/HoegLfd4Vnk1427e2i2J+ZpnAY4sj4Kq1E0n9imfivhcy23xIvUb7uJeTraMBr6sezSciV+7ibs0LeDhMg9KjUPP2WfbwusYwt0tVgs7cDX2OM7MUhwtL1a0sDvt9YQToeD5vbgwMN1bRN/zoaxV1fqIt7FXW1xdQtvOq/1nM8Kgw93SPidqhfJY345D8zCD8bHbwPvKTwkqokj3TYWTaNhk4mpq9wMmCGDfX4qqg1FyKgJ6Runo4FnlsIs0XruOsZ4ObbXxQ8elboAV3Ho2NcO1/hPwFA9e5OpF8UM5lLFqm6nw1GT8AtwP77/FUOJulJBkEesVingHWWtOuezQuEF6eV6Co3jf/Qzv38ZfrmDcTqoHmrUd8f+PT2+jUGCL1DpFkEsVnWbuqKN5fLiTG5mGW8wtyD4OfwrzcwsoYWwN6b10/HL8CrNLJGdu7dcmMMY/NGWuR3gQXlUKirjC992BFtc7NfgjdJf6RmzGrJiHk41x/0btMbLdMtU6pKxDx4C1PdsfIHzWaEwPRR6VvWrvnL7gA6cfq9muKdowph40ODxuzS/b7Vnpq7wDvNnmwdRVVnjAq/C4+QFhxYcPx0rPN33Mkuk5+7QM1h3EdvGb9N8+MijUvHX1Hcy4O1ldTBUP2angCvG4ag5vd80D+eyq5hKBSdVdyvYG0y9d+ezwmGC9IfbqDpNhvws5bMBv91oEzgxBwdQW4HVm9sQN1NX8CjMOwxnsD9QbbtcnrjNazgddvq8IFShROFcdBuNbXhQDm6LRzwqFe1W/Q4IqDjotyjAkR4snH64oEkA6gxTv3SvtTj8rfQA57NCYjTckSrtN/yNSkWTadONlTwcQA0j+mz28IuOoSs8yHy0KDIaloGNiq5BPMT2btDT5+BxmK1Zo0TLueA+i9sejJgLPmxq/REjuvTma3+VE85KhdrdttdWHBxAXTDns0LiPRkMs6fqHBnlF/IGKtUxVG0AB9A6H+0L3eGAoSs8iNtOAO0xddlM3bE2nE3x+PEsOqOGUK1KNc6FFomxDd/coVnuER9+qrMaZtbKZbTw+gGo6TpvvP1wq+Zq9Yv1vVAcOP+0cnI+Kywek8tcVSHQ+QcfvVMI1v5u/n++WCzRZjdVKjQZDuluBww1WQ9Ce0wtrKg2Q/om8PEhuA0HplBdlCpug1LNMv3iUalo2pwM9yy64DpULuhC04+cqD28kVJtxem/NVqlfgozUuUrQoXAs3f2xOa+QG3MocLS32snDAXBQbt0g6H7V6LCXJQKTQhxzLZ5hniuuB2FUvEHOFwE7X91X0Ngi8oF+6Rrw9IMh8MbKdVWHCid3tZolZobD2/4/wnfGSixmnGKS4pWgAkLboyrX2goCHwnsdUFTSqPSj2Yg8pRmOphniGeK25HolSMuZldbTrwVlV4F5kuF6z9aw9kOBzeSKmLsCE4ZfoBESs1xEjVNd/Zp9FrdGjRgwyquyU6OAK2dJvqqgxDQSBw0XmEc2kkSVSYi1Kpi2u+CuYZ4rnidiRKxRe5Rg54z/RfoMsF/QQXL8rp8EZKRQ9fCCXAG08DUhErNfcmrO5/nxEqCtyEWmOAd0Rv88Imvc/ggh7RHQ4YCoKDKnSDgs+opkXlplT6dhjm3TxDPFfcjkSptLfDfnvwndKtvy4XDCu5DF11OryRUrE4c0IBGmx6H6NWam40nDnV7X1NzJvGCHrNJAtw6I2GEXxOhVXPEzMUhAeZDxbvsB6lMlWlF2jCPsauGCMqYJ4hnituR6NU/AkVM1RR+AL+It4yfidmDMcTJG2MnyhYfp/j4Q2USt0O43MjSB25Uj+EE6nyG6GiYEC/Ko5LmoVbAffJqIjhY3rj8S65RZoNBWGw1Ox+hDvMuqNEhbkqNTcL7ZcKfxDmGeK54nY0SqWS0euXwtohXhNretY9RofsMLngzj325RcPLWEAx8MbKRVPOmDvfAEHYbCXJXKl5p6EMaa6c9BnhIqBldOR2fxfOwI5fjHdTRxUwYQlWI38ultvKtxVY0QL2iN2h0WFuSuVnrDHwrHmGeK54nZESqUNd/haX7RNGhEFm4ovdwXuWH6Vhke4XFDSlY2l4hooyKJUx8MbKZXe98pGqbiI8QK91oteqaFEqi42Y1IBdMWq20t4B4o45BdsotHFT99nLizU0SFVYXHXFgYwFYS2oMKaFhgT5HEtUWF1lEqju+zum2eI54rbESk1NyuME4UXGG8AtswZB/AjuVxm0HnhWD1Wp8MbKrUAv8/gC+9NiV6puefyE1WDSW0u/bT+KCrMeqDvjvVwdWt1CYUL/7iw6KPY29zG46zxAkFB9AYfbmvUAFV4hFRUWD2lUlfV1lcgnituR6VUsIVwCxh7/Isv8z3bBdCOIRccToUc2kfOOBzeUKlQ2VETDPA3H2iBUj/dl25ULzad2a8gBk8P6G1B+0k5KoE6+PMRjts37hdFVJAw9H1Hb2KIn9dTam4WnintADB3ieeK25EpFaCzoLQV80fnl7TNbQ3sa36Fjo5kzC5qW1uarasYqT0cNsybMK857c3liyVtW1sS4qrOZ4WLdKMKJrX57D7zX5g9rWzpQbxZ2pKobM+hJ2C80yushtu3Tlmh3oLZfzW/w0zIvun8Wj4HU2F7mMLHRfgU223mLvFccRtUa5bpF59KzTLSjarvflQbhWLRNt1xoeg0dGWBTY+sDxZWf9xLi1FK9Y5koxrIpGYPpVTvgFGV2aca1KRmDKVUHzwnN7jKJND5R2VS/aCU6oNPMgeqKJPqD6VUP7ySZ1SVSfWJUqofJI7+u6RMqj+UUn0hzaieIMqk+kMp1RfSjOpVtTqqT5RS/SHJqJ4g99XK6P5QSvWHJKN62feclMyjlOoTKUa184/KpPpFKdUnYFSD5/5VsVT/KKX65VXw3v/2W6rh7xulVL98Dj6k6hx5xAtTeEYp1TfPg+b+aR9ocqh/plFK9c2nOwGnqZ5ucvZUtlFK9c/jgKn/b5AJXpLCO0qp/vlAbgZJqHKKDHlfI02ho5TaBI8Cpf692kTaFIUvpc5sl8PMUp4c3gbJUnWC/OA7E1UymbNNMgyGH6WuRzJbOQmMBuhSDd6ROq+JE3els7LFpvwvbxkTXJtiNcj6E7X4UCqmQNGzwswVLWtD5opFIeUrUqRZUkuWg5BZnIa9bDu4EbPFNU1bq1khzu0alHnbxM2ZFTh2UdLsy4nmu1QldKSKU+g9s1D0auH2eJqq/WB2SZSLDHwodcWcrQ33Sl8kimLLcT5jJkfWU1gwSnoalr0a2bkzs8ETJxxqgvRcr8GgyTHMvKBLel6XXSk3L0CXqoSO1GaUikkhPEp1m9232UYrOzSgZM11Dc9gp7zjkALCKz6Uumcm0qCCM9JusZReplJZ2ikdfdG4XM5cPhLwfBfEZerMhDVu1+BgumTzeVouLKVGarpLVUZHajNKxTQWHmsyqLU38jRnU6DaX5ALpYCP5Mian8AP3pW6