Kĩ năng đọc - hiểu

Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm

                                                                                          THE FAMOUS CUP  
               It's only 36 centimeters tall, but to fans throughout the world, it represents the highest achievement in football. Every four years, teams from all over the globe compete to take home the FIFA World Cup Trophy, yet nobody ever does.  

               Do you know why? Nobody ever takes it home because the 18-carat gold trophy is kept under lock and key by FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association). The champions of each World Cup tournament receive only a replica. This is to protect the valuable prize from thieves, who have stolen the World Cup trophy twice in its 75-year history.  

                 The little trophy has certainly had a troubled existence. The original trophy was made by a French sculptor, Abel LaFleur, and was called the "Jules Rimet Cup," in honor of the founder of the World Cup tournament. Sometime during the first three World Cup events (1930, '34 and '38), the name changed to simply the "World Cup." Then during World War II, not much was seen or heard of the trophy. It was being kept hidden in a shoe box under the bed of Dr. Ottorino Barassi, the Italian vice-president of FIFA, to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Nazi army.  

                 Although the trophy made it safely through the war, it didn't fare so well during the turbulent 1960s. In 1966, the Cup was stolen during a public showing of the trophy prior to the World Cup tournament in England. Luckily, it was found a short time later none the worse for wear in a trash container, by a little dog named Pickles.  

                 Four years later, Brazil earned permanent possession of the original trophy by winning its third World Cup title. Unfortunately, the trophy was stolen a second time, in 1983, and was never recovered. The Brazilian Football Association had to have a duplicate trophy made.                  After the first trophy became the possession of Brazil's football association, a new World Cup Trophy for FIFA was designed by an Italian artist, Silvio Gazazniga, in 1974. This trophy cannot be won outright, but remains in the possession of FIFA, and rest assured they are keeping a close eye on it. Today, World Cup winners are awarded a replica of the trophy that is gold-plated, rather than solid gold like the real one.  

               Gazazniga's World Cup trophy weighs almost five kilograms. Its base contains two layers of a semi-precious stone called malachite, and has room for 17 small plaques bearing the names of the winning teams - enough space to honor all the World Cup champions up to the year 2038. After that, a new trophy will have to be made.  

NEW WORDS:  
 - trophy: chiếc cúp (làm giài thưởng)  

- 18-carat gold: vàng 18 ca-ra  

- to be kept under lock and key: được cất giữ cẩn thận  

- FIFA [Federation Internationale de Football Association] :  Liên đoàn Quốc tế Các Hiệp Hội Bóng Đá  

- replica: bản sao  

- troubled (adj): nhiều rắc rối  

- sculptor: nhà điêu khắc  

- founder: người sáng lập  

- vice-president: phó chủ tịch  

- Nazi: Đức Quốc Xã  

- to make it safely through the war: an toàn qua được cuộc chiến tranh  

- to fare well: tiến triển tốt đẹp, ăn nên làm ra  

- turbulent (adj): nhiều biến động  


Question 1: This reading is mainly about……  

  1. the World Cup tournament    
  2.  the World Cup trophy  
  3. thieves      
  4.  World Cup stars

 

 

                                                                                          THE FAMOUS CUP  
               It's only 36 centimeters tall, but to fans throughout the world, it represents the highest achievement in football. Every four years, teams from all over the globe compete to take home the FIFA World Cup Trophy, yet nobody ever does.   

               Do you know why? Nobody ever takes it home because the 18-carat gold trophy is kept under lock and key by FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association). The champions of each World Cup tournament receive only a replica. This is to protect the valuable prize from thieves, who have stolen the World Cup trophy twice in its 75-year history.   

                 The little trophy has certainly had a troubled existence. The original trophy was made by a French sculptor, Abel LaFleur, and was called the "Jules Rimet Cup," in honor of the founder of the World Cup tournament. Sometime during the first three World Cup events (1930, '34 and '38), the name changed to simply the "World Cup." Then during World War II, not much was seen or heard of the trophy. It was being kept hidden in a shoe box under the bed of Dr. Ottorino Barassi, the Italian vice-president of FIFA, to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Nazi army.   

                 Although the trophy made it safely through the war, it didn't fare so well during the turbulent 1960s. In 1966, the Cup was stolen during a public showing of the trophy prior to the World Cup tournament in England. Luckily, it was found a short time later none the worse for wear in a trash container, by a little dog named Pickles.   

                 Four years later, Brazil earned permanent possession of the original trophy by winning its third World Cup title. Unfortunately, the trophy was stolen a second time, in 1983, and was never recovered. The Brazilian Football Association had to have a duplicate trophy made.                  After the first trophy became the possession of Brazil's football association, a new World Cup Trophy for FIFA was designed by an Italian artist, Silvio Gazazniga, in 1974. This trophy cannot be won outright, but remains in the possession of FIFA, and rest assured they are keeping a close eye on it. Today, World Cup winners are awarded a replica of the trophy that is gold-plated, rather than solid gold like the real one.   

               Gazazniga's World Cup trophy weighs almost five kilograms. Its base contains two layers of a semi-precious stone called malachite, and has room for 17 small plaques bearing the names of the winning teams - enough space to honor all the World Cup champions up to the year 2038. After that, a new trophy will have to be made.  

NEW WORDS:  
 - trophy: chiếc cúp (làm giài thưởng)  

- 18-carat gold: vàng 18 ca-ra  

- to be kept under lock and key: được cất giữ cẩn thận  

- FIFA [Federation Internationale de Football Association] :  Liên đoàn Quốc tế Các Hiệp Hội Bóng Đá  

- replica: bản sao  

- troubled (adj): nhiều rắc rối  

- sculptor: nhà điêu khắc  

- founder: người sáng lập  

- vice-president: phó chủ tịch  

- Nazi: Đức Quốc Xã  

- to make it safely through the war: an toàn qua được cuộc chiến tranh  

- to fare well: tiến triển tốt đẹp, ăn nên làm ra  

- turbulent (adj): nhiều biến động  


Question 2. Which question is NOT answered in the reading?   

  1. How much does the World Cup trophy weigh? 
  2. Who made the first trophy?   
  3. Where did the police find the stolen trophy?   
  4. How much money is the trophy worth? 

 

  

                                                                                          THE FAMOUS CUP  
               It's only 36 centimeters tall, but to fans throughout the world, it represents the highest achievement in football. Every four years, teams from all over the globe compete to take home the FIFA World Cup Trophy, yet nobody ever does.   

               Do you know why? Nobody ever takes it home because the 18-carat gold trophy is kept under lock and key by FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association). The champions of each World Cup tournament receive only a replica. This is to protect the valuable prize from thieves, who have stolen the World Cup trophy twice in its 75-year history.   

                 The little trophy has certainly had a troubled existence. The original trophy was made by a French sculptor, Abel LaFleur, and was called the "Jules Rimet Cup," in honor of the founder of the World Cup tournament. Sometime during the first three World Cup events (1930, '34 and '38), the name changed to simply the "World Cup." Then during World War II, not much was seen or heard of the trophy. It was being kept hidden in a shoe box under the bed of Dr. Ottorino Barassi, the Italian vice-president of FIFA, to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Nazi army.   

                 Although the trophy made it safely through the war, it didn't fare so well during the turbulent 1960s. In 1966, the Cup was stolen during a public showing of the trophy prior to the World Cup tournament in England. Luckily, it was found a short time later none the worse for wear in a trash container, by a little dog named Pickles.   

                 Four years later, Brazil earned permanent possession of the original trophy by winning its third World Cup title. Unfortunately, the trophy was stolen a second time, in 1983, and was never recovered. The Brazilian Football Association had to have a duplicate trophy made.                  After the first trophy became the possession of Brazil's football association, a new World Cup Trophy for FIFA was designed by an Italian artist, Silvio Gazazniga, in 1974. This trophy cannot be won outright, but remains in the possession of FIFA, and rest assured they are keeping a close eye on it. Today, World Cup winners are awarded a replica of the trophy that is gold-plated, rather than solid gold like the real one.   

               Gazazniga's World Cup trophy weighs almost five kilograms. Its base contains two layers of a semi-precious stone called malachite, and has room for 17 small plaques bearing the names of the winning teams - enough space to honor all the World Cup champions up to the year 2038. After that, a new trophy will have to be made.  

NEW WORDS:  
 - trophy: chiếc cúp (làm giài thưởng)  

- 18-carat gold: vàng 18 ca-ra  

- to be kept under lock and key: được cất giữ cẩn thận  

- FIFA [Federation Internationale de Football Association] :  Liên đoàn Quốc tế Các Hiệp Hội Bóng Đá  

- replica: bản sao  

- troubled (adj): nhiều rắc rối  

- sculptor: nhà điêu khắc  

- founder: người sáng lập  

- vice-president: phó chủ tịch  

- Nazi: Đức Quốc Xã  

- to make it safely through the war: an toàn qua được cuộc chiến tranh  

- to fare well: tiến triển tốt đẹp, ăn nên làm ra  

- turbulent (adj): nhiều biến động  


Question 3. The first trophy was named the "Jules Rimet Cup" because Rimet…..   

