IX.Read the text and fill in one word which best fits each gap.

There are many (1) ____________ cause floods in Vietnam including natural factors and human’s factors. Rainfall, the influence of tides, storms and tropical depressions (2)____________ natural factors. Because Vietnam has “An average annual rainfall is (3) ____________ 1,500 to 2,000 mm”, after heavy (4) ____________ often causes flood insome cities which have poor drainage systems.

In Vietnam, (5) ____________ in Central area, each flood is a nightmare for residents. According to a student in PhuHoa city (Phu Yen province) “Flood occurs on the rainy (6) ____________ from October to November every year (7) ____________ of heavy rain or Ba Ha’s hydropower plant discharges the (8) ____________.Flood lasts about a week and the highest level of water is up to the rooftop. Due to having preparation carefully for each year (store the food , use small boats to travel), it does not have lots of deformation.

Residents also have many solutions to live in flood. People in lowland areas often (9) ____________ their house higher than other areas. They should have a reasonable harvest plan to reduce the damage. At the time when flood usually occurs, they store food and essential products to make (10) ____________ that they have enough food for long 

Give the correct forms of the words in the brackets to complete the sentences.

1. This beach is very ________ for swimmers because the tornadoes often start there. (danger)

2. Her family live near an active volcano, so she's always worried about the ________ of her family. ( safe)

3. Don't leave the light now. It wastes _______ . (electric)

4. Mount Phu Si ___________ in Japan some years ago.(eruption)

5. We need some __________ to cope with natural disasters before they happen. (prepare)

6. Protecting our ___________ resources especially rainforest is very important to prevent some natural disasters such as landslides, floods, so on. (natural)

7. A flood cause the ________ of food and water because it destroys crops and pollutes the fresh water. (short)

8. In tropical region, it is very __________ in summer.(storm)

9. Deforestation can cause soil _________. (erode)

10. Crops are __________ severely by a drought. (destruction)

11. A lot of _________ about people and assets were left after a hurricane. (damage)

12.Food and drink are usually _______ after a natural disaster occurs. (scarcity)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

What is “extreme” weather? Why are people talking about it these days? “Extreme” weather is an unusual weather event such as rainfall, a drought or a heat wave in the wrong place or at the wrong time. In theory, they are very rare. But these days, our TV screens are constantly showing such extreme weather events. Take just three news stories from 2010: 28 centimetres of rain fell on Rio de Janeiro in 24 hours, Nashville, USA, had 33 centimetres of rain in two days and there was record rainfall in Pakistan.

The effects of this kind of rainfall are dramatic and lethal. In Rio de Janeiro, landslides followed, burying hundreds of people. In Pakistan, the floods affected 20 million people. Meanwhile, other parts of the world suffer devastating droughts. Australia, Russia and East Africa have been hit in the last ten years. And then there are unexpected heat waves, such as in 2003 in Europe. That summer, 35,000 deaths were said to be heat-related.

So, what is happening to our weather? Are these extreme events part of a natural cycle? Or are they caused by human activity and its effects on the Earth’s climate? Peter Miller says it’s probably a mixture of both of these things. On the one hand, the most important influences on weather events are natural cycles in the climate. Two of the most famous weather cycles, El Niño and La Niña, originate in the Pacific Ocean. The heat from the warm ocean rises high into the atmosphere and affects weather all around the world. On the other hand, the temperature of the Earth’s oceans is slowly but steadily going up. And this is a result of human activity. We are producing greenhouse gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. This heat warms up the atmosphere, land and oceans. Warmer oceans produce more water vapour – think of heating a pan of water in your kitchen. Turn up the heat, it produces steam more quickly. Satellite data tells us that the water vapour in the atmosphere has gone up by four percent in 25 years. This warm, wet air turns into the rain, storms, hurricanes and typhoons that we are increasingly experiencing. Climate scientist, Michael Oppenheimer, says that we need to face the reality of climate change. And we also need to act now to save lives and money in the future.

According to the passage, extreme weather is a problem because ______.

A. we can never predict it

B. it only affects crowded places

C. it’s often very destructive

D. its causes are completely unknown

Yosemite National Park, located in the eastern central region of California, covers an area of 761,266 acres which includes the slope of the Nevada mountain chain. It is about six hours north of Los Angeles and is known internationally for its natural features like the great cliffs, waterfalls, streams and flora to fauna diversity. That is why more than 3.5 million people visit this park every year.

