Giả sử tích (a₁−b₁)(a₂−b₂)...(a₂₀₁₃−b₂₀₁₃) là số lẻ

Thank you Tiểu Thư họ Nguyễn và Đặng Nhật Minh

12632t54s jsd

\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+1=a\left(b+c+d+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+4b^2+4c^2+4d^2+4=4ab+4ac+4ad+4a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-4ab+4b^2+a^2-4ac+4c^2+a^2-4ad+4d^2+a^2-4a+4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(a-2c\right)^2+\left(a-2d\right)^2+\left(a-2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2b\\a=2c\\a=2d\\a=2\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=c=d=1\end{matrix}\right.\).

Vậy \(\left(a,b,c,d\right)=\left(2,1,1,1\right)\)

Trước hết, với \(a+b+c=1\) ta có:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(=\left(a^3+ab^2\right)+\left(b^3+bc^2\right)+\left(c^3+ca^2\right)+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)

\(\ge2a^2b+2b^2c+2c^2a+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)

Hay \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)

Từ đó:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}=\dfrac{a^4}{a^2b}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^2c}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^2a}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\)Ta có: \(a+b+c=0 \Rightarrow b+c=-a \Rightarrow (b+c)^2=(-a)^2 \Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2+2bc=a^2 \Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\)

Tương tự: \(b^2-c^2-a^2=2ca;c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\)

\(P=...=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

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Bổ đề \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\)

Ở đây ta c/m chiều thuận:
Với \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a+b=-c \Rightarrow (a+b)^3=(-c)^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)=-c^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc(QED)\)

Đáp án C

Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)

Cộng vế:

\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)

\(b^2=ac\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c};c^2=bd\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{c^3+b^3+d^3}\left(1\right)\\ \text{Đặt }\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\\ \Rightarrow a=bk;b=ck;c=dk\\ \Rightarrow a=bk=ck^2=dk^3\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{d}=k^3\\ \text{Mà }\dfrac{a}{b}=k\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=k^3\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{d}=\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}\left(2\right)\\ \left(1\right)\left(2\right)\RightarrowĐpcm\)