  1. made the trophy      
  2. was a famous player   
  3. scored the final goal in 1930     
  4. came up with the idea of the World Cup 

 

 

  

                                                                                          THE FAMOUS CUP  
               It's only 36 centimeters tall, but to fans throughout the world, it represents the highest achievement in football. Every four years, teams from all over the globe compete to take home the FIFA World Cup Trophy, yet nobody ever does.   

               Do you know why? Nobody ever takes it home because the 18-carat gold trophy is kept under lock and key by FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association). The champions of each World Cup tournament receive only a replica. This is to protect the valuable prize from thieves, who have stolen the World Cup trophy twice in its 75-year history.   

                 The little trophy has certainly had a troubled existence. The original trophy was made by a French sculptor, Abel LaFleur, and was called the "Jules Rimet Cup," in honor of the founder of the World Cup tournament. Sometime during the first three World Cup events (1930, '34 and '38), the name changed to simply the "World Cup." Then during World War II, not much was seen or heard of the trophy. It was being kept hidden in a shoe box under the bed of Dr. Ottorino Barassi, the Italian vice-president of FIFA, to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Nazi army.   

                 Although the trophy made it safely through the war, it didn't fare so well during the turbulent 1960s. In 1966, the Cup was stolen during a public showing of the trophy prior to the World Cup tournament in England. Luckily, it was found a short time later none the worse for wear in a trash container, by a little dog named Pickles.   

                 Four years later, Brazil earned permanent possession of the original trophy by winning its third World Cup title. Unfortunately, the trophy was stolen a second time, in 1983, and was never recovered. The Brazilian Football Association had to have a duplicate trophy made.                  After the first trophy became the possession of Brazil's football association, a new World Cup Trophy for FIFA was designed by an Italian artist, Silvio Gazazniga, in 1974. This trophy cannot be won outright, but remains in the possession of FIFA, and rest assured they are keeping a close eye on it. Today, World Cup winners are awarded a replica of the trophy that is gold-plated, rather than solid gold like the real one.   

               Gazazniga's World Cup trophy weighs almost five kilograms. Its base contains two layers of a semi-precious stone called malachite, and has room for 17 small plaques bearing the names of the winning teams - enough space to honor all the World Cup champions up to the year 2038. After that, a new trophy will have to be made.  

NEW WORDS:  
 - trophy: chiếc cúp (làm giài thưởng)  

- 18-carat gold: vàng 18 ca-ra  

- to be kept under lock and key: được cất giữ cẩn thận  

- FIFA [Federation Internationale de Football Association] :  Liên đoàn Quốc tế Các Hiệp Hội Bóng Đá  

- replica: bản sao  

- troubled (adj): nhiều rắc rối  

- sculptor: nhà điêu khắc  

- founder: người sáng lập  

- vice-president: phó chủ tịch  

- Nazi: Đức Quốc Xã  

- to make it safely through the war: an toàn qua được cuộc chiến tranh  

- to fare well: tiến triển tốt đẹp, ăn nên làm ra  

- turbulent (adj): nhiều biến động  


Question 4. Which is true about Gazazniga's World Cup trophy?   

  1. It is made of gold and silver.    
  2. It is a replica of the first trophy.   
  3. It is in a museum in Brazil     
  4. It will only be used until 2038. 

 

                                                                                          THE FAMOUS CUP  
               It's only 36 centimeters tall, but to fans throughout the world, it represents the highest achievement in football. Every four years, teams from all over the globe compete to take home the FIFA World Cup Trophy, yet nobody ever does.   

               Do you know why? Nobody ever takes it home because the 18-carat gold trophy is kept under lock and key by FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association). The champions of each World Cup tournament receive only a replica. This is to protect the valuable prize from thieves, who have stolen the World Cup trophy twice in its 75-year history.   

                 The little trophy has certainly had a troubled existence. The original trophy was made by a French sculptor, Abel LaFleur, and was called the "Jules Rimet Cup," in honor of the founder of the World Cup tournament. Sometime during the first three World Cup events (1930, '34 and '38), the name changed to simply the "World Cup." Then during World War II, not much was seen or heard of the trophy. It was being kept hidden in a shoe box under the bed of Dr. Ottorino Barassi, the Italian vice-president of FIFA, to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Nazi army.   

                 Although the trophy made it safely through the war, it didn't fare so well during the turbulent 1960s. In 1966, the Cup was stolen during a public showing of the trophy prior to the World Cup tournament in England. Luckily, it was found a short time later none the worse for wear in a trash container, by a little dog named Pickles.   

                 Four years later, Brazil earned permanent possession of the original trophy by winning its third World Cup title. Unfortunately, the trophy was stolen a second time, in 1983, and was never recovered. The Brazilian Football Association had to have a duplicate trophy made.                  After the first trophy became the possession of Brazil's football association, a new World Cup Trophy for FIFA was designed by an Italian artist, Silvio Gazazniga, in 1974. This trophy cannot be won outright, but remains in the possession of FIFA, and rest assured they are keeping a close eye on it. Today, World Cup winners are awarded a replica of the trophy that is gold-plated, rather than solid gold like the real one.   

               Gazazniga's World Cup trophy weighs almost five kilograms. Its base contains two layers of a semi-precious stone called malachite, and has room for 17 small plaques bearing the names of the winning teams - enough space to honor all the World Cup champions up to the year 2038. After that, a new trophy will have to be made.  

NEW WORDS:  
 - trophy: chiếc cúp (làm giài thưởng)  

- 18-carat gold: vàng 18 ca-ra  

- to be kept under lock and key: được cất giữ cẩn thận  

- FIFA [Federation Internationale de Football Association] :  Liên đoàn Quốc tế Các Hiệp Hội Bóng Đá  

- replica: bản sao  

- troubled (adj): nhiều rắc rối  

- sculptor: nhà điêu khắc  

- founder: người sáng lập  

- vice-president: phó chủ tịch  

- Nazi: Đức Quốc Xã  

- to make it safely through the war: an toàn qua được cuộc chiến tranh  

- to fare well: tiến triển tốt đẹp, ăn nên làm ra  

- turbulent (adj): nhiều biến động  


Question 5. In which year did Brazil win the World Cup championship for the third time?   

  1. 1970  
  2. 1974  
  3. 1986   
  4. 2002  

  

                                                                            GOAL: ENDING CHILD LABOR  
                Carefully guiding a needle that's longer than his tiny fingers, a young boy in Pakistan stitches together the leather pieces of a soccer ball. He sits crouched in the corner of a hot, airless shed for 12 hours. For his long day's work, he will earn 60 cents.   

               The boy is one of more than 200 million children who work at hard, sometimes dangerous jobs all over the world. Child labor exists in two-thirds of the world's nations. From Indonesia to Guatemala, poor children as young as six are sent off to work. Often they are mistreated and punished for not working hard enough. Children mix the gunpowder for firecrackers in China and knot the threads for carpets in India, all for pennies a day. Sometimes they are sold as slaves.  

            In a speech to the Child Labor Coalition when he was U.S. Secretary of Labor, Robert Reich expressed gratitude for the organization's work to end abuse of child labor, "You turned up the heat, and you got results." He also congratulated Craig Kielburger, then 13, of Canada, who traveled the world for a year fighting for kids' rights. Craig believes kids can make a difference. He offers this advice, "Write letters to companies and government officials. Put pressure on leaders to make changes and to stop the misuse of children."   

         One solution to the child-labor problem in poor countries is education. "The future of these countries," Secretary Reich declared, "depends on a work force that is educated. We are prepared to help build schools."   

            Education has helped to make the world a brighter place for one youth, Aghan of India. When he was nine, Aghan was kidnapped from his home and sold to a carpet maker. Aghan's boss was very cruel. "I was always crying for my mother," he recalls. Aghan's dream was to learn to write so that he could send letters to his parents. Fortunately, a group that opposes child labor rescued Aghan from the factory. He was sent to a shelter in New Delhi where he worked hard to learn to write.  

NEW WORDS:
  - child labor: tình trạng lao động trẻ em   

- to stitch: khâu bằng kirn   

- leather: da thuộc   

- crouched (adj): lom khom, cúi gập người   

- airless (adj): thiếu không khí, ngột ngạt   

- shed: nhà kho   

-  to mistreat sb: ngược đãi ai   

- gunpowder: thuốc súng   

- firecrackers: pháo   

- to knot the threads: thắt gút các sợi chỉ   

- carpet: tấm thảm   

- slave: nô lệ   

- Child Labor Coalition: Liên Minh Chống Lao Động Trẻ Em   

- Secretary of Labor: Bộ Trưởng Lao Động Mỹ 

  - gratitude: lòng biết ơn   

- abuse: sự lạm dụng   

- to congratulate: chúc mừng   

- to fight for kids' rights: đấu tranh cho quyền của trẻ em    

- to put pressure on sb: gây sức ép đối với ai   

- to misuse: sử dụng sai mục đích   

-  work force: lực lượng lao động   

- to kidnap: bắt cóc   

- cruel (adj): độc ác   

- to oppose sth: chống lại cái gi   

- to rescue: giải cứu   

-  shelter: chỗ ở, chỗ trú thân   


Question 1. What is an example of dangerous work done by a child?   

stitching a soccer ball    

knotting carpet threads   

mixing gunpowder     

none of the above 

 

Question 8. Child labor is most common in…..   