ANfR30qWvsPM4WlRKk1zVNmEypal+ajoMsL8XPvrKyt0mV9B53WZwYN3taW1DdgwHpDrNTjbcAHzcLzwUXlznSZe8nrhujTdpXpWQkdqM0pF2+Ix0QxNeonU5Gj1QxHqQIsRxzytjZaKqod3pUJ9apg0UAc+dMOWi0rF5G9VjX9JukSsvsCGVi2zSp8uK+mQANwJ1CQ3g8sHenXufg3GEtymLfN5rlcrbC1mukKoa+p7PzxvMvp/Q0JHajNKXdxiC0Z7gS8lbiz22xRf7M1vvPVBbr53pYI6jYoTtrfgzTOSDAlKxcSxgtmfRxnxrzxvKBsXo3Rdf8YKXMp8txtfg5KHk5aFdF2LG/pNx4UVhdWXmudjc9H/EzKi/s0o1R/F5cCNT7jRlsof07Kj1fFo2GvxrFRUh/HlQQmb4M4YRlVQKr6Pon8zi8a3pnmOR3l6ZTF7eo1n2egaUNuXXRLLwVP26q/V5xHp5urzwyXygp8fgPCVGhxMxmh56vBMdlGtTUfkPSsVrmRaQVQqujM8G7GgVJqRmm7pYF7Emq+HOz0pFV8Q+9mNroEWe95FqZi70fKuN8ubZpaohvbUR35+AJKgVKj8rY8IHOUVNDHiOi2+8KxUaKOYniUqFduIurkzlYrRIatDhG+XNVwBYDp5vlkftKl236bRNUC3G27JOlGpPiJk7kz/iRzn+vNOd9MJU0WsSp0rrZcr5S9rYkOxUNosHx6WN81UlAtbZfsLurC9DbXLzBqcvVESPCKHk12OzBW1MrCBYW1bDlJ4wJYVBtC6zNCmrfg9Z7SdPWjqelhn14dSQZzmpalS0ajy5p2pVGx0i78FgIOFZWQoWA14bFlio9V2jxtcA8wwruflrFRsgcoJ/zfTprpO3vCzg2BRqpml12gB5deNEN6h7iQ52GHYpbHmKLCrV9UuJzscyRO26liMpbGopQ60gcHgzMBuQcDr+nfXF72uh1elom0zL02VKhhVU6nwLtlNIP4eqzhoxm2PwSK4S3ZPtcE14GP8ps5K3XHc2wxT/jv/pbSnLKqjwQwdPapME/1X96my9Jici1Lp3aXo/QIuJzscmUcjcljGZ4lYHglWcpbmAFg1fCjwdc26FC3sYbmMjVzeyKmHV6Viin7z0kypeazD6YtsKhXeEmtwgsWZLBXuIpwHL6k3qKqr+2IFUf8aeleao1LRhXVaybEZHvru/L8oZ+60oDp8Q8uLM7mZZZQs9wwPqoc0SXce3SRedQnn6OAu+FeamVmC/3Vr4HZy7ZHgih7hY8G35cCWcxiNmLgD5EOD/lil6ZYa28EbqPq5DS9tFq9KNbWIMKVSp48ac+NTNO92JeDbyL/d/A64NfBn9cCTa0LhC1wcGG5T/WtgHIq+Uo5KxUCsR2PekAlyjSvQI9Ce8rlEqjOm6vAB8LWk8tiqZL6iZtwqfIGZCMxzDPCeVcv0Y7xp3JFzObn2SKzgmWZxn81Bg3Mt7RD4m7ZysKNKtzLL8JX0a3nAq1LxJalRKla0dL0jQ6nYVLc2dth7xH8I/cnAjh+15GmcH34WV3f9a8DBbMEWJ6WiX2+uEhaQ6bvkGNegN7rJQ35qMEzVwf03W9igF2tzG6wV/F52q12UqjuIuG0+Xobl5Noj4V7qrQW457ZWB/gQ4nfJg0DZ44EP9LOgJLsTVw+vSsUvyDcBXanoE6BRNZSK/onVqbRYfNxkGN66F3TXfZP+xrrXmD/S1wpzUCq6K35e4wY897lCZa+kWSnwLNgvs76z+IhsjUW0e9zOOiq1ote6WJLFrwQsJ9ceCc9cFyPcfVvwCSpOUYVwLO/xx7FM3OLgTvvbUQevSkW7xjcBXam0GQ5XsyjVqWY272C+uKihn8rbgGzkHmCrPmzMYVXEf33da8At4ip2UCoWonvMHi9cjw9kgGvQE8fJAzmzUgzV4W03Xzy0gfb3H3ax32ecYyLuwmCMNcwEOJ5sHAmehy5PsaOdAQIR94Al5SuToXXln2BJfPVGL3hVKj5kvgkYSsXqFAy/oVS8W7ofooOn2gzZIhTAfi8dlUWhH7gzRxulqMJ618Dbx69Vq1RsaxoNOc8XroO/AdUXZaX3M4QDChG8QWtkKF8slmiD3ZNSbStO1TtZ34uPgQeswPIIsSfEEAgFWxZ6wwTdaX4attmq214r14A2lTY+502l4ndyiCDVRPmhkmY7DcG4Lu9tgGrEoGmda2CIVzcNNUrFisd0p3xc2JXXfsb+tQ/ISpxiCAd+tdinUjEEM2cO3vWv1AYn63vRldqhVkHsV+dYlQoHGAFwdBh5rZfHhUah6BWbHXPGj5+quyriF8Gwz7apVHTrbbJE9dR6zvglsbqeK3I8VAPoNOA57tcAk3qEvSYI7MJtw/tahG9aNu+Jnwu7MX3/tveZ/2ekzfI3hLNrrWPhFzOlot0y8KvURicbezHwsL9WXMET7HUc2AHhmcP3rLCHUqbhV+P1KtJAUHXf7iI74VWpWHMyLSLCK4PGdh5fFPYp1tHW3kohkiKA2q5xjBqAbwtWIu7XwFJt6N8ThbpnvmtyeEbOcx025goZ52cFxRAOaERsycCvpdYKK5/dEp0+BFs+ldrwZGMvPnnOrv3GWlpU6CdYMZst81/guRgLr9fDq1JRA2b5glKpUcVGDrsY1gTWF6xWVwhqy8ubJILnoLrdr4FvjA1eH+LMAelCzb0j17kOG9I+KCeYChjCAUdP6KfGFgo6ffgwdHccNv0ptfHJwpH7bN7QYW1wHPwS8x2i/qgFsUE8gzbZuhK0I16Vir/AtIGiGwI/o2pGW1G4likIGNWwhTAQtNGe3BMBvBK+63WuwWt0BNR7CP+xi+AQVutgaylMP/A8TEVe5W8KB2NzpvOCLzIaE7i1hnMEu/wptfHJ+l4wqSCIhWKtFQLAuTPfIVCL4KSgp2b9Kvik+GYdvCoV+/3NcXWiUvHK8E/3DbD2EJY9xkpXb/cJJh67NRz0i7+cNww5y+aTKMBV2S+qcw0TsUVFhSpc3gH7hb3x1HNI9Rp5yc8JjCEcfENNxwrceNp7BPbMqHnhAH9KbXyyvhcu5+6+oenS7ycaOVYOA5soFnljU5dv1sGrUlGcpokWlUq/FcCFQOc9GdOaVlBE/Lz5almPSMxgdS1+ex2oKCzWEq60xcui57CKyf0aAoJSPQi15sLeeEf6uBIb0DEoY2QqwxQO3BJjWpjuG6ESdCOAonAQG8NRf41P1vdiBb/i9nbjO6Q/bCjHMvTN+n4BICB2zSVNc49ZeVYqfDGzf8yiVJwLAuhKoBauuqetFjWcpKeHMti7dbBeKhZXqBdt639joBot7xuWvf9FW9ToOfrr7noNAUGpGDTY521PYMd0uA1qLuwNz9W/rJ5UxBQOhrMr7OGiO8UeEFoOqqUC/iifSm18sr7XbBPsl9ftt06YqpEHM2G1I/BMK/C8Dnmf+gz8zQ5Ag0I3nPCsVPgJ5pthUSp9m02l