I. FLO
1. Tính chất vật lý, trạng thái tự nhiên
- Ở điều kiện thường, flo là chất khí, màu lục nhạt, rất độc.
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/giphy%20(4).gif)
- Trong tự nhiên, flo chỉ tồn tại ở dạng hợp chất, chủ yếu trong các khoáng dạng muối như CaF2 hoặc Na3AlF6 (criolit).
- Flo cũng có trong hợp chất tạo lên men răng của người và động vật, trong lá của một số loài cây.
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-17%20212405.png)
@94080@
2. Tính chất hóa học
Flo là nguyên tố có độ âm điện lớn nhất, do đó là phi kim có tính oxi hóa mạnh nhất.
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-16%20221558.png)
Tính oxi hóa mãnh liệt của flo được thể hiện ở các phản ứng sau:
- Khí flo oxi được tất cả các kim loại tạo ra muối florua.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- Khí flo oxi hóa được hầu hết các phi kim trừ O2 và N2. Phản ứng được với hidro ngay cả trong bóng tối và nhiệt độ rất thấp, gây nổ mạnh, tạo thành hidro florua.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Hidro florua (HF) tan nhiều trong nước tạo thành dung dịch axit flohiđric. Axit flohiđric là axit yếu nhưng có thể ăn mòn các đồ vật bằng thủy tinh. Dựa vào tính chất này, axit HF được dùng để khắc chữ lên thủy tinh.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- Khí flo còn oxi hóa nước dễ dàng ở nhiệt độ thường, hơi nước nóng bốc cháy khi tiếp xúc với khí flo.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
@94087@@94127@
3. Ứng dụng
Điều chế các hidrocacbon chứa flo để sản xuất chất chất dẻo như floroten để bảo vệ chi tiết, vật thể bằng kim loại, gốm, sứ, thủy tinh... không bị ăn mòn. | Teflon dùng để chế tạo các vòng đệm làm kín chân không, phủ lên xoong, chảo để chống dính. | CFC là chất sinh hàn có trong các thiết bị làm lạnh như điều hòa, tủ lạnh nhưng đã bị cấm sử dụng do có khí thải làm thủng tầng ozon. | Dung dịch NaF loãng dùng làm thuốc chống sâu răng. |
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-16%20223800.png)
| ![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-16%20223814.png)
| ![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-16%20223829.png)
| ![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-16%20223842.png)
|
4. Sản xuất flo trong công nghiệp
- Flo là chất có tính oxi hóa mạnh nhất nên không có chất nào có thể oxi hóa F- thành F2.
- Phương pháp duy nhất để sản xuất flo trong công nghiệp là điện phân hỗn hợp KF và HF với cực dương bằng than chì và cực âm bằng thép đặc biệt hoặc đồng. Khi đó, khí H2 thoát ra ở cực âm còn khí F2 thoát ra ở cực dương.
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-17%20211716.png)
II. BROM
1. Tính chất vật lý, trạng thái tự nhiên
- Ở điều kiện thường, brom là chất lỏng, màu nâu đỏ, dễ bay hơi, hơi brom độc.
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/giphy%20(5).gif)
- Gây bỏng nặng khi dây vào da.
- Brom tan trong nước nhưng tan tốt hơn trong các dung môi hữu cơ như etanol, benzen, xăng... Dung dịch của brom trong nước gọi là nước brom.
- Trong tự nhiên chủ yếu tồn tại ở dạng hợp chất những số lượng ít hơn nhiều so với hợp chất Clo và Flo, trong nước biển có một lượng nhỏ muối natri bromua.
@94128@
2. Tính chất hóa học
- Brom có tính oxi hóa yếu hơn clo và flo, nhưng vẫn là chất oxi hóa mạnh.
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-17%20213000.png)
- Oxi hóa được nhiều kim loại.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- Brom chỉ oxi hóa được hidro ở nhiệt độ cao, tạo khí hidro bromua.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Hidro bromua tan trong nước tạo thành dung dịch axit bromhiđric, là axit mạnh, mạnh hơn axit clohidric HCl.
- Brom tác dụng rất chậm với nước tạo thành hỗn hợp sản phẩm là axit bromhiđric HBr và axit hipobromơ HBrO. Phản ứng xảy ra thuận nghịch.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Tương tự clo, brom vừa thể hiện tính khử, vừa thể hiện tính oxi hóa khi tác dụng với nước.
@94129@
3. Ứng dụng
4. Sản xuất brom trong công nghiệp
Trong công nghiệp, brom được sản xuất từ nước biển. Nước biển có chứa NaCl và NaBr, sau khi đã tách NaCl ra khỏi nước biển, dùng khí clo để oxi hóa NaBr để sản xuất Br2.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
III. IOT
1. Tính chất vật lý và trạng thái tự nhiên
- Ở điều kiện thường, iot là chất rắn, dạng tinh thể màu đen tím.