  1. countries that make firecrackers.   
  2. poor countries.   
  3.  countries that have slaverv.   
  4. countries that make carpets. 

 

 

 

                                                                            GOAL: ENDING CHILD LABOR  
                Carefully guiding a needle that's longer than his tiny fingers, a young boy in Pakistan stitches together the leather pieces of a soccer ball. He sits crouched in the corner of a hot, airless shed for 12 hours. For his long day's work, he will earn 60 cents.   

               The boy is one of more than 200 million children who work at hard, sometimes dangerous jobs all over the world. Child labor exists in two-thirds of the world's nations. From Indonesia to Guatemala, poor children as young as six are sent off to work. Often they are mistreated and punished for not working hard enough. Children mix the gunpowder for firecrackers in China and knot the threads for carpets in India, all for pennies a day. Sometimes they are sold as slaves.  

            In a speech to the Child Labor Coalition when he was U.S. Secretary of Labor, Robert Reich expressed gratitude for the organization's work to end abuse of child labor, "You turned up the heat, and you got results." He also congratulated Craig Kielburger, then 13, of Canada, who traveled the world for a year fighting for kids' rights. Craig believes kids can make a difference. He offers this advice, "Write letters to companies and government officials. Put pressure on leaders to make changes and to stop the misuse of children."   

         One solution to the child-labor problem in poor countries is education. "The future of these countries," Secretary Reich declared, "depends on a work force that is educated. We are prepared to help build schools."   

            Education has helped to make the world a brighter place for one youth, Aghan of India. When he was nine, Aghan was kidnapped from his home and sold to a carpet maker. Aghan's boss was very cruel. "I was always crying for my mother," he recalls. Aghan's dream was to learn to write so that he could send letters to his parents. Fortunately, a group that opposes child labor rescued Aghan from the factory. He was sent to a shelter in New Delhi where he worked hard to learn to write.  

NEW WORDS:
  - child labor: tình trạng lao động trẻ em   

- to stitch: khâu bằng kirn   

- leather: da thuộc   

- crouched (adj): lom khom, cúi gập người   

- airless (adj): thiếu không khí, ngột ngạt   

- shed: nhà kho   

-  to mistreat sb: ngược đãi ai   

- gunpowder: thuốc súng   

- firecrackers: pháo   

- to knot the threads: thắt gút các sợi chỉ   

- carpet: tấm thảm   

- slave: nô lệ   

- Child Labor Coalition: Liên Minh Chống Lao Động Trẻ Em   

- Secretary of Labor: Bộ Trưởng Lao Động Mỹ 

  - gratitude: lòng biết ơn   

- abuse: sự lạm dụng   

- to congratulate: chúc mừng   

- to fight for kids' rights: đấu tranh cho quyền của trẻ em    

- to put pressure on sb: gây sức ép đối với ai   

- to misuse: sử dụng sai mục đích   

-  work force: lực lượng lao động   

- to kidnap: bắt cóc   

- cruel (adj): độc ác   

- to oppose sth: chống lại cái gi   

- to rescue: giải cứu   

-  shelter: chỗ ở, chỗ trú thân   

 

Question 7. When young children are forced to work,……    

  1. they never see their families.   
  2. they work but never get paid.    
  3. they are punished if they do not work hard. 
  4. they are always sold as slaves.

 

 

                                                                            GOAL: ENDING CHILD LABOR  
                Carefully guiding a needle that's longer than his tiny fingers, a young boy in Pakistan stitches together the leather pieces of a soccer ball. He sits crouched in the corner of a hot, airless shed for 12 hours. For his long day's work, he will earn 60 cents.   

               The boy is one of more than 200 million children who work at hard, sometimes dangerous jobs all over the world. Child labor exists in two-thirds of the world's nations. From Indonesia to Guatemala, poor children as young as six are sent off to work. Often they are mistreated and punished for not working hard enough. Children mix the gunpowder for firecrackers in China and knot the threads for carpets in India, all for pennies a day. Sometimes they are sold as slaves.  

            In a speech to the Child Labor Coalition when he was U.S. Secretary of Labor, Robert Reich expressed gratitude for the organization's work to end abuse of child labor, "You turned up the heat, and you got results." He also congratulated Craig Kielburger, then 13, of Canada, who traveled the world for a year fighting for kids' rights. Craig believes kids can make a difference. He offers this advice, "Write letters to companies and government officials. Put pressure on leaders to make changes and to stop the misuse of children."   

         One solution to the child-labor problem in poor countries is education. "The future of these countries," Secretary Reich declared, "depends on a work force that is educated. We are prepared to help build schools."   

            Education has helped to make the world a brighter place for one youth, Aghan of India. When he was nine, Aghan was kidnapped from his home and sold to a carpet maker. Aghan's boss was very cruel. "I was always crying for my mother," he recalls. Aghan's dream was to learn to write so that he could send letters to his parents. Fortunately, a group that opposes child labor rescued Aghan from the factory. He was sent to a shelter in New Delhi where he worked hard to learn to write.  

NEW WORDS:
  - child labor: tình trạng lao động trẻ em   

- to stitch: khâu bằng kirn   

- leather: da thuộc   

- crouched (adj): lom khom, cúi gập người   

- airless (adj): thiếu không khí, ngột ngạt   

- shed: nhà kho   

-  to mistreat sb: ngược đãi ai   

- gunpowder: thuốc súng   

- firecrackers: pháo   

- to knot the threads: thắt gút các sợi chỉ   

- carpet: tấm thảm   

- slave: nô lệ   

- Child Labor Coalition: Liên Minh Chống Lao Động Trẻ Em   

- Secretary of Labor: Bộ Trưởng Lao Động Mỹ 

  - gratitude: lòng biết ơn   

- abuse: sự lạm dụng   

- to congratulate: chúc mừng   

- to fight for kids' rights: đấu tranh cho quyền của trẻ em    

- to put pressure on sb: gây sức ép đối với ai   

- to misuse: sử dụng sai mục đích   

-  work force: lực lượng lao động   

- to kidnap: bắt cóc   

- cruel (adj): độc ác   

- to oppose sth: chống lại cái gi   

- to rescue: giải cứu   

-  shelter: chỗ ở, chỗ trú thân   

 

 

Question 9. The children who work are often….. .  

  1. treated well   
  2. paid generously   
  3. misused   
  4. all of the above

 

                                                                            GOAL: ENDING CHILD LABOR  
                Carefully guiding a needle that's longer than his tiny fingers, a young boy in Pakistan stitches together the leather pieces of a soccer ball. He sits crouched in the corner of a hot, airless shed for 12 hours. For his long day's work, he will earn 60 cents.   

               The boy is one of more than 200 million children who work at hard, sometimes dangerous jobs all over the world. Child labor exists in two-thirds of the world's nations. From Indonesia to Guatemala, poor children as young as six are sent off to work. Often they are mistreated and punished for not working hard enough. Children mix the gunpowder for firecrackers in China and knot the threads for carpets in India, all for pennies a day. Sometimes they are sold as slaves.  

            In a speech to the Child Labor Coalition when he was U.S. Secretary of Labor, Robert Reich expressed gratitude for the organization's work to end abuse of child labor, "You turned up the heat, and you got results." He also congratulated Craig Kielburger, then 13, of Canada, who traveled the world for a year fighting for kids' rights. Craig believes kids can make a difference. He offers this advice, "Write letters to companies and government officials. Put pressure on leaders to make changes and to stop the misuse of children."   

         One solution to the child-labor problem in poor countries is education. "The future of these countries," Secretary Reich declared, "depends on a work force that is educated. We are prepared to help build schools."   

            Education has helped to make the world a brighter place for one youth, Aghan of India. When he was nine, Aghan was kidnapped from his home and sold to a carpet maker. Aghan's boss was very cruel. "I was always crying for my mother," he recalls. Aghan's dream was to learn to write so that he could send letters to his parents. Fortunately, a group that opposes child labor rescued Aghan from the factory. He was sent to a shelter in New Delhi where he worked hard to learn to write.  

