Tìm GTNN A = \(\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{2\sqrt{x}+2}\) (x ≥ 0)
1. Cho \(x,y,z>0\) và \(x^3+y^2+z=2\sqrt{3}+1\). Tìm GTNN của biểu thức \(P=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\)
2. Cho \(a,b>0\). Tìm GTNN của biểu thức \(P=\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)
\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)
2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)
Dấu"=" khi a = 4b
nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)
khi đó a + b = 1
mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Cho biểu thức P = \(\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+2}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{2-\sqrt{x}}\) (với x>0; x\(\ne\)0)
a,Rút gọn biểu thức P và tìm x để P = \(\dfrac{-3}{5}\)
b,Tìm GTNN của biểu thức A=P . \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(a,P=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2+\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\cdot\dfrac{2-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{-2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{-2}{\sqrt{x}+2}\\ P=-\dfrac{3}{5}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+2}=\dfrac{3}{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x}+6=10\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{4}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{16}{9}\left(tm\right)\)
\(\dfrac{x^2-\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)-\(\dfrac{2x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}\)+\(\dfrac{2\left(x+\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) (x>0, x khác 1)
a) Rút gọn P
b) Tìm x để \(\dfrac{P}{2012\sqrt{x}}\) đạt GTNN
a) \(P=\dfrac{x^2-\sqrt[]{x}}{x+\sqrt[]{x}+1}-\dfrac{2x+\sqrt[]{x}}{\sqrt[]{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(x+\sqrt[]{x}-2\right)}{\sqrt[]{x}-1}\)
Điều kiện xác định \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>0\\\sqrt[]{x}-1\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>0\\x\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{\sqrt[]{x}\left[\left(\sqrt[]{x}\right)^3-1\right]}{x+\sqrt[]{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt[]{x}\left(2\sqrt[]{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt[]{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt[]{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt[]{x}+2\right)}{\sqrt[]{x}-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{\sqrt[]{x}\left(\sqrt[]{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt[]{x}+1\right)}{x+\sqrt[]{x}+1}-\left(2\sqrt[]{x}+1\right)+2\left(\sqrt[]{x}+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\sqrt[]{x}\left(\sqrt[]{x}-1\right)-\left(2\sqrt[]{x}+1\right)+2\left(\sqrt[]{x}+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=x-\sqrt[]{x}-2\sqrt[]{x}-1+2\sqrt[]{x}+4\)
\(\Rightarrow P=x-\sqrt[]{x}+3\)
b) \(A=\dfrac{P}{2012\sqrt[]{x}}=\dfrac{x-\sqrt[]{x}+3}{2012\sqrt[]{x}}\)\(\)
\(=\dfrac{x-\sqrt[]{x}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}+3}{2012\sqrt[]{x}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt[]{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}}{2012\sqrt[]{x}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt[]{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2}{2012\sqrt[]{x}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{11}{4}}{2012\sqrt[]{x}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt[]{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2}{2012\sqrt[]{x}}+\dfrac{11}{4.2012\sqrt[]{x}}\)
Ta lại có \(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt[]{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2}{2012\sqrt[]{x}}\ge0,\forall x\ne0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[]{x}}>0\Rightarrow\dfrac{11}{4.2012\sqrt[]{x}}\ge\dfrac{11}{4.2012}=\dfrac{11}{8048}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt[]{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2}{2012\sqrt[]{x}}+\dfrac{11}{4.2012\sqrt[]{x}}\ge\dfrac{11}{8048}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{x}=1\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy \(GTNN\left(A\right)=\dfrac{11}{8048}\left(tạix=1\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^2-\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{2x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(x+\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(x\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)+2.\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\)
\(=x-\sqrt{x}+3\)
b) \(\dfrac{P}{2012\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}+3}{2012\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{2012}-\dfrac{1}{2012}+\dfrac{3}{2012\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{2012}+\dfrac{3}{2012\sqrt{x}}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2012}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{x}.3}{2012^2\sqrt{x}}}-\dfrac{1}{2012}\) (BĐT Cauchy)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{2012}-\dfrac{1}{2012}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}-1}{2012}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{2012}=\dfrac{3}{2012\sqrt{x}}\Leftrightarrow x=3\)(tm)
cho P= (\(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)+ \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x-3}}\)-\(\dfrac{3x+3}{x-9}\)) : (\(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)-1)
