a.

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-6x+1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\sqrt{\left(4x^2-2x+1\right)\left(4x^2+2x+1\right)}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4x^2-2x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{4x^2+2x+1}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\) ta được:

\(2a^2-b^2+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}ab=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\left(2a+\sqrt{3}b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2=b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(4x^2-2x+1\right)=4x^2+2x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

b.

\(x^2-3x+1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\sqrt{\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2a^2-b^2+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}ab=0\)

Lặp lại cách làm câu a

a.

$x^2-11=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^2=11$

$\Leftrightarrow x=\pm \sqrt{11}$

b. $x^2-12x+52=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x^2-12x+36)+16=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-6)^2=-16< 0$ (vô lý)

Vậy pt vô nghiệm.

c.

$x^2-3x-28=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x-7x-28=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x(x+4)-7(x+4)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x+4)(x-7)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x+4=0$ hoặc $x-7=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=-4$ hoặc $x=7$

d.

$x^2-11x+38=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x^2-11x+5,5^2)+7,75=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-5,5)^2=-7,75< 0$ (vô lý)

Vậy pt vô nghiệm

e.

$6x^2+71x+175=0$

$\Leftrightarrow 6x^2+21x+50x+175=0$

$\Leftrightarrow 3x(2x+7)+25(2x+7)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (3x+25)(2x+7)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow 3x+25=0$ hoặc $2x+7=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{25}{3}$ hoặc $x=-\frac{7}{2}$

f.

$x^2-(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{8})x+4=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^2-\sqrt{2}x-2\sqrt{2}x+4=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x(x-\sqrt{2})-2\sqrt{2}(x-\sqrt{2})=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-\sqrt{2})(x-2\sqrt{2})=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x-\sqrt{2}=0$ hoặc $x-2\sqrt{2}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=\sqrt{2}$ hoặc $x=2\sqrt{2}$

g.

$(1+\sqrt{3})x^2-(2\sqrt{3}+1)x+\sqrt{3}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (1+\sqrt{3})x^2-(1+\sqrt{3})x-(\sqrt{3}x-\sqrt{3})=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (1+\sqrt{3})x(x-1)-\sqrt{3}(x-1)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)[(1+\sqrt{3})x-\sqrt{3}]=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x-1=0$ hoặc $(1+\sqrt{3})x-\sqrt{3}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=1$ hoặc $x=\frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{2}$

a/ ĐKXĐ: ...

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-5x-6\right)+\sqrt{x^2-5x-6}-3=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2-5x-6}=a\ge0\)

\(2a^2+a-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-\frac{3}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-5x-6}=1\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x-7=0\)

b/ ĐKXĐ: ...

\(\Leftrightarrow5\sqrt{3x^2-4x-2}-2\left(3x^2-4x-2\right)+3=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{3x^2-4x-2}=a\ge0\)

\(-2a^2+5a+3=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-\frac{1}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3x^2-4x-2}=3\Leftrightarrow3x^2-4x-11=0\)

c/ \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x-6+\sqrt{2x^2+4x+3}=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{2x^2+4x+3}=a>0\Rightarrow x^2+2x=\frac{a^2-3}{2}\)

\(\frac{a^2-3}{2}-6+a=0\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-15=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-5\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+4x+3}=3\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4x-6=0\)

d/ ĐKXĐ: ...

Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{3x-1}{x}}=a>0\)

\(2a=\frac{1}{a^2}+1\Leftrightarrow2a^3-a^2-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(2a^2+a+1\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{3x-1}{x}}=1\Leftrightarrow3x-1=x\)

e/ĐKXĐ: ...

\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\frac{6x-1}{x}}=\frac{x}{6x-1}+1\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{6x-1}{x}}=a>0\)

\(2a=\frac{1}{a^2}+1\Leftrightarrow2a^3-a^2-1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(2a^2+a+1\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{6x-1}{x}}=1\Rightarrow6x-1=x\)

f/ ĐKXĐ: ...

Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{x}{2x-1}}=a>0\)

\(\frac{1}{a}+1+a=3a^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3a^3-a^2-a-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(3a^2+2a+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{x}{2x-1}}=1\Rightarrow x=2x-1\)

a/ ĐKXĐ: ...