NEW WORDS:
  - child labor: tình trạng lao động trẻ em   

- to stitch: khâu bằng kirn   

- leather: da thuộc   

- crouched (adj): lom khom, cúi gập người   

- airless (adj): thiếu không khí, ngột ngạt   

- shed: nhà kho   

-  to mistreat sb: ngược đãi ai   

- gunpowder: thuốc súng   

- firecrackers: pháo   

- to knot the threads: thắt gút các sợi chỉ   

- carpet: tấm thảm   

- slave: nô lệ   

- Child Labor Coalition: Liên Minh Chống Lao Động Trẻ Em   

- Secretary of Labor: Bộ Trưởng Lao Động Mỹ 

  - gratitude: lòng biết ơn   

- abuse: sự lạm dụng   

- to congratulate: chúc mừng   

- to fight for kids' rights: đấu tranh cho quyền của trẻ em    

- to put pressure on sb: gây sức ép đối với ai   

- to misuse: sử dụng sai mục đích   

-  work force: lực lượng lao động   

- to kidnap: bắt cóc   

- cruel (adj): độc ác   

- to oppose sth: chống lại cái gi   

- to rescue: giải cứu   

-  shelter: chỗ ở, chỗ trú thân   

 

 

Question 10. When children are used to work for unfair wages in poor working conditions, it is best described as …..   

  1. an abuse of working children.   
  2. hard work.   
  3. a poor working environment.   
  4. unfair labor practices. 

 

                                                                            GOAL: ENDING CHILD LABOR  
                Carefully guiding a needle that's longer than his tiny fingers, a young boy in Pakistan stitches together the leather pieces of a soccer ball. He sits crouched in the corner of a hot, airless shed for 12 hours. For his long day's work, he will earn 60 cents.   

               The boy is one of more than 200 million children who work at hard, sometimes dangerous jobs all over the world. Child labor exists in two-thirds of the world's nations. From Indonesia to Guatemala, poor children as young as six are sent off to work. Often they are mistreated and punished for not working hard enough. Children mix the gunpowder for firecrackers in China and knot the threads for carpets in India, all for pennies a day. Sometimes they are sold as slaves.  

            In a speech to the Child Labor Coalition when he was U.S. Secretary of Labor, Robert Reich expressed gratitude for the organization's work to end abuse of child labor, "You turned up the heat, and you got results." He also congratulated Craig Kielburger, then 13, of Canada, who traveled the world for a year fighting for kids' rights. Craig believes kids can make a difference. He offers this advice, "Write letters to companies and government officials. Put pressure on leaders to make changes and to stop the misuse of children."   

         One solution to the child-labor problem in poor countries is education. "The future of these countries," Secretary Reich declared, "depends on a work force that is educated. We are prepared to help build schools."   

            Education has helped to make the world a brighter place for one youth, Aghan of India. When he was nine, Aghan was kidnapped from his home and sold to a carpet maker. Aghan's boss was very cruel. "I was always crying for my mother," he recalls. Aghan's dream was to learn to write so that he could send letters to his parents. Fortunately, a group that opposes child labor rescued Aghan from the factory. He was sent to a shelter in New Delhi where he worked hard to learn to write.  

NEW WORDS:
  - child labor: tình trạng lao động trẻ em   

- to stitch: khâu bằng kirn   

- leather: da thuộc   

- crouched (adj): lom khom, cúi gập người   

- airless (adj): thiếu không khí, ngột ngạt   

- shed: nhà kho   

-  to mistreat sb: ngược đãi ai   

- gunpowder: thuốc súng   

- firecrackers: pháo   

- to knot the threads: thắt gút các sợi chỉ   

- carpet: tấm thảm   

- slave: nô lệ   

- Child Labor Coalition: Liên Minh Chống Lao Động Trẻ Em   

- Secretary of Labor: Bộ Trưởng Lao Động Mỹ 

  - gratitude: lòng biết ơn   

- abuse: sự lạm dụng   

- to congratulate: chúc mừng   

- to fight for kids' rights: đấu tranh cho quyền của trẻ em    

- to put pressure on sb: gây sức ép đối với ai   

- to misuse: sử dụng sai mục đích   

-  work force: lực lượng lao động   

- to kidnap: bắt cóc   

- cruel (adj): độc ác   

- to oppose sth: chống lại cái gi   

- to rescue: giải cứu   

-  shelter: chỗ ở, chỗ trú thân   

 

Question 11. According to the article, children who work under poor conditions, ….   

  1. start to work only after age 13.   
  2.  start to work only after age 12.   
  3. make only 60 cents an hour.   
  4. may make only 60 cents a day. 

 

                                                                            GOAL: ENDING CHILD LABOR  
                Carefully guiding a needle that's longer than his tiny fingers, a young boy in Pakistan stitches together the leather pieces of a soccer ball. He sits crouched in the corner of a hot, airless shed for 12 hours. For his long day's work, he will earn 60 cents.   

               The boy is one of more than 200 million children who work at hard, sometimes dangerous jobs all over the world. Child labor exists in two-thirds of the world's nations. From Indonesia to Guatemala, poor children as young as six are sent off to work. Often they are mistreated and punished for not working hard enough. Children mix the gunpowder for firecrackers in China and knot the threads for carpets in India, all for pennies a day. Sometimes they are sold as slaves.  

            In a speech to the Child Labor Coalition when he was U.S. Secretary of Labor, Robert Reich expressed gratitude for the organization's work to end abuse of child labor, "You turned up the heat, and you got results." He also congratulated Craig Kielburger, then 13, of Canada, who traveled the world for a year fighting for kids' rights. Craig believes kids can make a difference. He offers this advice, "Write letters to companies and government officials. Put pressure on leaders to make changes and to stop the misuse of children."   

         One solution to the child-labor problem in poor countries is education. "The future of these countries," Secretary Reich declared, "depends on a work force that is educated. We are prepared to help build schools."   

            Education has helped to make the world a brighter place for one youth, Aghan of India. When he was nine, Aghan was kidnapped from his home and sold to a carpet maker. Aghan's boss was very cruel. "I was always crying for my mother," he recalls. Aghan's dream was to learn to write so that he could send letters to his parents. Fortunately, a group that opposes child labor rescued Aghan from the factory. He was sent to a shelter in New Delhi where he worked hard to learn to write.  

NEW WORDS:
  - child labor: tình trạng lao động trẻ em   

- to stitch: khâu bằng kirn   

- leather: da thuộc   

- crouched (adj): lom khom, cúi gập người   

- airless (adj): thiếu không khí, ngột ngạt   

- shed: nhà kho   

-  to mistreat sb: ngược đãi ai   

- gunpowder: thuốc súng   

- firecrackers: pháo   

- to knot the threads: thắt gút các sợi chỉ   

- carpet: tấm thảm   

- slave: nô lệ   

- Child Labor Coalition: Liên Minh Chống Lao Động Trẻ Em   

- Secretary of Labor: Bộ Trưởng Lao Động Mỹ 

  - gratitude: lòng biết ơn   

- abuse: sự lạm dụng   

- to congratulate: chúc mừng   

- to fight for kids' rights: đấu tranh cho quyền của trẻ em    

- to put pressure on sb: gây sức ép đối với ai   

- to misuse: sử dụng sai mục đích   

-  work force: lực lượng lao động   

- to kidnap: bắt cóc   

- cruel (adj): độc ác   

- to oppose sth: chống lại cái gi   

- to rescue: giải cứu   

-  shelter: chỗ ở, chỗ trú thân   

 Question 12: According to the article, what is the best way to keep many children from falling victim to the abuse of child labor in the future?   

  1. Help poor countries educate their children.   
  2.  Refuse to buy products made in countries that abuse child labor.   
  3. Rescue each child.   
  4. none of the above 

 

                                                                            GOAL: ENDING CHILD LABOR  
                Carefully guiding a needle that's longer than his tiny fingers, a young boy in Pakistan stitches together the leather pieces of a soccer ball. He sits crouched in the corner of a hot, airless shed for 12 hours. For his long day's work, he will earn 60 cents.   

               The boy is one of more than 200 million children who work at hard, sometimes dangerous jobs all over the world. Child labor exists in two-thirds of the world's nations. From Indonesia to Guatemala, poor children as young as six are sent off to work. Often they are mistreated and punished for not working hard enough. Children mix the gunpowder for firecrackers in China and knot the threads for carpets in India, all for pennies a day. Sometimes they are sold as slaves.  

            In a speech to the Child Labor Coalition when he was U.S. Secretary of Labor, Robert Reich expressed gratitude for the organization's work to end abuse of child labor, "You turned up the heat, and you got results." He also congratulated Craig Kielburger, then 13, of Canada, who traveled the world for a year fighting for kids' rights. Craig believes kids can make a difference. He offers this advice, "Write letters to companies and government officials. Put pressure on leaders to make changes and to stop the misuse of children."   

         One solution to the child-labor problem in poor countries is education. "The future of these countries," Secretary Reich declared, "depends on a work force that is educated. We are prepared to help build schools."   

            Education has helped to make the world a brighter place for one youth, Aghan of India. When he was nine, Aghan was kidnapped from his home and sold to a carpet maker. Aghan's boss was very cruel. "I was always crying for my mother," he recalls. Aghan's dream was to learn to write so that he could send letters to his parents. Fortunately, a group that opposes child labor rescued Aghan from the factory. He was sent to a shelter in New Delhi where he worked hard to learn to write.  