- Khi đun nóng, iot rắn không nóng chảy thành dạng lỏng mà chuyển luôn sang dạng hơi. Hiện tượng này gọi là sự thăng hoa của iot.
- Iot ít tan trong nước và tan nhiều trong các dung môi hữu cơ như etanol, benzen, xăng... giống brom. Vì thế người ta thường dùng xăng hoặc benzen để chiết iot, brom ra khỏi nước.
- Trong tự nhiên, iot chủ yếu tồn tại dưới dạng hợp chất là muối iotua, muối này hiếm hơn muối bromua, chỉ chiếm một lượng nhỏ trong nước biển.
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-17%20223143.png)
@94130@@94131@
2. Tính chất hóa học
Iot có bán kính nguyên tử lớn hơn so với flo, clo, brom và độ âm điện nhỏ hơn, vì vậy iot có tính oxi hóa yếu hơn flo, clo, brom.
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-17%20211746.png)
Các phản ứng của iot hầu hết chỉ xảy ra được khi đun nóng hoặc có mặt chất xúc tác.
- Iot oxi hóa được nhiều kim loại khi đun nóng hoặc có mặt chất xúc tác.
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAX8AAAA5CAYAAADeMiuiAAANvklEQVR4Ae2cMa7VPBCFKSmho0RiC+yBJbAGOmoaaipaOkpKKlbABtgAoqRBoqS8v74nnV/zRnbsJM69ecmxFCWxnfHM8czxxLnvPbq4GAEjYASMwOkQeHQ6i22wETACRsAIXEz+dgIjYASMwAkRMPmfcNJtshEwAkbA5G8fMAJGwAicEAGT/wkn3SYbASNgBEz+9gEjYASMwAkRMPmfcNJtshEwAkZgKPn//Pnz8ubNm8vLly8vT58+vbx69ery4cOHy58/f4z0BgiAK/iC86NHj+7O4M88uBgBI3A7BLaMze/fv9/FO+c1ZRj5//jx447wISHIH0J68eLFnZLcu4xFAOcCV/AGZ/DWPQuvF4CxeFuaEehFoBWbcOWa8vr1632Rv7LPL1++3LNLipKhuoxDADwhfjL9WD59+nRXz3y4GAEjcH0EarEJNyo5nqsVC8a3b9/+f8tHzi4yfxSrGUUGShvZqcs4BMjuwZUsIxe9cTn7z8j43ghsjwDxR3yWimKz1Far02JCvMdjF+SvbLOW3Ws7omac6+choMW2lt2/e/fuzknWOsc8rdzbCJwDAeIu73BEyyHoWmwu4UKSOGJZB2/7jLE2vofs+Wtl4rWkVABihLIl2WesY9LBE5IvFc1HbTEuPeM6I2AE+hAg9pbEFvzIs7WFoW/0y93YI/h0KPnXViJnor3T2tdP5F9zQDlZrb1vFPcyAkaghMAc8idWiUNl62T+pa3a0ji1OuTthvxb5D5K2RoYZ6tvkXtrcTgbXrbXCIxEYA75i/t4hoMfwKz9tY9k1pLtXluvkvmPUrbXqKP3a5F7q/3o+LTs0x7qtT+IE/TMzdrMr2XfyHZ0vjZOI/XfQtYc8o/j69to/Ck23w7YBspHbUsXeaP49Crk7z3/6ALrr1vkLufg7HIfAYiXX1yMeP2+L3n6DgIl6PNPc6efarcSW1MfHyER+swp+JdiVhmrdH9IC9ccm2t9FUvCYepckxHrJU/krvssd2rO9AzztKYMJX+UKhU5kjOIEjrz60T+NQeRc0yRwvxRj/EE2GxB/MxFbT5Ajtd9jtEF0qjFHWMp9nrHxWeQyQJJpoqvsc2oPWsWgbXbFr267KEf9oNvPMAHXGOd5gBsuK4Rcyt2e2xGPjrUxuiRQZ8h5C+DSlkNmQIOg7Iu4xBQgJYkKuDXOkdJ9kOvI3C2yF7BnKNUGG+rcfEDZNeKfKHWHusVx7XFEWIjllkYtsAw6rLn6ynMhaEy+2yHvtetSQR2Rf6R4HNWIEVLC0MGxvf9CCioyc5ikfMRoEcv+Br2ZiLiDZN6vWnSL/sl2JTqkUX2i99ylJ6LuNKfsSBMDq7jM1kesqnLJfeLMnLfeD9FRPSTn8RnatfqK9xK/bRvfea3yinMmUcWSI4SjsJ4DX7iVHxtTRmWjmMMoGC0XhdZ/VRXAmKN4md/FnIAa/AFZxwB3FVHhnH0gs3YH7Mogg8SjtkpAceRS66