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-6x\right)\left(\sqrt{17-x^2}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-6x=0\\\sqrt{17-x^2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\left(x-6\right)=0\\x^2=16\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=6\left(l\right)\\x=4\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

b/ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+5x+4=0\\\sqrt{x+3}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-4\left(l\right)\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

c/ ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x\ge1\\x\le1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=1\)

Thay \(x=1\) vào pt thấy ko thỏa mãn

Vậy pt vô nghiệm

d/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-4x+3=0\\\sqrt{x-2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=3\left(l\right)\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

e/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{-3+\sqrt{17}}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-2=x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-3\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

f/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}-1=0\\x^2-7x+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-4=1\\\left(x-1\right)\left(x-6\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=1\left(l\right)\\x=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 1:

PT \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x+8=(x+5)\sqrt{x^2+x+2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+x+2)+2(x+5)-4=(x+5)\sqrt{x^2+x+2}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+x+2}=a; x+5=b(a\geq 0)\)

\(PT\Leftrightarrow a^2+2b-4=ba\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2-4)-b(a-2)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a-2)(a+2-b)=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a=2\\ a+2=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

Nếu \(a=2\Rightarrow x^2+x+2=a^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-2=0\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(x+2)=0\Rightarrow x=1; x=-2\) (đều thỏa mãn)

Nếu \(a+2=b\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x^2+x+2}+2=x+5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x^2+x+2}=x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x+3\geq 0\\ x^2+x+2=(x+3)^2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x+3\geq 0\\ 5x+7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=\frac{-7}{5}\) (thỏa mãn)

Vậy..........

Câu 2:

ĐKXĐ: \(x\geq 1\) hoặc \(x\leq \frac{1}{2}\)

\(10x^2-9x-8x\sqrt{2x^2-3x+1}+3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 3(2x^2-3x+1)-8x\sqrt{2x^2-3x+1}+4x^2=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{2x^2-3x+1}=a(a\geq 0)\)

Khi đó PT \(\Leftrightarrow 3a^2-8xa+4x^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a-2x)(3a-2x)=0\) \(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a=2x\\ 3a=2x\end{matrix}\right.\)

Nếu \(a=\sqrt{2x^2-3x+1}=2x\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq 0\\ 2x^2-3x+1=4x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq 0\\ 2x^2+3x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=\frac{-3+\sqrt{17}}{4}\) (t/m)

Nếu \(3a=3\sqrt{2x^2-3x+1}=2x\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq 0\\ 9(2x^2-3x+1)=4x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq 0\\ 14x^2-27x+9=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}; x=\frac{3}{7}\) (t/m)

Vậy...........

3:

ĐK: \(x\geq -\sqrt[3]{3}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^3+3}=a(a\geq 0)\)

PT \(\Leftrightarrow (x^3+3)+6x^2-2x-(5x-1)\sqrt{x^3+3}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+6x^2-2x-(5x-1)a=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 6x^2-x(5a+2)+(a^2+a)=0\)

Coi đây là pt bậc 2 ẩn $x$.

Ta thấy \(\Delta=(5a+2)^2-24(a^2+a)=(a-2)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{(5a+2)\pm \sqrt{\Delta}}{12}\Rightarrow x=\frac{a}{2}\) hoặc \(x=\frac{a+1}{3}\)

Nếu \(x=\frac{a}{2}=\frac{\sqrt{x^3+3}}{2}\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq 0\\ x^2=\frac{x^3+3}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\( \Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq 0\\ x^3-4x^2+3=0\end{matrix}\right. \Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq 0\\ (x-1)(x^2-3x-3)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\( \Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=1\\ x=\frac{3+\sqrt{21}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (t.m)

Nếu \(x=\frac{a+1}{3}\Rightarrow 3x-1=a=\sqrt{x^3+3}\)

\( \Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq \frac{1}{3}\\ (3x-1)^2=x^3+3\end{matrix}\right. \Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq \frac{1}{3}\\ x^3-9x^2+6x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\( \Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq \frac{1}{3}\\ (x-1)(x^2-8x-2)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=1; x=4+3\sqrt{2}\)

Vậy \(x\in\left\{1; 4+3\sqrt{2}; \frac{3+\sqrt{21}}{2}\right\}\)