NEW WORDS:
  - child labor: tình trạng lao động trẻ em   

- to stitch: khâu bằng kirn   

- leather: da thuộc   

- crouched (adj): lom khom, cúi gập người   

- airless (adj): thiếu không khí, ngột ngạt   

- shed: nhà kho   

-  to mistreat sb: ngược đãi ai   

- gunpowder: thuốc súng   

- firecrackers: pháo   

- to knot the threads: thắt gút các sợi chỉ   

- carpet: tấm thảm   

- slave: nô lệ   

- Child Labor Coalition: Liên Minh Chống Lao Động Trẻ Em   

- Secretary of Labor: Bộ Trưởng Lao Động Mỹ 

  - gratitude: lòng biết ơn   

- abuse: sự lạm dụng   

- to congratulate: chúc mừng   

- to fight for kids' rights: đấu tranh cho quyền của trẻ em    

- to put pressure on sb: gây sức ép đối với ai   

- to misuse: sử dụng sai mục đích   

-  work force: lực lượng lao động   

- to kidnap: bắt cóc   

- cruel (adj): độc ác   

- to oppose sth: chống lại cái gi   

- to rescue: giải cứu   

-  shelter: chỗ ở, chỗ trú thân   

 

Question 13. Why do families allow young children to go to work?   

  1. They don't know how bad it is.   
  2. The grownups don't want to work.   
  3. The families are very poor and need the income.   
  4. The children are paid a lot of money. 

 

                                                                            GOAL: ENDING CHILD LABOR  
                Carefully guiding a needle that's longer than his tiny fingers, a young boy in Pakistan stitches together the leather pieces of a soccer ball. He sits crouched in the corner of a hot, airless shed for 12 hours. For his long day's work, he will earn 60 cents.   

               The boy is one of more than 200 million children who work at hard, sometimes dangerous jobs all over the world. Child labor exists in two-thirds of the world's nations. From Indonesia to Guatemala, poor children as young as six are sent off to work. Often they are mistreated and punished for not working hard enough. Children mix the gunpowder for firecrackers in China and knot the threads for carpets in India, all for pennies a day. Sometimes they are sold as slaves.  

            In a speech to the Child Labor Coalition when he was U.S. Secretary of Labor, Robert Reich expressed gratitude for the organization's work to end abuse of child labor, "You turned up the heat, and you got results." He also congratulated Craig Kielburger, then 13, of Canada, who traveled the world for a year fighting for kids' rights. Craig believes kids can make a difference. He offers this advice, "Write letters to companies and government officials. Put pressure on leaders to make changes and to stop the misuse of children."   

         One solution to the child-labor problem in poor countries is education. "The future of these countries," Secretary Reich declared, "depends on a work force that is educated. We are prepared to help build schools."   

            Education has helped to make the world a brighter place for one youth, Aghan of India. When he was nine, Aghan was kidnapped from his home and sold to a carpet maker. Aghan's boss was very cruel. "I was always crying for my mother," he recalls. Aghan's dream was to learn to write so that he could send letters to his parents. Fortunately, a group that opposes child labor rescued Aghan from the factory. He was sent to a shelter in New Delhi where he worked hard to learn to write.  

NEW WORDS:
  - child labor: tình trạng lao động trẻ em   

- to stitch: khâu bằng kirn   

- leather: da thuộc   

- crouched (adj): lom khom, cúi gập người   

- airless (adj): thiếu không khí, ngột ngạt   

- shed: nhà kho   

-  to mistreat sb: ngược đãi ai   

- gunpowder: thuốc súng   

- firecrackers: pháo   

- to knot the threads: thắt gút các sợi chỉ   

- carpet: tấm thảm   

- slave: nô lệ   

- Child Labor Coalition: Liên Minh Chống Lao Động Trẻ Em   

- Secretary of Labor: Bộ Trưởng Lao Động Mỹ 

  - gratitude: lòng biết ơn   

- abuse: sự lạm dụng   

- to congratulate: chúc mừng   

- to fight for kids' rights: đấu tranh cho quyền của trẻ em    

- to put pressure on sb: gây sức ép đối với ai   

- to misuse: sử dụng sai mục đích   

-  work force: lực lượng lao động   

- to kidnap: bắt cóc   

- cruel (adj): độc ác   

- to oppose sth: chống lại cái gi   

- to rescue: giải cứu   

-  shelter: chỗ ở, chỗ trú thân   


Question 14. How do you know Aghan was not happy making carpets away from his family?  

  1.  He dreamed of learning to write.   
  2.  He was rescued.   
  3. He cried for his mother.   
  4. He lives in a shelter.   

                                                                            GOAL: ENDING CHILD LABOR  
                Carefully guiding a needle that's longer than his tiny fingers, a young boy in Pakistan stitches together the leather pieces of a soccer ball. He sits crouched in the corner of a hot, airless shed for 12 hours. For his long day's work, he will earn 60 cents.   

               The boy is one of more than 200 million children who work at hard, sometimes dangerous jobs all over the world. Child labor exists in two-thirds of the world's nations. From Indonesia to Guatemala, poor children as young as six are sent off to work. Often they are mistreated and punished for not working hard enough. Children mix the gunpowder for firecrackers in China and knot the threads for carpets in India, all for pennies a day. Sometimes they are sold as slaves.  

            In a speech to the Child Labor Coalition when he was U.S. Secretary of Labor, Robert Reich expressed gratitude for the organization's work to end abuse of child labor, "You turned up the heat, and you got results." He also congratulated Craig Kielburger, then 13, of Canada, who traveled the world for a year fighting for kids' rights. Craig believes kids can make a difference. He offers this advice, "Write letters to companies and government officials. Put pressure on leaders to make changes and to stop the misuse of children."   

         One solution to the child-labor problem in poor countries is education. "The future of these countries," Secretary Reich declared, "depends on a work force that is educated. We are prepared to help build schools."   

            Education has helped to make the world a brighter place for one youth, Aghan of India. When he was nine, Aghan was kidnapped from his home and sold to a carpet maker. Aghan's boss was very cruel. "I was always crying for my mother," he recalls. Aghan's dream was to learn to write so that he could send letters to his parents. Fortunately, a group that opposes child labor rescued Aghan from the factory. He was sent to a shelter in New Delhi where he worked hard to learn to write.  

NEW WORDS:
  - child labor: tình trạng lao động trẻ em   

- to stitch: khâu bằng kirn   

- leather: da thuộc   

- crouched (adj): lom khom, cúi gập người   

- airless (adj): thiếu không khí, ngột ngạt   

- shed: nhà kho   

-  to mistreat sb: ngược đãi ai   

- gunpowder: thuốc súng   

- firecrackers: pháo   

- to knot the threads: thắt gút các sợi chỉ   

- carpet: tấm thảm   

- slave: nô lệ   

- Child Labor Coalition: Liên Minh Chống Lao Động Trẻ Em   

- Secretary of Labor: Bộ Trưởng Lao Động Mỹ 

  - gratitude: lòng biết ơn   

- abuse: sự lạm dụng   

- to congratulate: chúc mừng   

- to fight for kids' rights: đấu tranh cho quyền của trẻ em    

- to put pressure on sb: gây sức ép đối với ai   

- to misuse: sử dụng sai mục đích   

-  work force: lực lượng lao động   

- to kidnap: bắt cóc   

- cruel (adj): độc ác   

- to oppose sth: chống lại cái gi   

- to rescue: giải cứu   

-  shelter: chỗ ở, chỗ trú thân   


Question 15. In New Delhi, Aghan……   

  1. worked for a group that is opposed to child labor.   
  2.  received an education.   
  3. lived with his family.   
  4.  made carpets.  

  Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia that is available on the Internet and what people love about it is that it can be edited by absolutely everybody.

When and how did it start?  

It was founded in 2001 by a guy called Jimmy Wales. It started as a fancy idea, a kind of a hobby and everybody is surprised how popular it has become and how many computer scientists it has attracted. It has got a collection of about 1.8 mln articles, the majority of which are in English; however, one can find some articles in over 200 languages. If it was a business, it would earn lots of money.  

How is it possible that articles that can be changed by anyone are correct?  

The Wikipedia is based on wikis - a special software which lets everyone modify a webpage and it is true that anyone can change the information on the page if they think it's incorrect. But, the Wikipedia has a team of over 13,000 people who are experts in different fields and who correct any inaccurate information sent by people.  

Is it error-free?  

One may say so. Recently, for example, the British journal Nature looked at the scientific information in   Wikipedia and confirmed it was very reliable and that they didn't find many errors. It was very good news for the founder as well as for all the users.  

Why is it becoming so popular?  

Like the whole idea of the Internet, it's also quick and available to everyone. The greatest thing of all is that it is free. Some people also stress that it's fun to be able to add what you know to the information on the net. IT specialists believe it has a very bright future and most claim it's the most brilliant invention ever.  

