%O = 100% -%C -%H = 100% - 54,54% - 9,1% = 36,36%

\(M_X = 2M_{CO_2} = 2.44 = 88(đvC)\)

Số nguyên tử Cacbon = \(\dfrac{88.54,54\%}{12}= 4\)

Số nguyên tử Hidro = \(\dfrac{88.9,1\%}{1} = 8\)

Số nguyên tử Oxi = \(\dfrac{88.36,36\%}{16} = 2\)

Vậy CTPT của X : C₄H₈O₂

\(m_C=\dfrac{88.54,5}{100}=48\left(g\right)=>n_C=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_H=\dfrac{88.9,1}{100}=8\left(g\right)=>n_H=\dfrac{8}{1}=8\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_O=\dfrac{36,4.88}{100}=32\left(g\right)=>n_O=\dfrac{32}{16}=2\left(mol\right)\)

=> CTHH: C₄H₈O₂

%O=100−(65,92+7,75)=26,33%

ta có :x:y:z=\(\dfrac{65,92}{12}=\dfrac{7,75}{1}=\dfrac{26,33}{16}\)
=>x:y:z=10:14:3

=>công thức làC₁₀H₁₄O₃
 

Đáp án: C

n_Na2CO3 = 0,03 mol ; n_CO2= 0,11 mol ; n_H2O = 0,05 mol

A + NaOH →  H₂O  (1)

                      0,04 mol

A + NaOH  →  hai muối natri + O₂  →  Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O  (2)

                          4,44 g

Bảo toàn nguyên tố  => n_NaOH = 0,06 mol

BTKL: m_A + m_NaOH = m_H2O + m _muối 

=> m_H2O = 0,72 g  <=> n_H2O = 0,04

BTKL với phản ứng đốt muối natri:

            m_muối + m_O2 = m_Na2CO3 + m_CO2 + m_H2O

\(d_{\dfrac{X}{H_2}}=89\\ M_{H_2}=2\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow M_X=d_{\dfrac{X}{H_2}}.M_{H_2}=89.2=178\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)

\(m_C=\%C.M_X=74,16\%.178=132\left(g\right)\\ m_H=\%H.M_X=7,86\%.178=14\left(g\right)\\ m_O=m_X-m_C-m_H=178-132-14=32\left(g\right)\\\)

\(\Rightarrow n_C=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{132}{12}=11\left(mol\right)\\ n_H=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{14}{1}=14\left(mol\right)\\ n_O=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{32}{16}=2\left(mol\right)\)

\(CTHH:C_{11}H_{14}O_2\Rightarrow D\)

1. Chất A có dạng C X H Y C l Z

x : y : z = 2,02 : 4,04 : 2,02 = 1 : 2 : 1

Công thức đơn giản nhất là C H 2 C l .

2. MA = 2,25 x 44,0 = 99,0 (g/mol)

( C H ₂ C l ) n  = 99,0 ⇒ 49,5n = 99,0 ⇒ n = 2

CTPT là C 2 H 4 C l 2 .

3. Các CTCT:

a) Xét m_C : m_H : m_O = 64,865% : 13,51% : 21,625%

=> n_C : n_H : n_O = \(\dfrac{64,865}{12}:\dfrac{13,51}{1}:\dfrac{21,625}{16}=4:10:1\)

=> CTPT: (C₄H₁₀O)_n hay C_4nH_10nO_n ( n thuộc N*)

Xét độ bất bão hòa \(=\dfrac{2.4n+2-10n}{2}=\dfrac{2-2n}{2}=1-n\ge0\)

=> n = 1

Vậy CTPT: C₄H₁₀O

CTCT: 

(1) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2OH\)

(2) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH\left(OH\right)-CH_3\)

(3) \(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_2OH\)

(4) \(CH_3-C\left(OH\right)\left(CH_3\right)-CH_3\)

(5) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-O-CH_3\)

(6) \(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-O-CH_3\)

(7) \(CH_3-CH_2-O-CH_2-CH_3\)

b) Xét m_C : m_H : m_N = 61,017% : 15,254% : 23,729%

=> \(n_C:n_H:n_N=\dfrac{61,017}{12}:\dfrac{15,254}{1}:\dfrac{23,729}{14}=3:9:1\)

=> CTPT: (C₃H₉N)_n hay C_3nH_9nN_n ( n thuộc N*)

Xét độ bất bão hòa \(\dfrac{2.3n+2-9n+n}{2}=1-n\)

=> n = 1

=> CTPT: C₃H₉N

CTCT:

(1) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-NH_2\)

(2) \(CH_3-CH\left(NH_2\right)-CH_3\)

(3) \(CH_3-CH_2-NH-CH_3\)

(4) \(\left(CH_3\right)N\)

a) 

\(CTTQ:C_aH_bO_z\left(a,b,z:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Ta.có:a:b:z=\dfrac{64,865\%}{12}:\dfrac{13,51\%}{1}:\dfrac{100\%-\left(64,865\%+13,51\%\right)}{16}\\ =0,054:0,1351:0,0135=4:10:1\\ \Rightarrow a=4;b=10;z=1\\ \Rightarrow CTPT:C_4H_{10}O\\ CTCT:CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-OH\left(1\right)\\ CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_2-OH\left(2\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH\left(CH_3\right)-OH\left(3\right)\\ CH_3-C\left(OH\right)-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_3\left(4\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-O-CH_3\left(5\right)\\ CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-O-CH_3\left(6\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-O-CH_2-CH_3\left(7\right)\)

Gọi tên:

(1) Ancol butylic

(2) 2 - metylpropan - 1 - ol

(3) Butan - 2 - ol

(4) 2 - metylpropan - 2 - ol

(5) metylpropyl ete

(6) Isopropylmetyl ete

(7) Đietyl ete

\(b,CTTQ:C_uH_vN_s\left(u,v,s:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Ta.có:u:v:s=\dfrac{61,017\%}{12}:\dfrac{15,254\%}{1}:\dfrac{100\%-\left(61,017\%+15,254\%\right)}{14}\\ =0,051:0,15254:0,017=3:9:1\\ \Rightarrow u=3;v=9;s=1\\ \Rightarrow CTHH:C_3H_9N\\ CTCT:CH_3-\left[CH_2\right]_2-NH_2\left(1\right)\\ CH_3-CH\left(NH_3\right)-CH_3\left(2\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-NH-CH_3\left(3\right)\\ \left(CH_3\right)_3N\left(4\right)\)

Gọi tên:

(1) Propan - 1 - amin

(2) Propan - 2 - amin

(3) N - metyletanamin

(4) Trimetyl amin