More than 95 percent of Yosemite National Park has wildlife in it, including five types of vegetation zones: oak woodland, lower and upper montane, subalpine and alpine. The park is one of the largest habitat centers in all of Nevada and it has an elevation range of 600 to 4,000 meters. There are also huge rocks that are more than 10 million years old scattered throughout the natural areas.

For tourists, there are also several hotels and accommodations throughout the park, including restaurants and shops. Many visitors enjoy visiting during the summer to enjoy everything the park has to offer.

2. Bài tập bổ sung

Ex 6. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Until now, 38,000 people ___________________ (evacuate) from the flood-affected areas.

2. Typhoon Ketsana _______________ (now/ move) west, threatening to hit Central Vietnam in the Corning days.

3. About 500 ha of pine forests______________ (destroy) by a fire last month.

4. Can we predict when a volcano_________ (erupt)?

5. The crops failed because it________________ (not rain) all summer.

6. Forest fires _____________ (may/ start) by people or by lightning in storms.

7. A powerful earthquake (strike) ____________Southern California on Friday night.

8. Scientists do not use the term “tidal wave” because tsunami waves (not cause) _____________ by tides.

9. The Amazon_________________ (already/ lose) around 17 percent over the past 50 years.

10. I_____________________ (never/ experience) such a big earthquake before I_________ (go) to Java island.

11. Natural disasters can force people_________ (leave) their homes.

12. If you are trapped in a collapsed building, cover your mouth with a cloth to avoid ____________ (breathe) dust.

Ex 7. Reorder the words to make full sentences.

1. the/ dangerous/ flood/ disasters/ in/ most/ world/ of/ the/ is/ one

________________________________________________________________

2. many/ shelter/ had/ 9 o’clock/ their homes/ by/ people/ camps/ fled/ to/ already/ seek/ in.

________________________________________________________________

3. be/ with/ people/ homeless/ will/ temporary/ provided/ accommodation.

________________________________________________________________

4. a/ Friday/ by/ 6.9/ Indonesia/ magnitude/ was/ earthquake/ powerful/ on/ struck.

________________________________________________________________

5. the earthquake/ hundreds/ completely/ of/ destroyed/ homes/ hit/ the City/ were/ when.

________________________________________________________________

6. natural/ typhoons and floods/ the/ in/ most/ are/ frequent/ Vietnam/ disasters?

________________________________________________________________

7. escape/ before/ people/ had/ to/ fire crews/ the fire/ arrived/ four/ managed.

________________________________________________________________

8. property/ people’s/ disasters/ devastate/ destroy/ their/ lives/ natural/ and.

________________________________________________________________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

What is “extreme” weather? Why are people talking about it these days? “Extreme” weather is an unusual weather event such as rainfall, a drought or a heat wave in the wrong place or at the wrong time. In theory, they are very rare. But these days, our TV screens are constantly showing such extreme weather events. Take just three news stories from 2010: 28 centimetres of rain fell on Rio de Janeiro in 24 hours, Nashville, USA, had 33 centimetres of rain in two days and there was record rainfall in Pakistan.

The effects of this kind of rainfall are dramatic and lethal. In Rio de Janeiro, landslides followed, burying hundreds of people. In Pakistan, the floods affected 20 million people. Meanwhile, other parts of the world suffer devastating droughts. Australia, Russia and East Africa have been hit in the last ten years. And then there are unexpected heat waves, such as in 2003 in Europe. That summer, 35,000 deaths were said to be heat-related.

So, what is happening to our weather? Are these extreme events part of a natural cycle? Or are they caused by human activity and its effects on the Earth’s climate? Peter Miller says it’s probably a mixture of both of these things. On the one hand, the most important influences on weather events are natural cycles in the climate. Two of the most famous weather cycles, El Niño and La Niña, originate in the Pacific Ocean. The heat from the warm ocean rises high into the atmosphere and affects weather all around the world. On the other hand, the temperature of the Earth’s oceans is slowly but steadily going up. And this is a result of human activity. We are producing greenhouse gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. This heat warms up the atmosphere, land and oceans. Warmer oceans produce more water vapour – think of heating a pan of water in your kitchen. Turn up the heat, it produces steam more quickly. Satellite data tells us that the water vapour in the atmosphere has gone up by four percent in 25 years. This warm, wet air turns into the rain, storms, hurricanes and typhoons that we are increasingly experiencing. Climate scientist, Michael Oppenheimer, says that we need to face the reality of climate change. And we also need to act now to save lives and money in the future.