NEW WORDS:
 - encyclopaedia: tự điển bách khoa    

- error-free (adj): không có sai sót  

- to edit: biên tập, chỉnh sửa   

- to confirm: khẳng định  

- to found: thành lập   

- to stress: nhấn mạnh  

- a fancy idea: một ý tưởng ấp ủ sự say mê  

- IT = Information Technology: công nghệ thông tin  

- mln = million  

- passion: niềm đam mê  

- webpage: trang web   

- to monitor: theo dõi để xử lý


Question 16.  Wikipedia ….....................................................................................................................…  

  1.  was created by a team of computer scientists.  
  2.  began as a business idea.  
  3.  became popular as soon as it started.  
  4.  started as one man's passion

  Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia that is available on the Internet and what people love about it is that it can be edited by absolutely everybody.

When and how did it start?  

It was founded in 2001 by a guy called Jimmy Wales. It started as a fancy idea, a kind of a hobby and everybody is surprised how popular it has become and how many computer scientists it has attracted. It has got a collection of about 1.8 mln articles, the majority of which are in English; however, one can find some articles in over 200 languages. If it was a business, it would earn lots of money.   

How is it possible that articles that can be changed by anyone are correct?   

The Wikipedia is based on wikis - a special software which lets everyone modify a webpage and it is true that anyone can change the information on the page if they think it's incorrect. But, the Wikipedia has a team of over 13,000 people who are experts in different fields and who correct any inaccurate information sent by people.   

Is it error-free?  

One may say so. Recently, for example, the British journal Nature looked at the scientific information in   Wikipedia and confirmed it was very reliable and that they didn't find many errors. It was very good news for the founder as well as for all the users.   

Why is it becoming so popular?   

Like the whole idea of the Internet, it's also quick and available to everyone. The greatest thing of all is that it is free. Some people also stress that it's fun to be able to add what you know to the information on the net. IT specialists believe it has a very bright future and most claim it's the most brilliant invention ever.  

NEW WORDS:
 - encyclopaedia: tự điển bách khoa    

- error-free (adj): không có sai sót  

- to edit: biên tập, chỉnh sửa   

- to confirm: khẳng định  

- to found: thành lập   

- to stress: nhấn mạnh  

- a fancy idea: một ý tưởng ấp ủ sự say mê  

- IT = Information Technology: công nghệ thông tin  

- mln = million  

- passion: niềm đam mê  

- webpage: trang web   

- to monitor: theo dõi để xử lý

 

Question 17. Articles in Wikipedia are …......................................................................................................…   

  1.  mostly about science.  
  2.  mostly in English. 
  3.   translated into 200 languages.  
  4. very interesting. 

 

  Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia that is available on the Internet and what people love about it is that it can be edited by absolutely everybody.

When and how did it start?  

It was founded in 2001 by a guy called Jimmy Wales. It started as a fancy idea, a kind of a hobby and everybody is surprised how popular it has become and how many computer scientists it has attracted. It has got a collection of about 1.8 mln articles, the majority of which are in English; however, one can find some articles in over 200 languages. If it was a business, it would earn lots of money.   

How is it possible that articles that can be changed by anyone are correct?   

The Wikipedia is based on wikis - a special software which lets everyone modify a webpage and it is true that anyone can change the information on the page if they think it's incorrect. But, the Wikipedia has a team of over 13,000 people who are experts in different fields and who correct any inaccurate information sent by people.   

Is it error-free?  

One may say so. Recently, for example, the British journal Nature looked at the scientific information in   Wikipedia and confirmed it was very reliable and that they didn't find many errors. It was very good news for the founder as well as for all the users.   

Why is it becoming so popular?   

Like the whole idea of the Internet, it's also quick and available to everyone. The greatest thing of all is that it is free. Some people also stress that it's fun to be able to add what you know to the information on the net. IT specialists believe it has a very bright future and most claim it's the most brilliant invention ever.  

NEW WORDS:
 - encyclopaedia: tự điển bách khoa    

- error-free (adj): không có sai sót  

- to edit: biên tập, chỉnh sửa   

- to confirm: khẳng định  

- to found: thành lập   

- to stress: nhấn mạnh  

- a fancy idea: một ý tưởng ấp ủ sự say mê  

- IT = Information Technology: công nghệ thông tin  

- mln = million  

- passion: niềm đam mê  

- webpage: trang web   

- to monitor: theo dõi để xử lý

Question 18. Wikipedia remains accurate as much as possible because ….......................................................................................   

  1. all people who write for it are experts.   
  2. it has a special type of software programme.   
  3.  there are people who monitor it for mistakes.   
  4. not everybody can change the information. 

 

  Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia that is available on the Internet and what people love about it is that it can be edited by absolutely everybody.

When and how did it start?  

It was founded in 2001 by a guy called Jimmy Wales. It started as a fancy idea, a kind of a hobby and everybody is surprised how popular it has become and how many computer scientists it has attracted. It has got a collection of about 1.8 mln articles, the majority of which are in English; however, one can find some articles in over 200 languages. If it was a business, it would earn lots of money.   

How is it possible that articles that can be changed by anyone are correct?   

The Wikipedia is based on wikis - a special software which lets everyone modify a webpage and it is true that anyone can change the information on the page if they think it's incorrect. But, the Wikipedia has a team of over 13,000 people who are experts in different fields and who correct any inaccurate information sent by people.   

Is it error-free?  

One may say so. Recently, for example, the British journal Nature looked at the scientific information in   Wikipedia and confirmed it was very reliable and that they didn't find many errors. It was very good news for the founder as well as for all the users.   

Why is it becoming so popular?   

Like the whole idea of the Internet, it's also quick and available to everyone. The greatest thing of all is that it is free. Some people also stress that it's fun to be able to add what you know to the information on the net. IT specialists believe it has a very bright future and most claim it's the most brilliant invention ever.  

NEW WORDS:
 - encyclopaedia: tự điển bách khoa    

- error-free (adj): không có sai sót  

- to edit: biên tập, chỉnh sửa   

- to confirm: khẳng định  

- to found: thành lập   

- to stress: nhấn mạnh  

- a fancy idea: một ý tưởng ấp ủ sự say mê  

- IT = Information Technology: công nghệ thông tin  

- mln = million  

- passion: niềm đam mê  

- webpage: trang web   

- to monitor: theo dõi để xử lý

Question 19. The best advantage of Wikipedia is that ….................................................................................................   

  1. you don't have to pay for it.   
  2. everyone can use it.   
  3.  it is created by ordinary people.   
  4. is quick and reliable. 

 

  Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia that is available on the Internet and what people love about it is that it can be edited by absolutely everybody.

When and how did it start?  

It was founded in 2001 by a guy called Jimmy Wales. It started as a fancy idea, a kind of a hobby and everybody is surprised how popular it has become and how many computer scientists it has attracted. It has got a collection of about 1.8 mln articles, the majority of which are in English; however, one can find some articles in over 200 languages. If it was a business, it would earn lots of money.   

How is it possible that articles that can be changed by anyone are correct?   

The Wikipedia is based on wikis - a special software which lets everyone modify a webpage and it is true that anyone can change the information on the page if they think it's incorrect. But, the Wikipedia has a team of over 13,000 people who are experts in different fields and who correct any inaccurate information sent by people.   

Is it error-free?  

One may say so. Recently, for example, the British journal Nature looked at the scientific information in   Wikipedia and confirmed it was very reliable and that they didn't find many errors. It was very good news for the founder as well as for all the users.   

Why is it becoming so popular?   

Like the whole idea of the Internet, it's also quick and available to everyone. The greatest thing of all is that it is free. Some people also stress that it's fun to be able to add what you know to the information on the net. IT specialists believe it has a very bright future and most claim it's the most brilliant invention ever.  

NEW WORDS:
 - encyclopaedia: tự điển bách khoa    

- error-free (adj): không có sai sót  

- to edit: biên tập, chỉnh sửa   

- to confirm: khẳng định  

- to found: thành lập   

- to stress: nhấn mạnh  

- a fancy idea: một ý tưởng ấp ủ sự say mê  

- IT = Information Technology: công nghệ thông tin  

- mln = million  

- passion: niềm đam mê  

- webpage: trang web   

- to monitor: theo dõi để xử lý

Question 20. The text probably comes from …..  

  1. a leaflet     
  2. a speech   
  3. a scientific article    
  4.  a magazine article  

            In today's competitive world, what responsible parent would not want to give their children the best possible start in life? For this reason, many parents want their children, often as young as ten months old, to become familiar with computers. They seem to think that if their children grow up with computers, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future.    

              No one has proved that computers make children more creative or more intelligent. The truth may even be the opposite. Educational psychologists claim that too much exposure to computers, especially for the very young, may negatively affect normal brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Tenmonth-old babies may benefit more from bumping their heads or putting various objects in their mouths than they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experimenting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a computer screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more computer classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.    

               It is ludicrous to think that children will fall behind if they are not exposed to computers from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a "mouse". Now is the time when they should be out there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away at keyboards.

