\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{2u_n}{u_n+4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{u_n}\)

Đặt \(v_n=\dfrac{1}{u_n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1\\v_{n+1}=2v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1\\v_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}=2\left(v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}=x_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x_{n+1}=2x_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x_n\) là CSN với công bội 2 \(\Rightarrow x_n=\dfrac{3}{2}.2^{n-1}=3.2^{n-2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow v_n=x_n-\dfrac{1}{2}=3.2^{n-2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{1}{v_n}=\dfrac{1}{3.2^{n-2}-\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{2}{3.2^{n-1}-1}\)

Cho \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\u_{n+1}=2u_n+6\end{matrix}\right.\)

Tìm số hạng tổng quát của dãy số sau

1:

a: \(u_2=2\cdot1+3=5;u_3=2\cdot5+3=13;u_4=2\cdot13+3=29;\)

\(u_5=2\cdot29+3=61\)

b: \(u_2=u_1+2^2\)

\(u_3=u_2+2^3\)

\(u_4=u_3+2^4\)

\(u_5=u_4+2^5\)

Do đó: \(u_n=u_{n-1}+2^n\)

\(u_2=\sqrt{2}\left(2+3\right)-3=5\sqrt{2}-3\)

\(u_3=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}.5\sqrt{2}-3=5\sqrt{3}-3\)

\(u_4=\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3}}.5\sqrt{3}-3=5\sqrt{4}-3\)

....

\(\Rightarrow u_n=5\sqrt{n}-3\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits\dfrac{u_n}{\sqrt{n}}=\lim\limits\dfrac{5\sqrt{n}-3}{\sqrt{n}}=5\)

Với \(n>1\): 

\(n\left(n^2-1\right)u_n=u_1+2u_2+...+\left(n-1\right)u_{n-1}\) (1)

\(\Leftrightarrow n^3-n.u_n=u_1+2u_2+...+\left(n-1\right)u_{n-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n^3.u_n=u_1+2u_2+...+\left(n-1\right)u_{n-1}+n.u_n\) (2)

Thay n bởi \(n-1\) vào (2):

\(\Rightarrow\left(n-1\right)^3u_{n-1}=u_1+2u_2+...+\left(n-1\right)u_{n-1}\) (3)

Từ (1) và (3):

\(\Rightarrow n\left(n^2-1\right)u_n=\left(n-1\right)^2u_{n-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n\left(n+1\right)u_n=\left(n-1\right)^2u_{n-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)^2}{\left(n+1\right)n}u_{n-1}=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)^2}{\left(n+1\right)n}.\dfrac{\left(n-2\right)^2}{n\left(n-1\right)}u_{n-2}=...=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)^2\left(n-2\right)^2....1^2}{\left(n+1\right)n.n\left(n-1\right)...3.2}u_1\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{\left[\left(n-1\right)!\right]^2}{\dfrac{\left(n+1\right).n^2\left[\left(n-1\right)!\right]^2}{2}}u_1=\dfrac{4}{n^2\left(n+1\right)}\) 

Công thức này chỉ đúng với \(n\ge2\)

\(\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}nu_n+n+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}-2\left(n+1\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[nu_n-2n\right]\)

Đặt \(n.u_n-2n=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=-1\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n=-1.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}\Rightarrow n.u_n-2n=-\dfrac{1}{2^{n-1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=2-\dfrac{1}{n.2^{n-1}}\)