5uapdgy29LMK8EVM9hxfR4xa6EaCAjfJZN+wem7XEBCUyo8ycBjHVXNhjzwjF7gW6yOx8heFg35Q9XBbo7NuK6yJOov3eWt1CacAwz9/Sm18sn4kf+ycsu1x7hsKwcOsrhk+U7D+8JV3NU3D6G2F2Q7Yb/+SJp6VaulvM78HBe+XUHcWNFOTO0IDX0gmceDi4oBgLDUFvLos5AYcsBvEcLuGCVQ6+s+2ytpxLk/thb0xSfq5FuvScVte5W8RjjmQurqji8WQ0FEJDvWn1MYnw0d0bx6e+iFWUWysm20wtHn3oWlvu7MYtQIjys5DjrgaYNM+xsbEs1KxYEOdc9qqxe2bLxatbuCCpm2VNW3Z7voVNW17U1tyq2exdWbrl4N3pKRt7mgrNee4XYMzq2n6KUaUn1N7huOFPTFETnI11kPOtBQOVG/mA53fYe/hvjC8jI3oqWzP4aHMObCcw7Dsgveey6XRyfqR0Pbnvn9+EU+x2k0zwg6ul32UBpgFcEzzq6yf8GiDv2LYHez+ELwrVYxfhAXcEpxYEj3NX9hb9d9LXvPjQ6AAL5/d9V6o2eMDLydjn7ZZl4E7aNUYeqfcUa3DDHxz08TBQ+Dj4JzwrlSs/v3G6n2Clq02ihwBAS486WVAVSchka8/NeNQdXim8ckgK8GdACtp64eESt+xzewOPgSHFoSOd6Vi67+2V1QqK9R/aQFBLjxEurge3Tkrs/L3hrVXwCceTrb4rmhBbYPbwd+tYyCdgDP0WflO+FAquB4YXAiRvRbV/YEu/IJc4np0J9TK3xmMhtpnRnjGw8likz4PRuzI7jCAE9q4+hfZq58yzIdS0TcWm9/SgR/vEhIImUAXft+4+u9sQRpqHKjRtLPm4eQZjL1sl8DRXKQZ8WpUaWmGeQAeQp26359SoSyjpy0MZoK0AoIQ7MLDDXOpykjw55dCSWvapHo6mWYD0zmqFRm6nX7cj/Uym3zkhh+l5gIN5kwtLxqupCZrAlW8mFnDDkSqUz3OZAGMavPvSi2+lKpw4gO5yRXpQscgSekaFPPLmrYUJMbgA6XU4Aw3CP6fltjnn12UUoPzrMHQv0vSRvtnGaXU4LxtMPK/n7znRyqaRyk1ONP3SQcXpRPHyQN+oCIASqkSGKubn/ocecqPUwRAKVUCL+vGqdIZo4ocpVQJ1I1TtQ9GPzoljSilyqBenOq0vEmpmUYpVQb1pqheVDEqKSilyqBenKqfTPKjFEFQSpXBZ/c41TEVo5KDUqoUxsgZrkw754KvPa1AkqrU9fJ2awZdO+Mep7qWkRhV6KPskqrUzdoZj63ENT11u8TcKfWZD5JeOyiFqsy09I54Vyqfiuw4FJylIi85W7l5OEscGDa7CscuB5w8uFC1LcrdYoZdVlHviixGZZnYFDk7oc/V9KxUM1vm/rp1br+QcGLP4a2mOQnNbGklNskbjm0iuY7AntxxukF5Ss5xbVrpkbMElZVFahiAZWGugmel5jfKm+Ich4WtskOqDp8s+ZyL4h/PStUFRhEnzayKsxSMdeYM5miSD/0eFszEGQ2mzTTC7zSdkJlwSaR+TcJ6/nZwJqjOrmHJPCsVp8OLFgVODLDWAQfnogQzPY3wrNQDntsFs5GJuX5oZqTKJrzgX+hkBSMFHwenLZr3EPN87a+vrNBJYnWnIjYCc3SFnH7ADx9dOlRvhtCVilIz0WcftVapWHWGOwPej1KZPGfxlxlzOalToPGbRReBtSbUhVrhcMu8h1q1zN68Aqabsi0N4w8oIE5tqmHHpH8nyDD/XCIotXVw/lfXaUXHBdJipQoLqYWDf6Vyw8i+FebCFH42na8o5lbDjJXLYHb1ezhvzFbGxNKBsgfBt/D2ZKLhsePIv1BG/AlSo+k5WdXSYqVivqpQ21TNKBVbMzzpP7qdYnJWXLXVSEYMgJzKYn5IATw1yFwxzBgXo+r/lWNE9UoY0VRRapjthE1tb7VS4SmHWv03pVSs8qk+MdOstV2DywuYLUk0nPMuSsUjA81qBFc3eJtVGh8cs1P3y1qDSsQiNTBlLKN+q5VaCrn6b0qp4Hyy34oRKGusCBNPm6t5gRo36NvmcA/BMAfLHbjjO0dXqPzg0PUfTqe/RWro79MXnim1sLJzcFheq9d/V1epRQ2bzRs0BuYvrwzWcWG2/ptSKi4hQG0qNuxt7xEcZ6yageF5uGeOSsX7FUxomMCTb8aBMYelKc+E0ulvkRrWb1SXVKlLGFMB7BEYkTpK1ZdSZphBcE9A/ekvEZU/mlIqmlJ6d8Au2vP/4G/V48o8Ou+k1Dy6qcH6itFFC+Q+yGWcXOT6NLlIXvFPZWKRGtxvs/ZfhU8YPPu/E+5KzWMs4ZAnmfad2glOMxQSAs0oFRv07O7Aa2T/ciBLvRIAKVEn1kGpi9goCxT5Z46G+/OInEnSy/VpciOUsakWqcGzMFpUwOHKbGEZrYV7X7O7UnGVE2y/z4BLceCUursucHaYfTHNKBV/Gg1lYl5ie0wTP2T6wTWnaOPcotT5HfCD4JjqQdCYhv2Ot5jPZLCdC1Sng/wgZ510K+IPx4qFZYOmSi0zdWFr1fXW4Onb1BFl4NOgH2D2clZ/46PzfWvRoPPNMPCvVLouFAunYjTV3vmOt479SPCgWNjColT26lerfImXAOAdD9Mx8stoTcrfU+Ek+BWUugBNf576FW+sviwE9m262jc83Q79QAjew7Pz3YjAVJb1WnIB8aNU2ptKXfYjFsjE+teuFVQqi2Ad6UmJLUrFzxmHQatuKCOgAyGV5zWDVEIZnmIqdW4RbafeXQhKrRj1NfpgbqpxVSpITZc3PCWf7SnWzraOXZKKH6Ua6EuPoVKdan/6MVQqXMV2PzVfXNTQT+XVFhsyCPitb4wS4sGbmkEqvSEMTwGsUtNfVrjx5l3GOKJbtwie7lj7w0m6PKHN7LurG9UQYpjKv1L3dgxbiCE0pxYVViH4s3lVYlcqZRELpObAHKVFP/AOnGG/eiupHaQSUjZKUam7hhNlUSp2ybi1A3STrIO2hW7g4+SGGAyJbyMQI6XuFG3LTmGLyiFKhQF99JT0yLGjUtE7YKF/Q6lHdL934JQ4jVGpGaRynIzwT+SCUqOLa66vCXbTolQ8xM2Hd1VqHvTJlvXExpG/uD8QI6XWGjCQo62fCRWK4gWTeoQ3E4FduG2vjXDZA/QTjHXNfLaxcNxfnPzU3BPbtL/TIU32s0uNEVyp1GfYXyuuoPvrv7aKtVIxDGD9cvhjcS0gbAjasJ+Oh/h+cQWcH1gLeWlbRO1CSDkpPCgVK3K3e+uuVOzv4uz671PB56n3+YRAMKViLWHdq2vXXKnYwO74oKjdvH4v1PPFWsJbW5PqajgNKi9KRfvmVkW5KhVO2t/AwXDVw2buKyo1Jm3/WqXiWCnLsvgYYWXtR16jI6DeQ/iPt68McJirfZ8fUOmBg7IymbINp+ojU/wTuXhQKqrP