NEW WORDS:   
  - to be exposed to sth: phài hứng chịu, phải nếm trải, có cơ hội tiếp xúc với (exposure)       

- hand-eye coordination: sự phối hợp giữa tay và mắt  

- crayon: bút chì màu   

- interaction with: sự tương tác với    

- cursor: con nháy, con trỏ trên màn hình   

- to bump one's head: va đầu    

- funding: sự tài trợ   

- eye-catching (adj): hấp dẫn, bắt mắt    

- to bang away at sth: đập mạnh vào

Question 21. Why do parents want their children to learn how to use a computer from an early age?  

  1.  Because they are afraid their children will become competitive.  
  2. Because they want their children to be well prepared for their future.  
  3. Because this is what all the other parents seem to do.  
  4. Because they believe their children will have difficulty learning to use one if they don't start early.

 

            In today's competitive world, what responsible parent would not want to give their children the best possible start in life? For this reason, many parents want their children, often as young as ten months old, to become familiar with computers. They seem to think that if their children grow up with computers, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future.    

              No one has proved that computers make children more creative or more intelligent. The truth may even be the opposite. Educational psychologists claim that too much exposure to computers, especially for the very young, may negatively affect normal brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Tenmonth-old babies may benefit more from bumping their heads or putting various objects in their mouths than they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experimenting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a computer screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more computer classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.    

               It is ludicrous to think that children will fall behind if they are not exposed to computers from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a "mouse". Now is the time when they should be out there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away at keyboards.

NEW WORDS:   
  - to be exposed to sth: phài hứng chịu, phải nếm trải, có cơ hội tiếp xúc với (exposure)       

- hand-eye coordination: sự phối hợp giữa tay và mắt  

- crayon: bút chì màu   

- interaction with: sự tương tác với    

- cursor: con nháy, con trỏ trên màn hình   

- to bump one's head: va đầu    

- funding: sự tài trợ   

- eye-catching (adj): hấp dẫn, bắt mắt    

- to bang away at sth: đập mạnh vào

Question 24. What would be an appropriate title for this passage?   

  1. Never too early to start   
  2. Let kids be kids   
  3. Computers in schools   
  4. More computers mean brighter future 


 

            In today's competitive world, what responsible parent would not want to give their children the best possible start in life? For this reason, many parents want their children, often as young as ten months old, to become familiar with computers. They seem to think that if their children grow up with computers, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future.    

              No one has proved that computers make children more creative or more intelligent. The truth may even be the opposite. Educational psychologists claim that too much exposure to computers, especially for the very young, may negatively affect normal brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Tenmonth-old babies may benefit more from bumping their heads or putting various objects in their mouths than they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experimenting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a computer screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more computer classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.    

               It is ludicrous to think that children will fall behind if they are not exposed to computers from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a "mouse". Now is the time when they should be out there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away at keyboards.

NEW WORDS:   
  - to be exposed to sth: phài hứng chịu, phải nếm trải, có cơ hội tiếp xúc với (exposure)       

- hand-eye coordination: sự phối hợp giữa tay và mắt  

- crayon: bút chì màu   

- interaction with: sự tương tác với    

- cursor: con nháy, con trỏ trên màn hình   

- to bump one's head: va đầu    

- funding: sự tài trợ   

- eye-catching (adj): hấp dẫn, bắt mắt    

- to bang away at sth: đập mạnh vào

Question 23. The author implies that children learn better ….   

  1. after they have developed hand-eye coordination.   
  2. when they use a computer.   
  3. as they get older.   
  4. when they hold and feel things around them. 

 

  1. after they have developed hand-eye coordination.   
  2. when they use a computer.   
  3. as they get older.   
  4. when they hold and feel things around them. 

            In today's competitive world, what responsible parent would not want to give their children the best possible start in life? For this reason, many parents want their children, often as young as ten months old, to become familiar with computers. They seem to think that if their children grow up with computers, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future.    

              No one has proved that computers make children more creative or more intelligent. The truth may even be the opposite. Educational psychologists claim that too much exposure to computers, especially for the very young, may negatively affect normal brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Tenmonth-old babies may benefit more from bumping their heads or putting various objects in their mouths than they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experimenting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a computer screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more computer classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.    

               It is ludicrous to think that children will fall behind if they are not exposed to computers from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a "mouse". Now is the time when they should be out there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away at keyboards.

NEW WORDS:   
  - to be exposed to sth: phài hứng chịu, phải nếm trải, có cơ hội tiếp xúc với (exposure)       

- hand-eye coordination: sự phối hợp giữa tay và mắt  

- crayon: bút chì màu   

- interaction with: sự tương tác với    

- cursor: con nháy, con trỏ trên màn hình   

- to bump one's head: va đầu    

- funding: sự tài trợ   

- eye-catching (adj): hấp dẫn, bắt mắt    

- to bang away at sth: đập mạnh vào

Question 22. Children who spend a lot of time on their computers…................................................................   

  1.  do not necessarily make more progress than those who don't. 
  2.  tend to like music and art more than those who don't.   
  3. will suffer from brain damage.   
  4. tend to have more accidents than those who don't. 

 


 

            In today's competitive world, what responsible parent would not want to give their children the best possible start in life? For this reason, many parents want their children, often as young as ten months old, to become familiar with computers. They seem to think that if their children grow up with computers, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future.    

              No one has proved that computers make children more creative or more intelligent. The truth may even be the opposite. Educational psychologists claim that too much exposure to computers, especially for the very young, may negatively affect normal brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Tenmonth-old babies may benefit more from bumping their heads or putting various objects in their mouths than they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experimenting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a computer screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more computer classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.    

               It is ludicrous to think that children will fall behind if they are not exposed to computers from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a "mouse". Now is the time when they should be out there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away at keyboards.

NEW WORDS:   
  - to be exposed to sth: phài hứng chịu, phải nếm trải, có cơ hội tiếp xúc với (exposure)       

- hand-eye coordination: sự phối hợp giữa tay và mắt  

- crayon: bút chì màu   

- interaction with: sự tương tác với    

- cursor: con nháy, con trỏ trên màn hình   

- to bump one's head: va đầu    

- funding: sự tài trợ   

- eye-catching (adj): hấp dẫn, bắt mắt    

- to bang away at sth: đập mạnh vào


Question 25. What is true according to the passage?  

  1. It is better for children to take computer lessons than art lessons.   
  2. Parents should not put off buying a computer for their children.  
  3. Computers seriously harm children's eyesight.   
  4. There is no evidence that children who use computers are more clever than those who do not. 

 

            In today's competitive world, what responsible parent would not want to give their children the best possible start in life? For this reason, many parents want their children, often as young as ten months old, to become familiar with computers. They seem to think that if their children grow up with computers, they will be better equipped to face the challenges of the future.    

              No one has proved that computers make children more creative or more intelligent. The truth may even be the opposite. Educational psychologists claim that too much exposure to computers, especially for the very young, may negatively affect normal brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with physical objects. Tenmonth-old babies may benefit more from bumping their heads or putting various objects in their mouths than they will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can improve hand-eye coordination and understand cause and effect better by experimenting with a crayon than by moving a cursor around a computer screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of government funding going to more and more computer classes, it might be better to devote resources to music and art programs.    

               It is ludicrous to think that children will fall behind if they are not exposed to computers from an early age. Time is too precious to spend with a "mouse". Now is the time when they should be out there learning to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging away at keyboards.

NEW WORDS:   
  - to be exposed to sth: phài hứng chịu, phải nếm trải, có cơ hội tiếp xúc với (exposure)       

- hand-eye coordination: sự phối hợp giữa tay và mắt  

- crayon: bút chì màu   

- interaction with: sự tương tác với    

- cursor: con nháy, con trỏ trên màn hình   

- to bump one's head: va đầu    

- funding: sự tài trợ   

- eye-catching (adj): hấp dẫn, bắt mắt    

- to bang away at sth: đập mạnh vào

Question 26. What does the word "ludicrous" in the third paragraph (first sentence) mean?   

  1. ridiculous      
  2. humorous      
  3. ironic  
  4. sensible   

 A massage is relaxing, and makes you feel great, but did you know that it's also good for you? That's what doctors are now saying. Massage relieves pain and anxiety, eases depression and speeds up recovery from medical problems.   Research has shown that people of all ages benefit from touch. Premature infants who are held develop faster than those left alone, and healthy babies who get a lot of physical contact cry less and sleep better. Researchers are not sure why this occurs but they have also found out that touch can slow heart rate, lower blood pressure and increase levels of seratonin, the brain chemical that is linked to well-being. It also decreases levels of the stress hormone cortisol, and this in turn increases your resistance to illness.   Massage also speeds up healing. Bone-marrow transplant patients who were given massages had better neurological function than those who weren't. Furthermore, massage reduced pain by 37% in patients with chronic muscle aches.   Giving someone a massage may be as good as getting one. A study conducted by the university of Miami found that mothers suffering from depression felt better after massaging their infants. In that same study, elderly volunteers who massaged infants reported feeling less anxious and depressed. It even works when you do it yourself; 43% of headache sufferers reported getting relief after massaging their temples and neck and smokers who were taught self-massage while trying to quit felt less anxiety and smoked less.

