Ta có \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=4\)

=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y+z=2\\x+y+z=-2\end{cases}}\)

+ \(x+y+z=2\)

Thay vào Pt (1)

=> \(xy+z\left(2-z\right)=1\)

 => \(xy=\left(z-1\right)^2\)=> \(x,y,z\ge0\)( do \(x+y+z=2>0\))

Mà \(xy\le\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2=\left(\frac{2-z}{2}\right)^2\)

=> \(z-1\le\frac{2-z}{2}\)=> \(z\le\frac{4}{3}\)

Hoàn toàn TT => \(x,y,z\le\frac{4}{3}\)

+ \(x+y+z=-2\)

=> \(xy+z\left(-2-z\right)=1\)

=> \(xy=\left(z+1\right)^2\)=> \(x,y,z\le0\)( do \(x+y+z=-2< 0\))

Mà \(xy\le\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2=\left(\frac{-2-z}{2}\right)^2\)

=> \(\left(z+1\right)^2\le\left(\frac{z+2}{2}\right)^2\)

=> \(z+1\ge\frac{-z-2}{2}\)=> \(z\ge-\frac{4}{3}\)

TT => \(x,y,z\ge-\frac{4}{3}\)

Vậy \(-\frac{4}{3}\le x,y,z\le\frac{4}{3}\)

chứng minh \(\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\)

ta có \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2+1\ge2x\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x}{1+x^2}\le1\)

\(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow y^2+1\ge2y\Leftrightarrow\frac{2y}{1+y^2}\le1\)

\(\left(z-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow z^2+1\ge2z\Leftrightarrow\frac{2z}{1+z^2}\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x}{1+x^2}+\frac{2y}{1+y^2}+\frac{2x}{1+z^2}\le3\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\le\frac{3}{2}\)

chứng minh \(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có: 

\(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}}\)

ta lại có \(\frac{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\)

vậy \(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge\frac{3}{\frac{\left(1+x\right)+\left(1+y\right)+\left(1+z\right)}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)

kết hợp ta có \(\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\le\frac{3}{2}\le\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\)

a/ Đảo ngược lại rồi đặc \(\frac{1}{x}=a;\frac{1}{y}=b;\frac{1}{z}=c\)

b/ Dễ thấy vai trò x, y, z như nhau nên ta chỉ cần xét 1 trường hợp tiêu biểu thôi.

Xét \(x>y>z\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}< \frac{1}{y}< \frac{1}{z}\)

\(\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{y}>z+\frac{1}{x}\)(trái giả thuyết)

\(\Rightarrow x=y=z\)'

\(\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{x}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

\(-1\le x,y,z\le3\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}-1\le x\le3\\-1\le y\le3\\-1\le z\le3\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\ge0\\\left(3-x\right)\left(3-y\right)\left(3-z\right)\ge0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}xyz+xy+yz+zx+x+y+z+1\ge0\\27-9\left(x+y+z\right)+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\ge0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}xyz+xy+yz+zx+4\ge0\\27-9.3+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\ge0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}xyz+xy+yz+zx+4\ge0\\3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\ge0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow4\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge-4\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge-2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge x^2+y^2+z^2-2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-2\le\left(x+y+z\right)^2=3^2=9\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\le11\)

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)

Khi \(f\left(x\right)=x^2\) là 1 hàm lồi trên \(\left[-1;3\right]\) and \(\left(-1;-1;3\right)›\left(a,b,c\right)\)

Theo BĐT Karamata ta có:

\(11=\left(-1\right)^2+\left(-1\right)^2+3^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)