PART 3: READING 1. Fill in the blank with a word/ phrase in the box. Traffic congestion in many (1) around the world is severe. One possible solution to this (2) is to impose heavy taxes on car drivers and use this money to make public transport better. One of the first benefits of such a measure is that the heavy taxes would (3) car owners from using their cars because it would become very (4) to drive. This would mean that they would begin to make use of public (5) instead, thus reducing traffic problems and (6) as well. Another benefit would be that much more use would be made of public transport if it was improved. It is often the case that public transport in cities is very poor. For (7) , we often see old buses and (8) that people would rather not use. High taxes would generate enough money to make the necessary changes. 2. Read the passage and answer the questions. The first traffic control device appeared near the British House of Parliament at the intersection of George and Bridge Streets. The device was made in response to the desire by a Select Committee to use railway signals on highways. The device had lights and it used arms which extended outwards. It was operated manually by a police officer. The signal was 22 feet high and crowned with a gas light. The light was called semaphore and had arms that would extend horizontally that commanded drivers to "Stop" and then the arms would lower to a 45 degrees angle to tell drivers to proceed with "Caution". At night a red light would command "Stop" and a green light would mean use "Caution". The man behind this new and different invention was John Peake Knight a railroad engineer. The main reason for the traffic light was that there was an overflow of horse-drawn traffic over Westminster Bridge which forced thousands of pedestrians to walk next to the house of Parliament. But Knight's invention was not to last long. After only a month of use the device exploded and injured the police officer who was operating the light. In the first two decades of the 20th century semaphore traffic signals, like the one in London, were in use all over the United States with each state having its own design of the device. One good example was from Toledo, Ohio in 1908. The words "Stop" and "Go" were in white on a green background and the lights had red and green lenses illuminated by kerosene lamps for night travelers and the arms where eight feet above ground. Controlled by a traffic officer who would blow a whistle before changing the commands on this signal to help alert travelers of the change, the design was also used in Philadelphia and Detroit. The example in Ohio was the first time America tried to use a more visible form of traffic control that evolved the use of semaphore. The device that was used in Ohio was designed based on the use of railroad signals. 1. What was the main purpose of making the first traffic control device? 2. What was the light operated manually by a police officer called? 3. Why wasn't John Peake Knight's invention to last long? 4. How tall were the arms of the traffic lights used in Ohio in 1908? 5. The Westminster Bridge is in . A. America B. England C. Brazil D. Canada

2.  Turn these sentences into active voice.

     1. The Imperial Academy was constructed under Emperor Ly Thanh Tong.

     ..................................................................................................................

     2. The Temple of Literature was found in 1070.

     ..................................................................................................................

     3. Khue Van pavilion is regarded as the symbol of Ha Noi.

     ..................................................................................................................

     4. Lots of souvenirs inside the Temple of Literature are sold.

     ..................................................................................................................

     5. The Temple of Literature is considered as one of the most important cultural and historic places/ in Viet Nam.

     ..................................................................................................................

     6. Many precious relics are displayed in the Temple of Literature.

     ..................................................................................................................

     7. The Temple of Literature is located in the centre of Ha Noi about 2 kilometres west of Hoan Kiem Lake.

     ..................................................................................................................

     8. The Imperial Academy was used to educate young men for the country.

     ..................................................................................................................

     9. Students at The Imperial Academy are selected from local examinations.

     ..................................................................................................................

     10. In 2010, the 82 Doctors' stone tablets were recognized as a memory of the World.

     ..................................................................................................................

     11. The first Doctors' stone tablets were erected in 1484.

     ..................................................................................................................

     12. The Temple of Literature is surrounded by old trees.

     ..................................................................................................................

     13. Minh Mang tomb was started constructing in 1842 and was complete three years later.

     ..................................................................................................................

     14. Papers at the Royal examinations in the past were passed by the King.

     ..................................................................................................................

     15. Chu Van An was invited to become the principal of the Imperial Academy by Emperor Tran Hien Tong.

     ..................................................................................................................

     16. During that period, 2,323 doctors graduated from The Imperial Academy.

     ..................................................................................................................