NEW WORDS: 
  - relaxing (adj): gây cảm giác dễ chiu    

- resistance to: sự đề kháng đối với   

- depressed (adj): trầm cảm (depression)    

- bone-marrow transplant: sự cấy ghép tủy xương   

- to speed sth up: đẩy nhanh cái gì    

- premature infant: trẻ sinh thiếu tháng    

- neurological (adj): thuộc về  thần kinh   

- heart rate: nhịp tim    

- chronic (adj): mãn tính   

- blood pressure: huyết áp    

- muscle ache: sự đau nhức cơ bắp   

- well-being: trạng thái mạnh khỏe    

- temple: thái dương  

- self-massage: sự tự xoa bóp

   Question 27. What has recently been said about getting a massage?  

  1. It relaxes you.  
  2. It makes you feel good.  
  3. It improves your physical condition.  
  4. It requires a special technique.

 A massage is relaxing, and makes you feel great, but did you know that it's also good for you? That's what doctors are now saying. Massage relieves pain and anxiety, eases depression and speeds up recovery from medical problems.   Research has shown that people of all ages benefit from touch. Premature infants who are held develop faster than those left alone, and healthy babies who get a lot of physical contact cry less and sleep better. Researchers are not sure why this occurs but they have also found out that touch can slow heart rate, lower blood pressure and increase levels of seratonin, the brain chemical that is linked to well-being. It also decreases levels of the stress hormone cortisol, and this in turn increases your resistance to illness.   Massage also speeds up healing. Bone-marrow transplant patients who were given massages had better neurological function than those who weren't. Furthermore, massage reduced pain by 37% in patients with chronic muscle aches.   Giving someone a massage may be as good as getting one. A study conducted by the university of Miami found that mothers suffering from depression felt better after massaging their infants. In that same study, elderly volunteers who massaged infants reported feeling less anxious and depressed. It even works when you do it yourself; 43% of headache sufferers reported getting relief after massaging their temples and neck and smokers who were taught self-massage while trying to quit felt less anxiety and smoked less.

NEW WORDS: 
  - relaxing (adj): gây cảm giác dễ chiu    

- resistance to: sự đề kháng đối với   

- depressed (adj): trầm cảm (depression)    

- bone-marrow transplant: sự cấy ghép tủy xương   

- to speed sth up: đẩy nhanh cái gì    

- premature infant: trẻ sinh thiếu tháng    

- neurological (adj): thuộc về  thần kinh   

- heart rate: nhịp tim    

- chronic (adj): mãn tính   

- blood pressure: huyết áp    

- muscle ache: sự đau nhức cơ bắp   

- well-being: trạng thái mạnh khỏe    

- temple: thái dương  

- self-massage: sự tự xoa bóp

 

Question 29. The author suggests that touch ….   

  1. increases levels of the stress hormone cortisol.   
  2. makes your heart beat faster.   
  3. increases the feeling of well-being.   
  4. helps you deal with your feelings. 

 

 A massage is relaxing, and makes you feel great, but did you know that it's also good for you? That's what doctors are now saying. Massage relieves pain and anxiety, eases depression and speeds up recovery from medical problems.   Research has shown that people of all ages benefit from touch. Premature infants who are held develop faster than those left alone, and healthy babies who get a lot of physical contact cry less and sleep better. Researchers are not sure why this occurs but they have also found out that touch can slow heart rate, lower blood pressure and increase levels of seratonin, the brain chemical that is linked to well-being. It also decreases levels of the stress hormone cortisol, and this in turn increases your resistance to illness.   Massage also speeds up healing. Bone-marrow transplant patients who were given massages had better neurological function than those who weren't. Furthermore, massage reduced pain by 37% in patients with chronic muscle aches.   Giving someone a massage may be as good as getting one. A study conducted by the university of Miami found that mothers suffering from depression felt better after massaging their infants. In that same study, elderly volunteers who massaged infants reported feeling less anxious and depressed. It even works when you do it yourself; 43% of headache sufferers reported getting relief after massaging their temples and neck and smokers who were taught self-massage while trying to quit felt less anxiety and smoked less.

NEW WORDS: 
  - relaxing (adj): gây cảm giác dễ chiu    

- resistance to: sự đề kháng đối với   

- depressed (adj): trầm cảm (depression)    

- bone-marrow transplant: sự cấy ghép tủy xương   

- to speed sth up: đẩy nhanh cái gì    

- premature infant: trẻ sinh thiếu tháng    

- neurological (adj): thuộc về  thần kinh   

- heart rate: nhịp tim    

- chronic (adj): mãn tính   

- blood pressure: huyết áp    

- muscle ache: sự đau nhức cơ bắp   

- well-being: trạng thái mạnh khỏe    

- temple: thái dương  

- self-massage: sự tự xoa bóp

 

Question 28. Babies born before their time …..   

  1. cry less and sleep better if they are massaged.   
  2. grow faster if they are held.   
  3. develop faster than healthy babies if they get a lot of physical contact.   
  4. don't survive if they are not held.

 

 A massage is relaxing, and makes you feel great, but did you know that it's also good for you? That's what doctors are now saying. Massage relieves pain and anxiety, eases depression and speeds up recovery from medical problems.   Research has shown that people of all ages benefit from touch. Premature infants who are held develop faster than those left alone, and healthy babies who get a lot of physical contact cry less and sleep better. Researchers are not sure why this occurs but they have also found out that touch can slow heart rate, lower blood pressure and increase levels of seratonin, the brain chemical that is linked to well-being. It also decreases levels of the stress hormone cortisol, and this in turn increases your resistance to illness.   Massage also speeds up healing. Bone-marrow transplant patients who were given massages had better neurological function than those who weren't. Furthermore, massage reduced pain by 37% in patients with chronic muscle aches.   Giving someone a massage may be as good as getting one. A study conducted by the university of Miami found that mothers suffering from depression felt better after massaging their infants. In that same study, elderly volunteers who massaged infants reported feeling less anxious and depressed. It even works when you do it yourself; 43% of headache sufferers reported getting relief after massaging their temples and neck and smokers who were taught self-massage while trying to quit felt less anxiety and smoked less.

NEW WORDS: 
  - relaxing (adj): gây cảm giác dễ chiu    

- resistance to: sự đề kháng đối với   

- depressed (adj): trầm cảm (depression)    

- bone-marrow transplant: sự cấy ghép tủy xương   

- to speed sth up: đẩy nhanh cái gì    

- premature infant: trẻ sinh thiếu tháng    

- neurological (adj): thuộc về  thần kinh   

- heart rate: nhịp tim    

- chronic (adj): mãn tính   

- blood pressure: huyết áp    

- muscle ache: sự đau nhức cơ bắp   

- well-being: trạng thái mạnh khỏe    

- temple: thái dương  

- self-massage: sự tự xoa bóp

Question 30. Patients who get massages ….   

  1. don't experience muscle pain.   
  2. avoid having surgery.   
  3. make a quicker recovery.   
  4. are not better off than those who do not. 

 


 

 A massage is relaxing, and makes you feel great, but did you know that it's also good for you? That's what doctors are now saying. Massage relieves pain and anxiety, eases depression and speeds up recovery from medical problems.   Research has shown that people of all ages benefit from touch. Premature infants who are held develop faster than those left alone, and healthy babies who get a lot of physical contact cry less and sleep better. Researchers are not sure why this occurs but they have also found out that touch can slow heart rate, lower blood pressure and increase levels of seratonin, the brain chemical that is linked to well-being. It also decreases levels of the stress hormone cortisol, and this in turn increases your resistance to illness.   Massage also speeds up healing. Bone-marrow transplant patients who were given massages had better neurological function than those who weren't. Furthermore, massage reduced pain by 37% in patients with chronic muscle aches.   Giving someone a massage may be as good as getting one. A study conducted by the university of Miami found that mothers suffering from depression felt better after massaging their infants. In that same study, elderly volunteers who massaged infants reported feeling less anxious and depressed. It even works when you do it yourself; 43% of headache sufferers reported getting relief after massaging their temples and neck and smokers who were taught self-massage while trying to quit felt less anxiety and smoked less.

NEW WORDS: 
  - relaxing (adj): gây cảm giác dễ chiu    

- resistance to: sự đề kháng đối với   

- depressed (adj): trầm cảm (depression)    

- bone-marrow transplant: sự cấy ghép tủy xương   

- to speed sth up: đẩy nhanh cái gì    

- premature infant: trẻ sinh thiếu tháng    

- neurological (adj): thuộc về  thần kinh   

- heart rate: nhịp tim    

- chronic (adj): mãn tính   

- blood pressure: huyết áp    

- muscle ache: sự đau nhức cơ bắp   

- well-being: trạng thái mạnh khỏe    

- temple: thái dương  

- self-massage: sự tự xoa bóp


Question 32. What did the study conducted in Miami show?   

  1.  Elderly volunteers who got massages felt less anxious.  
  2.  Mothers were depressed after massaging their babies.  
  3.  Babies who got massages felt better.  
  4. Giving a massage is as beneficial as getting one.