What caused thousands of deaths in 2003?

A. a period of hot weather

B. floods after a bad summer

C. a long spell of heavy rain

D. large-scale landslides

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

What is “extreme” weather? Why are people talking about it these days? “Extreme” weather is an unusual weather event such as rainfall, a drought or a heat wave in the wrong place or at the wrong time. In theory, they are very rare. But these days, our TV screens are constantly showing such extreme weather events. Take just three news stories from 2010: 28 centimetres of rain fell on Rio de Janeiro in 24 hours, Nashville, USA, had 33 centimetres of rain in two days and there was record rainfall in Pakistan.

The effects of this kind of rainfall are dramatic and lethal. In Rio de Janeiro, landslides followed, burying hundreds of people. In Pakistan, the floods affected 20 million people. Meanwhile, other parts of the world suffer devastating droughts. Australia, Russia and East Africa have been hit in the last ten years. And then there are unexpected heat waves, such as in 2003 in Europe. That summer, 35,000 deaths were said to be heat-related.

So, what is happening to our weather? Are these extreme events part of a natural cycle? Or are they caused by human activity and its effects on the Earth’s climate? Peter Miller says it’s probably a mixture of both of these things. On the one hand, the most important influences on weather events are natural cycles in the climate. Two of the most famous weather cycles, El Niño and La Niña, originate in the Pacific Ocean. The heat from the warm ocean rises high into the atmosphere and affects weather all around the world. On the other hand, the temperature of the Earth’s oceans is slowly but steadily going up. And this is a result of human activity. We are producing greenhouse gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. This heat warms up the atmosphere, land and oceans. Warmer oceans produce more water vapour – think of heating a pan of water in your kitchen. Turn up the heat, it produces steam more quickly. Satellite data tells us that the water vapour in the atmosphere has gone up by four percent in 25 years. This warm, wet air turns into the rain, storms, hurricanes and typhoons that we are increasingly experiencing. Climate scientist, Michael Oppenheimer, says that we need to face the reality of climate change. And we also need to act now to save lives and money in the future.

The word -that in the third paragraph refers to ______.

A. Earth’s oceans

B. human activity

C. greenhouse gases

D. Earth’s atmosphere

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

What is “extreme” weather? Why are people talking about it these days? “Extreme” weather is an unusual weather event such as rainfall, a drought or a heat wave in the wrong place or at the wrong time. In theory, they are very rare. But these days, our TV screens are constantly showing such extreme weather events. Take just three news stories from 2010: 28 centimetres of rain fell on Rio de Janeiro in 24 hours, Nashville, USA, had 33 centimetres of rain in two days and there was record rainfall in Pakistan.

The effects of this kind of rainfall are dramatic and lethal. In Rio de Janeiro, landslides followed, burying hundreds of people. In Pakistan, the floods affected 20 million people. Meanwhile, other parts of the world suffer devastating droughts. Australia, Russia and East Africa have been hit in the last ten years. And then there are unexpected heat waves, such as in 2003 in Europe. That summer, 35,000 deaths were said to be heat-related.

So, what is happening to our weather? Are these extreme events part of a natural cycle? Or are they caused by human activity and its effects on the Earth’s climate? Peter Miller says it’s probably a mixture of both of these things. On the one hand, the most important influences on weather events are natural cycles in the climate. Two of the most famous weather cycles, El Niño and La Niña, originate in the Pacific Ocean. The heat from the warm ocean rises high into the atmosphere and affects weather all around the world. On the other hand, the temperature of the Earth’s oceans is slowly but steadily going up. And this is a result of human activity. We are producing greenhouse gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. This heat warms up the atmosphere, land and oceans. Warmer oceans produce more water vapour – think of heating a pan of water in your kitchen. Turn up the heat, it produces steam more quickly. Satellite data tells us that the water vapour in the atmosphere has gone up by four percent in 25 years. This warm, wet air turns into the rain, storms, hurricanes and typhoons that we are increasingly experiencing. Climate scientist, Michael Oppenheimer, says that we need to face the reality of climate change. And we also need to act now to save lives and money in the future.

Which statement is NOT supported by the information in the passage?

A. Extreme weather is substantially influenced by human activity

B. Unusual weather events are part of natural cycles

C. We can limit the bad effects of extreme weather

D. Such extreme weather is hardly the consequence of human activity