Bài 3.

Định luật ll Niu-tơn:

\(\overrightarrow{F}+\overrightarrow{F_{ms}}=m\cdot\overrightarrow{a}\)

\(\Rightarrow F-F_{ms}=m\cdot a\)

Gia tốc vật:

\(a=\dfrac{F-F_{ms}}{m}=\dfrac{4,5-\mu mg}{m}=\dfrac{4,5-0,2\cdot1,5\cdot10}{1,5}=1\)m/s²

Vận tốc vật sau 2s:

\(v=a\cdot t=1\cdot2=2\)m/s

\(R_{tđ}=\dfrac{R_1\cdot R_2}{R_1+R_2}=\dfrac{24\cdot12}{24+12}=8\Omega\)

\(I=\dfrac{U}{R}=\dfrac{12}{8}=1,5A\)

\(P=\dfrac{U^2}{R}=\dfrac{12^2}{8}=18W\)

\(Q_{tỏa1}=A_1=U_1\cdot I_1\cdot t=12\cdot\dfrac{12}{24}\cdot1\cdot3600=21600J\)

\(Q_{tỏa2}=A_2=U_2\cdot I_2\cdot t=12\cdot\dfrac{12}{12}\cdot1\cdot3600=43200J\)

PTHH: \(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=588\cdot5\%=29,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{20,4}{102}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Al₂O₃ còn dư

\(\Rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Al_2O_3\left(dư\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot342}{20,4+588-0,1\cdot102}\cdot100\%\approx5,72\%\)