7d66KhVMKtjhhWKTVTg+T/+W2DPBlEpb+vvmi0QH9ta8j0KLSnjnsB/EMWa3UNQjgbP6Dy/o580JRjio0uXzwDKcqp38wPdLxlWpptsOT6tu5N9RqdCgCuKNgXdrviryCajUGZCbOXBnBYVaO5zWVOp8tayHuGhXV+39pqE8ZqaxKcqWv8QeZarJFbDOhhmFO+M7Oh0uDy0p/06ENYHaXam6VLF7hXceLmmarYfFVanbcENXavoLjALyS1qJmY4FfSnyuVXNrNXgcYU5CjOgUpkVre5pq0VtA1XLwxwWTKWi+3SwXioWV77geY4/zGil4cHsFuKcF7oLh14YdgPuTLhzzHzzjJzlKkXOkmd8v2TqKLW6gVpCoeojVODe2Sydq1LNtsV+ed1wAYwCsFQaFcTmGhuDjFEdo8KHJxrmyPagSs3NU30abDnUx6ZSC6g5gz3H/j7sMqEvqqlUVDW9c6hiXal52Bunbn/glWXgXzhD/gBXpW7D7a3sbNGbrB8Am16VSj1/gzJ/OrDJCsDjaMcVPhgW+8bjdH8MG7hB+8fr4Vmp+y5KzRU0U347jm15qLz1myVksThw8YlAqWycBM7JYs7WLuyi9w0Hxuqn4W0NsanZDO/INa5S5Bp5x/dLxlWpmmE26OA9Cvxh81hdlZoHk0LHdrABqny4C2yxAvA4WomhUlkYHQ/TA1Oron0NAc9KndN9EwcWNG2rrGnLLl90VtOE5mRR07Y3tSVhjwXsOuDxrLkVPstiZpknEsovrhoRO7it5jSYePDZ0p86EFbWdIy41L7moJSVXGET65+KOVANR/LZwoP20+FENtoY2v4H7BnnF9HPomo3C5jfrx5Qo5kHY8J2bRyZrwGcEWhWfCM8KzUq4L55W8EcFB2jCX+MIdLJZYqDU4f43kgpFC3LFaOl83Q7QcGgSbNOBG+PqtFrAeiMhZp+KW5KRZPqKeyMkduYVf653CNhWepTLViAuga8nV57nEGTgkcLdhMDL54LQJfA4yvRHHFTKjQwvTXowfmN08xUhjhE9Vw4g1P9Ac48i+95APxQU6mY+wpNpOcC4Hn4nHflk7gpdc9j3Y+VTZgtzeaYIJe4TnG11Nd8bwvZ85H8C5uoenWWB6/zCL0IrwWgsoN0GzQmZkqFu+Xt9wrj02PEB3KD67St7XoYSSl8ArfTa90PfiqGZbZLxWJxkSa4wxCg5wLCfx4xU+qMpTlQB3Cjwn2Fm2KaDHKd4jDqMGb7+WO9rGcC9ALNKqZzRBXquQB4HqG2p+JX+3tlvtlxFOEyYgym7mxN0z8QM2vQ4mc63fDXOiocGTM8wiKpSo0pZuP/JHnI9yWK+WVNW/I70z8SlFKl8tzo+T+jVqCWi1KqVF4Zw/7Pq0Uo5aKUKpW35ApX6iW1VrpclFKl8sFYQPWaWi5VLkqpUvlsrKDWF9WKaVlBKVUuDwhPozZI+B6FHJRS5TLKA6qdYSyakmmUUuXymGem7gonzV+GUUqVyws+mqo7rElUmUUpVS6v+VSqHvKS71HIQSlVLu94HpXL5A3fo5CDUqpcpvi4v17ynu9RyEEpVS7TfNJff1jT/TKLUqpkhljGn7Ay/WQXpVTJPCQnQKjHQkrym2GUUiXzhAZUT6pwqmyUUiXznK6efoo84X8rJKGUKplx0gNK7VbjqGWjlCqZCTqWWo2jlo5SqmTekMug1J6w8vxlF6VUyUzSfH+X1Yh/2SilSmaKLkl9NayMlNlFKVUyH0k/KFV1pkpHKVU2tDu1X81NkY1SqmweEFDqQDgrpmYZpVTZDGO2X6JmUclGKVU2D8kxNYsqBJRSZTNGukJbhTrLKKXK5ik5reb7hYBSqmxwiMoZNUBFOkqpshkn59UAlRBQSpXNa3KhrUcNUJGOUqpsJshlpdQQUEqVjVJqOCilygaVGosVflKGUqpscJlfNehPPkqpspkkvUqpIaCUKhul1HBQSpWNUmo4KKXKBpV6TQ35l45SqmymSF9br1qOQjpKqbLB6SlKqfJRSpWNUmo4KKXKRik1HJRSZYNK7SNT/C+FLJRSZYNr/KupqfJRSpUOIUqpIaCUKh2l1FBQSpWOUmooKKVKB5Q6oJQqm9//v+/4lkIWyqaGwI9f/f//55tf+B8KOSilSufXv3zzM6j13n/9zncoZKCUKpnfv//zP9nGf331I91QSEEpVS4/fvWdYUp//uYvv/JNRWBAqddVb6osWMVv8s8/f8+3FAFR/f4SMSp+k9+/u/cvvqkIhFKqPMSK3+Tn//ircgEkoJQqC3vFb/KPe//NtxTNo5QqB4eK3+S3//zqJ76paBZU6hU14y8ozhW/yb+//vY3vqloDjU3VQLuFb/J3//8P3xL0RRKqYGpW/Gb/Pa3r5ULEACl1KA0qvhNfvr6P5UL0DRKqcH4xUPFb/Lf9/7OtxR+QaVeUFkpm+T3/7rnpeI3+fXbr30IWyGg8qcGoJnhUj/d+065AM2glNo0v3zT3BDU7+/9g28pfIBKPUee8b8UnoGKv9kxfb/+9T+UC+CbCXJRrZ3SBMHGSf/Lc7xAofOS9KiV03zTbMVv4DEGqzB5QbrbTpBR/pfCCwEqfpNf/6ImWvniKTnTdkyt8OsHWROk1EQrXzwmXW3t5Af+l6IhgSt+Eym2OTOMkRNtbYNqfX+PSBbXL2qilWeGybE2NeXPK/Ir7H/++XvlAnhiiLS1tV0nH/ifijpIrPhNfv/uKzXRygtkEJR6TQ36b0xoXqWaaOWFT6QflHqZvOF/K9wIs6X+j3tqrnUjPpLroNSLauHUBvwcRsVv8tt3aqJVA3DQX5saotIA8CXDDif9++tvlQtQj3fkMii1mzznfysciKZ9/vd7aqJVHSbIJVDqaTVExZ3IkkupiVb1wAEqbWqIijsRVPwmP339NzXK2oVxchaUepw85H8rrEQdmP+fP6uJVs48Jd2g1A4yxP9WiLQgq+Rv3379b76pEHlEukCpbTfJZ75DYRBpxW/y01dqrrUDI9jtr7pTnWhdj/x/q4lWtdDO1La2K+Qt36FgtDSdtJpoVcNH0keVeoG84nsUSIsqfpN/3VMTrSxMkmtUqWdV6F8kDkPx1EQrCyzw39Z2ijzmexRxWUfCSwLB7DBOzlOlHldz/nRaXvGb/PiVmmilg/P9kHbygO/JOv+IQcVvoCZaGYyRk1SpbQPkE9+VaWI3qPmXb76J1xdqFUOkkyn1OnnPd2WY3+K4Is+PcTLyLWOa3GRCVaP+gZiOvI+R49w6psgNrtQe8pLvyyoxns308zeZn2j1jlzlSu3OeLq/WFb8JpmfaPWaXORK7SKP+L5MEnslxPxNCp0X5BxX6jEywvdlkERMY/75P7I80eoJOc2V2pbd1FSJMVd/z/CilqOYlIrRR6b4zoyRIBcww4ta3iftXKhZHfeXsPwl/87oRKspPuYPOU9e8L0ZIoHtlP/J5KKWb40gFU6kzt5oqkTGfn77