a, Rút gọn P
b, Tìm x để P < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c, Tìm GTNN của P
a: Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-3}-\dfrac{3x+3}{x-9}\right):\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}-3}-1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{2x-6\sqrt{x}+x+3\sqrt{x}-3x-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{2\sqrt{x}-2-\sqrt{x}+3}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}+3}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
cho A= \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-9}{x-5\sqrt{x}+6}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+1}{3-\sqrt{x}}\)
1, rút gọn A, tìm ĐKXĐ
2, tìm x để A< 1
3 Tìm GTNN khi B= (x-9). A
1: ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x\notin\left\{4;9\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-9-x+9+2x-4\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)
\(1,A=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-9-x+9+2x-3\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\\ A=\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\\ A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}\left(x\ge0;x\ne4;x\ne9\right)\\ 2,A< 1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1-\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-3}< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}-3}< 0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-3< 0\Leftrightarrow0\le x< 9\)
Cho x>0; y>0. Tìm GTNN của \(A=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\) biết \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\).
Cho \(x,y>0\). Tìm GTNN của biểu thức \(A=\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}\)
ÁP dụng BĐT Mincopxki, ta có:
\(A\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2+\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{\left(xy\right)^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2.\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{\left(xy\right)^2}}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}}\) (cô si)
\(\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{2.4xy}{xy}}=\sqrt{8}=2\sqrt{2}\left(Côsi\right)\)
Min \(A=2\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Rút gọn
\(C=\dfrac{x^2-\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{2x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) với \(x>0,x\ne1\)
- tìm GTNN của C
- tìm x để N= \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{C}\) nhận giá trị nguyên
*Rút gọn
Ta có: \(C=\dfrac{x^2-\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{2x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=x-\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}-1+2\sqrt{x}+2\)
\(=x-\sqrt{x}+1\)
Ta có: \(C=x-\sqrt{x}+1\)
\(=x-2\cdot\sqrt{x}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\) thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
hay \(x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(C=\dfrac{x^2-\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{2x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\left(x>0;x\ne1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-2\sqrt{x}-1+2\sqrt{x}+2\)
\(=x-\sqrt{x}+1\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(C_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(N=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{C}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-1}\)
Áp dụng AM-GM có: \(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=1 (ktm đk)
Suy ra dấu bằng ko xảy ra \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-1>2-1=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-1}< 2\)
\(\Rightarrow N< 2\) mà \(N>0\),\(N\) nguyên
\(\Rightarrow N=1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\\\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{7+3\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{7-3\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (tm)
Vậy...
\(\Rightarrow C=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}=x-\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}-1+2\sqrt{x}+2=x-\sqrt{x}+1\) * \(\Rightarrow C=\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
* Ta có \(N=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{C}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}>0\left(1\right)\)
Xét \(N-2=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}-2=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-2x+2\sqrt{x}-2}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{-2x+4\sqrt{x}-2}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{-2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}< 0\left(dox\ne1\right)\Rightarrow N< 2\left(2\right)\) Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow0< N< 2\). Mà N nguyên nên N=1 \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}=1\Rightarrow2\sqrt{x}=x-\sqrt{x}+1\Leftrightarrow x-3\sqrt{x}+1=0\)
\(\Delta=9-4=5\Rightarrow\) pt có 2 nghiệm phân biệt: \(x_1=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+3}{2}\left(TM\right);x_2=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(TM\right)\)
Cho 2 biểu thức: A = \(\dfrac{x+7}{3\sqrt{x}}\) và B = \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}+\dfrac{7\sqrt{x}+3}{9-x}\)với x>0, x≠9
Tìm GTNN của biểu thức P = A.B