PmEoG8ulXImzkSQf66dBYNXnIjvJq/abGlS2MCRnUCjLo0yroQ7+IZekZ9ZONpT5Hr2thLnImFrlWbOKTPMv8rymSj9w1pe0VM6RH8sFIDgzGuV3GI8Dky6GENw63JqsYr+W2EhUIWuyUcESfg6hKZJXrwRL84rNKahhnqmRZ9NUCEhOfUua8ZlzmnbdqfKF0oAN9WoVn6deyEznY2iOzNeZDbe/BiXkuxSb4xoV/CQbyeeZsTWl7xQLpcsLo9AvE+JFOBCArMI+k1fnoIbpBRpC2iJVzLCVipj3Way+2tHBCrrU9XI0TZamOIM0BqsxZJLt2XIio55BOtTN69pAaz2MrfV3aCOw5Nj2D7flzj50jQJIB+UNIpW2LEjFjUqxXNrU0K4uyMlwQAIsKYygbFPmvHbdF2CWili5xoTP551k7/r3J//hzfHgLIWxtb6wl/6VglcgfcmVR4qCdNwjqImGL/JeOG2WVZGTyRwcwYtyos95IaG8V2dPq5/Z9I2Dy3/f8WLsOBNiSgZC0379k20ckXNqqhLBjllxSKRIp7WT7tTeRSNhrx42yanrRh6I3pPh2Q5tsZgEFx9ieZWrxyhjnfr7fPwJDyB9nyXub+zfdGh4BAe2Zi4wgYQgsfv/IxIzd+GzMYCUHMo5F/VoZcR5D2yg5LvI4+V5j9447l/zzIhbJXzqX3p7QC0zBrLVAyAaf943AYvLHOQkUHAEH0sGeJvW0u9weAbI6ZcaZiG6v3ToNRJAQr4qyW7JYlfhGAAYQLu34anyWa/yYhYR+HBAhdS3seJZYQDYkqcyfesmCeBUvLCbKuNeMi255wZLdnCU71ulaW0C650wdMsEHW6Q7mKA7R1xY47O+Xo4AvgzG4s/lkvqfXET+KIpz4CS1g3b6qeBEtb7Ut4JLch7imaCPeHGdM7BeuwhmkUbrGZwpjns0jMECMsp4YDc+pWy95K8sCJAmMlToJ/KTrxKMkGCr0EfELpladLIsZFIn0l4zbpRT0hFd6BMLfoBfoF+pYIt0lO6ckXVk4r9VnDIfmqc8n/hInIN8XZq/3rr7XtH5lAIEZ88kpsBDSQVfFItjRQNuTUjon8kj6rv2WlhFm3VdwmdqPLDi2VrQlp6FWDTerbEu6XfNOuYZDMBkqtBOvxFEV5KluqyD6keMm2XrXgTX4wvoQb8ezCT/oZ5vHafgpkRNSYGwxC/iIsDCPIKzZpM/iohMIPpSiYqW2rXKYeytC7r0BMISPQk0LZDgRmEsTTI45omeGkcOikzJm+qvNs3XVnZqHJ/3jQCEMdd39m3RGO32EqfixRonKI7nJH9TCM0mf4BCCZyoViAZKVoiHBnJ+dZlS/JHdimLg7j1Ws25pxC4wpRzbeEtydJzpbko9XfdMRGIb+XyCc5nL3uJU/RgPlrkX2ufO4+zZ56BURBFayWSf4n8ZOSUjJrs0fXosAUpQvBTk6RFtDf4yPrRde6iAV6MwbGFnaPnw/KMwDUR2FOcihdrvKE4rrXPxW02+fcMoO2JWlYrIznfuqDDLUgxLpAtDHBQ3rT4XhIXDe57ipzmFnb26Oc++0Tg69evl/fv31/+/v27TwWvoNU141S8WCN3xXGtfS4cQ8mfrYn4C4caOclIk3/53xHkSWSytZBqIcARevGT05j8M7K+n0Lg8+fPd2+MT548Oe0iIPKv/e1DxG9tnIoXa+SuOK61R116roeQv5SWcmSpU0Sj/r3k1WPI0j7oMKXrUrmt57T/2jM2xE/Gr8LkC+vStpr66ay+PWPpGZ+NgMhf/sMi8PHjx8u/f/9OA84141S8WCN3zUOtfe6kbEL+KAlh1chGRl6L/NFDwM09zwW0tz/49NgP6bOYkvGrxI+/bLG1imyuzUfrebefE4FM/vKjZ8+enWYRuGacihdr5C78a+1zvXQI+cdB2eoBMBSFtEqZqYzsIb8oe4trdLg2KYrQIfFW4WehpcnWdxVwjgtDSZ6c5tp2lnQZXceetOzzuf5Hl1tg8/z588uvX79GT+lu5F07TsWLpXgHFM1hrX0ucMPJHwXivnRpr0xGnpH8hU3te0icQL2xlMhdbThEyxnkNEck/4iXr8ciUMv8Hz9+fHn79u3l9+/fYwfckbRbxKl4sRbPiuNa+1z4NiF/lNCHX7L/XGTkGckfm+P+fcYm3uv/ymjSa+cSxlGOnjP5R1R83UIgk/8ZSF+Y3CJOxYs1clcc19qle+95NvlLgRaBoaD6ZmVkJOdcWHEj6XFd2jrKzy29R4drkSJbNT179Niiff0p3ZgDYTw1H+ozJWspfn7uuAiI/M9E+szmreJUvFgjd8VxrV0JN/16/gp4NvlrP78lfCn5A7xIijN73mS2pa2PEWF3LfIHj17ilwOWFsdsM9gw2VP/KkNOI1yzDN8bgRICJBRH397Jdt8yTteQP3orvpUUUjdVZpM/BAaZTBEyRK1FYs6eP8rnLJ86xpvz7wymDM5t1yB/JmMO8YMfNmsys87xnglukXurPcrztRE4KwK3jtOl5M8uQeYKZJW4N87tbPKHnEUmZJv5FyvcU68+WSkGVzsK9hRktVaxHjmlPkx4tqHUb2kdek8RP/jkSeKtisWzp6C7sK7hqfbSXPSM4T5G4OgI7CFOp8hfCWEvF8IfrR+VzCZ/nECvFSIVlOYQqauefrlAQGrn3FJQRuc3gix3j/d6S4r2lq61sGGr/qiEN6sess5zwZhxMQNfjTm1CO0RP+tkBK6BwB7ilJiNW7hwQSxwhOIYYq/xIZwBF5e4N8rjehH586AGkULxzOCZuLiPffJ17i9FMQJ5D63Ejy/Z1nwvssbO3DZle6m/np+anxrWDw1j62sE1iKwhziNxK745Ux9rU39ov2xL9wgXol94vVi8pcQVijIREdesdRvyRlZpa2lJbL8jBEwAkbg6AjAmVoE4M6pspr8p4SvbeN1rPZ6s1a2nzcCRsAIHBUBLQBT/Llb8kf5nn2ro06e7TICRsAILEWAnRi2hh4c+UP6mfjzh8yloPg5I2AEjMDREeCHHq1fDO4u89frij5o6Nwy5OiTafuMgBEwAiUE+IUgvxRSwky2v9lPPUsKjKib+vJOm4sRMAJGwAjcR0BkT6LMItD7L3F2l/nfN8t3RsAIGAEjsAUCJv8tULVMI2AEjMDOETD573yCrJ4RMAJGYAsETP5boGqZRsAIGIGdI/Af79e5P9nC5bIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
- Iot chỉ oxi hóa được hidro ở nhiệt độ cao và có mặt chất xúc tác tạo thành hidro iotua, phản ứng diễn ra thuận nghịch.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- Khí hidro iotua tan nhiều trong nước tạo thành dung dịch axit axit iothiđric, là axit mạnh hơn và dễ bị oxi hóa hơn axit bromhiđric và axit clohiđric.
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/giphy%20(7).gif)
- Iot hầu như không tác dụng với nước.
- Vì có tính oxi hóa yếu hơn clo và brom nên clo và brom có thể oxi hóa muối iotua thành iot.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/giphy%20(6).gif)
- Iot phản ứng với hồ tinh bột tạo thành hợp chất có màu xanh. Vì vậy, người ta thường dùng iot để nhận biết hồ tinh bột và ngược lại.
@94132@
3. Ứng dụng
Phần lớn iot được dùng làm dược phẩm. Dung dịch 5% iot trong etanol (cồn iot) dùng làm thuốc sát trùng vết thương. | Chất tẩy rửa khi trộn thêm iot sẽ tẩy sạch các vết bẩn bám trên trên các thiết bị trong nhà máy chế biến bơ, sữa. | Muối iot dùng để phòng bệnh bướu cổ do thiếu iot. |
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-17%20143310.png)
| ![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-17%20143326.png)
| ![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-17%20143342.png)
|
4. Sản xuất iot trong công nghiệp
Trong công nghiệp, người ta sản xuất iot từ dong biển.
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/Screenshot%202021-02-17%20143353.png)
![](https://hoc24.vn/source/H%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%2010/giphy%20(9).gif)
Trong quá trình học tập, nếu có bất kỳ thắc mắc nào, các em hãy để lại câu hỏi ở mục hỏi đáp để cùng thảo luận và trả lời nhé. Chúc các em học tốt