WwYnWrEp1IzjmWv8JzZxWQYnWj02m/6Y7Xea784EiQ5QZm5RyxFynMsUyNYYlb8nu9Pn128zNdFqmk/3Y1zKUL6/FKQr+1eWFrX8YIxPQc5lZipVSsKS3/tcXDjB4EKUJqey0vOfmq6e7Ey0em70+iOd2cj4k6o8pT9mZFHLR+QUVyklCxNU0tYf+fv3mZhoZUxNYVwj7/gHqSWFYzxCWc8lZnw2pqYwLqY9j0pKE5T/eC/tE63e8fwpOmfTPew/vQORUj/R6pUx4J+R7hWpUz24MyZZX8LiGU1HbdJOfkhtf2rqVyb5559TPNFqVM9KoXMjrSv9ZWEE8u/pnWj1mQwaw6gZaW1SZWRWR2LHhjWCrZkmciaVQ1QztCTZP9L5So7bGlQ4PzV9adR++1uWph6l080ZEwenMvpTN+svc3M5oAZJ3RCr+6SDC9TgCpngH6aDTC5E9ve0vZzWIX+Mc6lalDKrizum7Xe/sgz5Y5wgw/zTFJDNSZyUn75O00Srx3RxPxvpWUAt4yuQpmmi1TBbMs3KtZSkp1CrOv/67dcpGWX90TaQitGTjhkqGa74TX5KyUSrCSEphUlXGtakVkuPc75PxaKW1pkpOikYpKIqfpNf/5qCiVZClj+RxA9SURW/heRPtKodnsK4mOx0/6rit/N70he1fFszPIVxOslTqVXF78Svf0n0RKtxIXeaSGeCHVVV8bvw470EL2o5Srq4Nm3cSOoEVVXxu5PgRS0/ubipiY2o/vqtqvjr8UtSJ1o5R1ORrkR2/WcuS6N//pnMRS2fOEZTKTfJR35QYshg5tsm+P27rxI40eqBU6c/40rSklNCxZ+9bOJNkcCJVpOkn+uylu6ETaZSFb8PErewQe0UKpNjiYpTqYrfH799l6yJVqPWJH9WEtShqip+/yRqqq57jAq5kJg4lar4m+Lv9xLTQzJhS51mpSshy/2oir9ZktPr/NQ9RgW0JyJOpSr+ICSlQ++BuLhPLVcTEKdSFX9A/icJN/B9nRgVcjb2cSpV8QcnCZXSOLnENelM3ONUquKXQ/zf94e1aX6s9MU6TqUqfmn8d7wnWtWPUSEXYpxK5V/3VMUvj1//GudFLV/XjVEhJ8mDmFb/8b6zSeRf9+I70WrMKXmKlf6YDqdOx7TgmBHbiVYfyWBNjj878az+Y7Sm7aqmzfDN5BPXRS1fNqz829qOx7D6j1PFr1WrlWaVml/SYifzH7+K40Srh+QM12Md+sgbfnhciFPFP3dUrS7ybd9sVYFKkf8VE+I40Qoq/wYtf6SHPOHHx4OYVPxzRaqwcrW6Rv9uhs290kqlusf/ap6ZYlGmZf7lm29iNsTqJbnC1ViP47EK/odT8c9Xq0f+nvUKWMPdXK5UrW7zPa7UL3yjWuVbTTNzCFeY539I4ceYTbQa9VL5x6v6D1zxg/mxA3uLoLtZdoA3oNKHal/LHVR383yXK/UL36zu862m2QahVvcbfg8/xGtRyyly00PlH6fqP3jFnwfzY2fLv1Lze9WjOaj4F/jfdalX+PIm6j0Yq1AE2PYv/E9J/PxNfCZajTvkTHfiGPkhFtmpZVT8s1SbVsr+lbpera7kZirVAy+GrF7hYA21At9uEjDv4IZA46zphp0L8ZloNVJvXorI9VgsoyKlxZ/fKTNAPYd8E1pEPpUKh6N3ulStbrIddamv1BLfapb8frUCpRcOqoey412/fXcvFqOsvVb+bW3nY5BKTXaLH9QjqMynUnere9QQQmvIgzrqFX4Y2BJC024J/184qq7THTL5ORYTrRoN+DM5Ru63uPqX3+IPpFR/hFp42MRhndlht8RptbS4+v89hFC/UqpHfvvPVk+0ek8GuA4b09rq/8evQgj1Oyu1sLQkamq2KLSYinN8g7FQWinW6G9uaaVY00DSC58vrdkC9IXi8lqxNhDqWDTstkQa5oSureKS5lCMLFo90cp75d/W1jl4/xM/LXJCGjPhpNTiHvxXrRhRo2VomfPNXA4+MzujNHpktbovepkztHO0Wt2xdY+ywhf36YdbhpALK7yQ6oYobseikc2qGGoAF5n3bc1sHtETDlfY3yHQ2my0w87J/Z252qpE6qEl/IZHa1eqRh84UObKKcE22wIOzMDn7C47DvliiKdU4bvs7XksfA50xtjjZnVeiOweGhbUuWgK9oqZ6oWz2fdfZDpFzLdANr/9rXWTgN45LJXqzqkWzfsPbxEFeLA2pYJGKpvrGL7SJemi1HmU5P6WppVRJLtsJ4as4I8NbRs+tfY6YeFgKCvwGZ7ADSNKd0srlTS0tXqPrHPRjBnYY3xlLJOa7nk4sLKxXFzdqTlBKq2baPW47jz/GvpbMZ0qzMGS4mNnDx52oE0qglgOmZhclIpmb5VuzaLKaIyIdn6xUVEFzUGp3ODlzXM3Kny8Xx6dBu4DOxatA1qs6Gb2C3xJugGvwB6zyGhzrSfIpUVz1j7daTyGWqQFParhrvQBj9WuVP73Kmwu0y1npaLx1Kv3AuiJdbjjWXqLZ56drkML5yrHwSTMvywYVfUMmEVWoHPROvh19OofiqHRUzjDGP2ybbiu4fDrt60YFey0+nQ9OknUbaqQV0+Cp25Tqv5nAbZZ48RZqWDFTJtpyBo+dqt7xcJx4DWrtgUaFK2TB0VvsU0skjb2wQhv0D3AAuz00BERgFYMuBzxHkxlXCWv+KmREPosCVE97MkbrRqwV0w4jkpFIbMKGimAejAkgHutltTEUvgc/GFvpINvTL+Lc9Em4CYcMSsLlT+VdB7OMFpZ6Mh6GjITgO/vRTzRapL0cQV65TQZ5edGQARLfMFTdVMqWDb2kaNS0XIJeoCDcRDTfB2VWArHC9t7PXWlOhdtsgifs9cBXiYqYrzsEh+8WMTrhBep4kQ90apObn83Bsh7fnLoRLFsIjxVN6XqwnFW6jLsFOpYOLgM/+FeU41WrEqFcvQLF1Y2y7SRz3c5F22CrTZa/Rsl0oCDCKsMQiXSRS0/3xns5AL0TE9Uc1SjeWvhqTan1HWxO4DF4+E/dD/ZjlpqlMr0N7vFREqhF3QuWgAqfVr9w/+sjDV+uoG9uyAMfv8+uolWr1wX9nEH2lRRTFKJam1PeKrNKRXFITTJd6rVHfgPleoWd69RKq3TC7BRPSyva5oGW/SCzkULoHsA1T/aVlbNY2SKV/2UsN1Uzi/fRLWoZd2M6W5ciyJBZWRVCzxiT0o1amNdqbZ6njuTuNc6LsDEqlT4g7qY0Go/4hEp/YLORYvAlwDxgr96xF4La9ER8uO9SCZaNUpF6UwEbapfonPX4RE3VCq2YIy9ulLRrgl1bIUJD/fag086lsJx0gG2ivT/Ef2CzkWLgOkGjYJbwDu1sLnvdtlwiWai1VOXJX3r0z5APvACwuH3/4owBAKPuKFSsWWt62AWdEOViqEkHtUEsEmD4kLJGIFNG1i4ISes4bGOxhN1d0G/oHPRIhjjKuXhq+giB1fXjGtFy8/hL2o5fZ/4bk8hF8gzXkIoRLtKMjzyhkpF5XD5YY8RUyqttg2fAI5l/UJQVRt781aBYeEVfVAeHEdPwLg+90nRY2UXdC5aBI7YAVNv9KpuG12/LeCfYU+0aqY9hRwLs58qOiedAUJpqFQqP7p7FrZ0paKl3WcH56ERzvva0QJuMyO5sC+24FnheqYUHJdCjaAZG6U9/OyCzkWLgMCPoKVlfHUcoGIOoZozfkM0/PbdvVAXtRxplN3XjavkBS9CNtFnmDHUQXFRKjatK6W5+VWob3U/ldqx6oFWzM+vwJGG3UMt768ViyX8mO9jQOFwfnWzOFvCAU/MBmIPVAWUOLuCn+kXdC5aAL0MwPRNN+CvgyX0J+ZWd8WfFA2hLmr51nf/lM4JMhROoCraip8CD7ixUvNo7hgaNGa4UmdQRTo7ukETx5ta06pA4WUMIzAqPJLE9oD+qxVQG7+gc9EiqHU+jIpSoDt0IlcqzrUObaLVqP/+KZ0boXT+R13xU6yP1UWpuQIaOeBwEZvdXKnQLNJj9nqcCTE0U9GsniMqNbfIhcyH6AFr1JhWq7uzcIDxXRyLFqACt3THCiO4d8KbouLOb/8Z0qKWH8iAx8nTtZwOYUB1i1LLlTRNeKwFTVs15LWoaWYEvahtl7fRoZwXT5hd3SmXN9dsc6aKq19gb8luCqFwqK3zpZ3yNlTsfCcws7ZZ3l6Dj+AA84LORZusaNqa9bOZorZZLpfXl4We2Ej599ffhjHE6nFTISpOH3nLi5FFCyp+hXT+HsJEq4/Ef5e/yTnJ0f+WVPwpZKNcNq1yKwhhUcvndRZJb4zc6H8cc8omEgz82oYIRM5PX8udaPXpvp8pqbVckLjmn6r4ZYFds9YBgq1A7kSrl01G/XU6B2Ut+asqfonsVQ+dQwWR8uu3X0sbtjH9J3KSa65JLspZ8V9V/KnkJ2kTrV77muXvxAkpXaqq4k8rslKIjTbbkWoiIZ3Kz6riTy+//lXGyM23PrKmudEVtEs1XinkFdKRMRp+rPmOVJOAXar/jNmyHArp/P79nwPaoiAdqSangxjVCIbfKlrPrwH9u8eBov4GzRtVVfFnhkBt5g+BOlJNmjaqquLPEEHikKNyTGqzRlVV/Bnjl2YfODT8pZjU5oyqqvgzSJOVaIAR1Hb8G1VV8WcSsE/+J1qBSZXQ8Gf4Naqq4s8sTUy0kmhS0aj66P1XFX+m8buopUyTikb1B8+9/6rizzi/fedropVUk9rW1uvVqKqKX4ETrTyLQK5J9TykSlX8udx80ZydHw5zRXEiYSz5+z2vE60km1QcUuXBqP4j/hX/vJhgJwwwu4WEmSN1viemY9mLu1S9TrR6I9mkejKqoebXkIVlpn8IzB1VpWQ5c/+eM4d4Bbf0bfHB06KW00OyTWpjoxp2ziJJhKzU/F71aK5cPQo8c9T9e+5Uq8XNcJeiksT/NJ5o9Uq6SW1oVP3GJlpFyEpdx+zRMxXbylJN4Po9wbtYz+UPqoetykvhg1+/bbCo5fSIfJOKRtU98X+sK354tmZusnCVCqVjjqolIZ2P5erecfue4F3swluwcBSDyake+Kn+uuKvyA3pJpVOU3WZ+x/zil+rCis9hKvU3eoBzcyzYV7EcnXvuH3PrWqF7l7lS6nFnnoTrT79KfjsKScukIf8ClbiXvE3p9QZbU1K/SpZqcnj17+6Lmr5POAcfzfaB5yyVMW/xd+cUqHRYl8foikyr1S6qKVj8PLDncHjXFuS6a4dqJKEFr+jUgtLS6IQZsWqdA5rcCFXZW5uaaUmF9+CpXk/p0f7C8XltaJYWGOlzrKSFpZLwmosLt8TqLnCLLv2Qsl+ZHxwXspJ0pwUJ27YZ1THv8WP6ct18PEyBRRpdvSKkSAVmkAVvkmzTa9SpbK0pTO4yjmwY+l6gnL5wv0I+KXYbCqs0HKBDSZs+9WdWKDGu4Q5gKtHPCG72/esvQI9f0c/XzgyXjgtj/eWDPhaH90PtkhVEkL9YgpnlBpVANg5Rpk/boc10/Z5/F5IrCsm2MGuKHMhikNqgMU01YfUvtmv7gR8o808zzAM8ud20fl71l6BHlk2z9ePjB0/fmWbaBVOhErnihCpSkaov1Qug/KOygDNTo4K2AXjs7lOE5dzG1SrVFyEH2tlXHmiuruhbYNgzRXOwdLCbsM7wEJBiGhBt7RSScMk7DSjuv3qTsDJ2/iN4BqYn5oFD1y+Z+0V6JG78EbYjowf9olWrwLn96mHEKlKSqjfwU8FjVHRgvj4kjk1Ss1DlY/1OS4EyZZBKWgWpaK5NNbe+cJS8W9UNBYuwLP1JQAb+qnsG9FqPw/a5D2xzt/T6QrOR8aRX775xqyDP91tZuFJ7/TwSFUi+vg5tUrlxhDXiGIr79iVeoBVPppUPERvOs3ry5dR8BS9+gc5o09bYOYQQIvMfQVvSuWZ/HGpKvY+OH9Ppys4HxlPfjSHMIUVodJhkaqE9PFzapSq19qYMJetnGtXKlCmLSDY3qU7a8iDVPgCfVimrb2EdplteVKq4UfA0cyhdf6eAsYVGh4ZJ4xhoR/I4DGuqZA4g5GqvySl4qfUKNUI5oAtZE/brlRalwL45N1sFNS/dElzWvlbHAPAjHF5UqrxjXD5SSo15+8pYFyh4ZHx4meWbeVReBEqnevBc/9FjLtS9/SnXeOn8k1chM8SNxUwV+0DediX5m1WqbgaEfUEnL+ngLNSnY6MI29DGENl5wS5LylLdVS4K9V42m5Kta1rbgEbW7T6F4ssrGyWy9iEb1apaNDxf+fvCdRcwfXIGDM9Qs5yPYXIZTLGr5cQAigVTjX324FKn1b/8D8f1zS7xSRE4Yrxr1RamIv+HK6QRKU+DzVCpdMxQF7zCyaDgEo1mtt2cHl+qP7RtrJWDLbcq4fldU3TdNPYjFLpcAPn7+l0hQQq9T0ZDLROilfOkLuep1THAY9KNUZOgQbE2l/ojLcBB+5Qf/WIqXkXtnhsylSMT6XCH9Tndf6eTldInlKnR8kFrqWQuSpx6Z8I8KBUiz8qKBXNplsvKC0YNLqp9xbh2jt6oKBZpRplOH5PxyskT6njpC/05hSj8xZ5wy+aBDAczjfdnivu1RU5WzGVin2m7nPrMKRUysPhTD3Y8aq7CqZiLFd3Qrx2bg3+oMEGx+/peIXEKXXqTtAFfbxzlgx95pdNAFi1G12Mzs9VUGQBu9R1pWLUx5jMnDdHpHCgMt6Byp/3qqIm+XXQn+SKsVwdhwcKf1DwG1X0jgO4HpvL4vg9Ha+QOKU+JJe4jiKgt86cqtiBj1KvM92eKyqS7p6FLUGpaMX4SLyF/SP6vwAo52jHKMMMsM6i2vley9XRFzi0NdHwAD62gI5AMftIa76n4xVcflFsCWM6qjvHB8kkv3D8wS7yylKx+AWfp8tzxUF8ldLc/CrU5YKfSiVc3V8rFks4ro7vM0BTDPC6u0CvAypawVEDesmWq+MVzcszqFLh8OJsCQcJ8hEmjt/T8QoJU+rH++GOTLFzngw3v0xF1GzgYwVQUS7PNY82iqGB3TOVKo4I5cPsBOj4UxxGRcGKngq9WoFL6ooRr+6mVM2Ikh5wP8D5ezpdIWFKfUSucA1FhK88lS2mQAXF4k1uz7XAxyIfLmINbSrVOLla0eweJlcOHwcFrFFTV63uzsJljJKFq+MV7T4E/UZF/kLs6k6xy/d0uILbL4onE9IypXvlxB/Je37xBLCyUS5vUqNW0LRVQ3GLmmb26he17fI2eoFzmmaJoRZXv8DZJZt7yVjRtDXhg5m1zfL2GlwILmOWbF4dewnssQSmtMJKuby1Zja33L5n7RXcf1EM+fQn0s0VFBkXyGhy6v+4AE2witHDwLHYxLTzhFzj+omO9j4yzi+fFgpfypvuPVJe2ShvuZk1NKm8i8kkS0p9K2nhKX90kTsJqv+9gCGpwDn0cKBgbdOLAReoTViZIaVC3R/BEKpaLiap/e8FbB8FVioKz02pe7V1f6aUOkZ6uXaiBer/BMX/PTBbqVYCt0cwL6VLxkgwqTV1f5aU+orcDHlGihvHbyeq/7/lzBad3oPMKPXDHXKGKydyzpEHCRv/H0PmyuXYppOQyfQIucx10wKuJW38v6JlPCf9Efb32+n8Q+pCVYpweEduRzbWz4lT5H7KQlWKUPg0RHq4ZlpE6kJVilB41KIAlUnqQlWKMGhdgMrk+G2nTNUKhcBUCwNUJufIg0RNVVVETmsDVCYqVKWoT2sDVCadfyCv+FdSKGqZbHGAyuRU6kZVKSTy6U+tDlCZ9JBh5aoqnJl+GHJOX1/0KldV4QI4qaEtkeKfjv4ETQBURMkECWt5tOY4meCoatGyDlkgJBaVEj7ciX6KX326yf0p/uVixryQsMeJrUYpzkykFdWooNTweTj8LOl+uUxG4pmrqsFIZUwq6XWgv7SiMjN6+hG5HotIqkj79ZjmqqyvCpwuylaA8oC0orKi1PHI81B44diteK5VUV8VQlqexkgrKiNKfUtIF1dHrOgisUyrVlcV4DDu1ybxcUNaUdlQ6se7Ya6MGoQecjeG06rqqmLbWFLXC9KKyoRSp0fiFPK3cpU8jN+waomqkFZUJpT6JLIk6f7p6I9hq0optTWMxyzkb+X4rfj1VemqmC+tFWtimAullaIomVmakg92LzkJSS+qsOTwsb0ooFBcXnPsC/BbUC43t7RSTNRc6wlCTnNVxJJTt2M3ApCpYpGl8t0Sn7ZGM6VDQ8hI4L9AE0eVMJVutSIkUeWwoor0NOvHtUXlCit8X3WjRmK+CsrlZnCNdGCHvUdJ4N2duLamdLpJ3LpVURVzmECfsmeY1VlcTJ/zhTfa4dhynuf8hU27wqjANPah+LFTUWIy60O7ifRTELw5PL0v4JAtKJZ8uBu/vik7PXGbV42qAENV2dC2MUf5ga4kfPz7W5pGFyHlS6PDsbs7cOzmehl2Vu1WFYsCLdk/diwK340trVTS0JjbU6r5KYimIKzuwteHT+1rXseUT8PxbfabXCFDsYpVoSp4tZ9Hk8W7kcxNug4JS3rGjqVrphdBF3x1CAOXjx2L2qhozHznseq2pWX1UxB2fbGlVQpaQpQ6PRrDTtRa2nvjNQKAqoJbrRl46my9JzRUelWKS1CxoD09lnc04eJP5vI8FOePnYsqGFU6rp5iq7X9FISf66MJ5m1fKKY8Iv0x7EStpaOPjMUorIqqMHo50Tek9gn8AdM+GWIRjy3ANlu518D5Y+eiBCzLBlH8FARn635AQnhGbsY4PiVybIA84V86BqAqjBYNLiCJskB5mKNJcJ2n2nV1wf46CKzmY5eiBGoXNPFREO5NhiXVeUkGY9nb78SJwRglVrOoAtd6xlV5cOleYYAeWLPatcphZz2B6R+7FCXQQKn1C5q37o0/b0kcslB45RQhE/yLtxyrUqEuRVng4tNCNwBoqYz/W45tIDD9Y5eigMLKZpm24oMUZFkmOwG8v0POcxUkgrPkzjv+1VtNjVLx+a9XLSuYbfLB+s0o1aWo3OwWEyml+YLQs2Y7EsHHu1Gu3yuDC+TuB/7lW0yNUrFOxdXJeWgI2eGLmjSjVJeicLHo6mF5XdM0bscFfBSESjXCCLHn83ALFpwKyBXyIB4Tq6xKhT+wnWKrU3XnshmluhS1CxaSh5wCFYR7gy+SFRGfR8mNBARSrbRfI8Ox6AGwqGIW/sCWNLZehJ71ilPb36PAnIvSL4QEKgj3JqW7H4Uao7n9XomLVFEVxqPGGhZb0hj72WK7AAy5U400o1TnovB/vdIOVBCuzB54kaxomH5E+lueJbUZ2m/EIgkQqqKiD72DKpX1UWHlbDS0QStsbzNKdS4KA/fc6USPtfmC8Csbe/Pc5s6ZSwHHh8QKta2t4wYZbX2/KqqCd5zTYSMsuI5hyn0mlvwX2Db7/X0r1bGoRdhgtT/twm++IGpct5l5XthnwQFoZR3SPfmdaoW6LbmNCrfHpQNhvFikPEpM11QtsZAqqAJcvupmcbaEK+3ro0FwbN+BVszPr4BSuPlqTqmORWEXUwWkNruCFw9QEDWq1f21YrGEH9M9+Ck9Hcs5pLtggzW88DNbJ3A0PCU3T/DnnkCO9bd+bXV4mmVcEZVhLDc5g49UZ4e7lM0p1bEodkkMVVVqp1f7Kcgy0pUNH8TDDKUyM4sf0p+GnzEzGy1PyWCChUql+qjFUkWl5hb5094z9AGtKz0yr0eTmlWqY1G5NWpMq9XdWTgtSEG5AtYFSEVjFQKcwfSJwxjY8BX4fUdU2jjGUIggRMULMniKP/OEcuxmq6Va0DRwUvOlnfI2VKx8J2V2dadc3lwT5ifBsavGIYuaZutwd/+4tiiwkGub5e01uDacFqggUPbqF9hb4jtxxCoPByxoK0zxc6trrNU4U9JaUPmPk9sJF2pb24lb5BH/OQo5rIJ1bU2jyY1xEreMfs0AUlUrVvnhS3nHZoKtoEkVfIMYMJEKoba1dQ0qqfoAe7fs864sLPGRBbEBhBrzeaheOTVInsQvt0pcwe7Tukrdi1nd/5LEZ8WJoJwCX1VJ1Sv71cN6lTuY1FjV/eCjJmpAan2wWaWkKofZYl0vNmqep8RH1TlxMw4dqwrpPCW3UyVU1lulpJo2pp8mPuBfC0o1htlVFQGYfkRupU6obW2dN2IytFohCRBqkgeluNOhpJoqPo+SgVQKFaTaSx7EZBqgIjAg1KQOnG5M+7XYzFhVBOTjCOlLrVBBqlfJ3bjkAVAEYWo4kZP7fHCZ3IlNdhVF00zeJdfTLVRMWUFe8J+rSCoTd8jVxM3r9003UeNVEs5LEv/c6DI4dYuMqe6q5DL9NDWj/BpxYoCMqMBqUvn8iAzGev0emRy7oQKrSeXjaEo7ppzp6CX3Y7YYkMITH4ZSHUatpf0yid0Sa4rGvLuT/uiUnR5CnvGfr0gKrwm5kv7olJ3u2+SxilYliucZiU7ZOXWLPIxBLkCFR6afEHKWP7uMcaKfDE3y26CIO1Mj5GZmolN2OnpVuyopvL1L+hKbdFIC0K5SXatJYBzaUllr9Fs5fYuMxGPlCoU7n8cy04HqzvEb5K7qBIg3H4bJwEn+vDJM+xUSo7UrFbVM3CHXE7G2dOicu60GV8WX6WeEXMxeuN+ZkwNkWI1YiSefHpLBBK3YGzadvWrSSjyZ/BPpy9DQKQ9cJOSR8gDixvQLQq5mOzhVy5lbZEhNW40XUyOpyjgpi2PXCXmhegFixKs7pE8Fp5w4T1QvQHz49IiQy6rmd+ZkH7n/kt8oRWt594DcVG1+VzouQ8NKjQRsPRhE7VXR/npAw+qBali1mvcj5LZqSjWgs5eQp6ph1VJeqqaUJ87fJiPv+T1TRM+nh4RcUt2nXoCG1R3VsGoVb++SmylMiR4O7ZcIeajiVa0AY1PXVFPKO6cGVDdAK5gAg5qyVXvCpuMCUd5q1EyBh6oMqm/AWyVP1aCVCIEm/0BmZ58Gof38bTVoJTrej6je06Y5fp2Qx6rLKgpwfF9fF7/vCv+cvUXuqiHW4fNumJALKoYahM5rhIypgFW4fH5KyHU1sj8oZwbInZcqYBUib/5EBlUvvwRwgNWwSgkQFu8xNJXlPD4yOQktqzE1eTUMPj0hpF+FpuQBLgB5pqIAspkev0NunlctKZm09wySu8pdlcubIUIuqT4p2XReUe6qVNBB7VUt/jBQ7qpElIMaKspdlYRyUMOGuqvPlVaDMf3qT8pBDR10V++/UGOsmmf6FTSklIMaAV29hDwYV1ptEtTpDeWgRoPSatNMDBPSp3QaHajVoVcqvOoT1Gm/mn0SLadvKK365O2I0mlLoFp9zZ+CohFvRwkZUDptDajVYTXQ2gvvUKfnVAC1ZXT3g1ZfKx+gAW+UTlsPavXBC9UX4M70K2hHKZ3GgNO9hNx5qmawOPPpxV1C+rqVTmPBiSuEkEdqWetapp7CnelV8dP4cOziICGjqnFl5d0j0Oll1W8aLzrOD0Dj6pXquDKYgGbUzYvH+P1RxIjuPmxcfeQPKtt8xu79gXMqJ0pMOXUNHdY3/Glll/dP7xByQ4X548yJy+CwDmXasH56OQLv6xWVrTfudJwFJyC7hvXdE/j1/efVMOlEcPzSTfBYn2UvxPrp5bAyp8mivfs6PLKHE5nqZ32rzGkioYb17rOs5LX+8AIa+8qcJhNmWIeepb/z6sNzrPX7zqqgVGI5fmkg9WJlMr15Wa11lnC6Ui3WqXEmU9W1nwrSKtapcYycKpmmivSJVck0tXCxPn2TglEs754rmaYaJlby8GWS87BNvXr8g5Jp+jlxHkNXSTWt02+fYQuK3LigWvoZoOPM5USa1qlXODKa3LzSrbqhsoNhWieSMezqkzKm2aX99KV+qtbHr+Ld5Tr1+ilV6cBlZUwzy/FzV6kjQMbG38VyNMvky0cP8PvdvHZezYfKOse7L+GIVkJGn72Jkyvw+e2Lh/R79V85q1SqYHScutBLVTH0ZHyy9XL9PPnyKQZMCbl+8Yyq8RU2Tp7nrsAPY89ft6oz6/3E+BiO3yNksLenSyWUULhw/ExPL21nETLyaPxtlNMGPk2OPxlll77Ze6FbVfiKhrR3nbvEnAFoaj0dnwjZH/g0+Wb82Rj2OwHXL/d0qfpe4Ydjp3qusqYWMByCYplCmT8K9Pf2nFGGVNEsXad7Lvbe4GJiigXJTjbfu/VxcvLtuKhQ0td7qeeMckkVUuiwKRYZGxt7TmXLcPJpQZaMN+PjL+B4XsUzmEJVVa8IA1RsT8+13l4WJfDPzd7e3gs9SqGKCOns6uoC2V4F7SE8ZGBhgH/WC8ed7upS6cyapa3t/wKCy/VN1WTSmAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
b. Tác hại của ô nhiễm môi trường nước
- Ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe con người.
- Ảnh hưởng đến sự sinh trưởng của động, thực vật.
3. Ô nhiễm môi trường đất
Là tất cả quá trình làm nhiễm bẩn đất, thay đổi lý tính, hóa tính tự nhiên và mất cân bằng hệ sinh thái đất.
![undefined](https://hoc24.vn/images/discuss/1647258552_622f2bb8506ce.jpg)
a. Nguồn ô nhiễm
Nguồn gốc tự nhiên: hoạt động núi lửa, lũ lụt, ngập úng, ngập mặn do thủy triều.
Nguồn gốc do con người:
- Chất thải sinh hoạt.
- Chất thải do sản xuất công nghiệp, sản xuất hàng hóa,...
- Chất thải nông nghiệp: phân bón, chất bảo vệ thực vật,...
- Chất thải do phòng nghiên cứu, bệnh viện, chợ,...
b. Tác hại của ô nhiễm
- Gây ra tổn hại trong đời sống và sản xuất.
- Ô nhiễm đất do kim loại nặng: gây độc hại đến cho con người và sinh vật.
II. Hóa học với vấn đề phòng chống ô nhiễm môi trường
1. Nhận biết môi trường bị ô nhiễm
- Quan sát: nhận biết ô nhiễm qua màu, mùi, trạng thái.
- Xác định bằng các thuốc thử nồng độ các ion \(Hg^{2+},Pb^{2+},...\)
- Xác định bằng các dụng cụ đo: máy sắc ký, khí kế đo hàm lượng thành phần khói, bụi,...
![undefined](https://hoc24.vn/images/discuss/1647259471_622f2f4f61179.jpg)
2. Vai trò của hóa học trong việc xử lý chất gây ô nhiễm môi trường
![undefined](https://hoc24.vn/images/discuss/1647260808_622f348839889.jpg)
@1981693@@1981747@
Trong quá trình học tập, nếu có bất kỳ thắc mắc nào, các em hãy để lại câu hỏi ở mục hỏi đáp để cùng thảo luận và trả lời nhé. Chúc các em học tốt!